Ibyiza byo kohereza ibikoresho by'Abashinwa mu mahanga: Igereranya ry'ibiciro hagati y'inganda za Zhejiang n'ibirango mpuzamahanga

Ibyiza byo kohereza ibikoresho by'Abashinwa mu mahanga: Igereranya ry'ibiciro hagati y'inganda za Zhejiang n'ibirango mpuzamahanga

Ibyiza by'ibikoresho by'Abashinwa byoherezwa mu mahanga: Igereranya ry'ikiguzi n'imikorere hagati ya Zhejiang n'Ibirango Mpuzamahanga

Mu gihe abaguzi basuzuma amahitamo yabo ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo mu busitani, hari abantu benshi bemeranyaho: ubuhanga bwa Zhejiang mu gukora ibikoresho birimo kuvugurura isoko hamwe n'inyungu yaryo yihariye yo "gukora neza cyane no gukoresha amafaranga make." Mu 2024, isoko ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi ku isi ryari ryitezwe kugera kuri miliyari 56.64 z'amadolari y'Amerika, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi bikaba bifite 75% by'isoko. Muri aya masoko akuze, igipimo cy'inganda za Zhejiang kirimo kwiyongera ku kigero cya 15% ku mwaka. Ibi si impanuka—binyuze mu kugereranya ibyiciro 12 by'ingenzi by'ibicuruzwa, twabonye impamvu nyamukuru iri inyuma y'inyungu y'inganda za Zhejiang mu gukora ibiciro no gukoresha neza.

I. Amategeko agenga igenzura ry'ibiciro mu nganda za Zhejiang: Ntabwo ari ibiciro biri hasi, ahubwo ni imikorere myiza idasanzwe

Isoko mpuzamahanga riracyafite imyumvire ibogamye kuri "Byakozwe mu Bushinwa," mu gihe bibwira ko ibiciro biri hasi byanze bikunze bizana ubuziranenge buke. Ariko, inyungu ku giciro cy’inganda z’ibikoresho za Zhejiang zimaze igihe kinini zubakiye ku kuvugurura imikorere mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa byose, aho kugabanya ibiciro gusa.

1. Ibyiza by'amatsinda y'inganda
Yongkang, izwi nka "Umurwa Mukuru w'Ibikoresho by'Ingufu mu Bushinwa," yageze ku gitangaza cy'inganda cyo gukora ibikoresho bitanu muri buri icumi by'amashanyarazi ku isi. Muri uyu mukandara w'inganda, ufite uburebure buri munsi ya kilometero 50, hari ibigo birenga 2.000 bishyigikira, kuva kuri moteri n'ibikoresho kugeza ku bice bya pulasitiki, byiganjemo. Ibi byagabanyije igihe cyo kugura ibikoresho by'ingenzi kuva ku mpuzandengo y'inganda y'iminsi 45 kugeza ku minsi irindwi, bigabanya ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho ku kigero kirenga 40%. Ingaruka z'ubufatanye bw'iyi "ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho by'isaha imwe" zatumye ibigo nka Zhejiang Jinmei bigumana ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho fatizo kuri 28%, kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije na 35% by'ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga.

2. Inyungu ku mikorere myiza y'impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga
Impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga ririmo kuvugurura imiterere y’ikiguzi cy’umusaruro mu nganda z’ibikoresho za Zhejiang. Igisubizo cya "N+X" cyakozwe na Weituo Intelligent for Yongkang enterprises cyafashije ibigo by’igerageza kongera umusaruro ku kigero cya 30%, kunoza ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho ku kigero cya 15%, no kugera ku buziranenge bw’ibikoresho 100%. Urugero, uruganda rukora valves muri Taizhou rwagabanyije abakozi barwo kuva kuri batandatu rugera kuri umwe nyuma yo gushyiraho umurongo w’umusaruro wikora, bizigama amafaranga arenga 800.000 y’abakozi ku mwaka kandi bigabanya igihe cyo gutunganya kuri buri gikoresho ku masegonda 22. Uku kunoza imikorere bivamo inyungu ku giciro—igiciro cy’uruganda rw’icyuma kidakoresha uburoso Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ikorerwa i Zhejiang ni 58% gusa by'ibicuruzwa bya Bosch bifite imiterere isa, nyamara bigumana inyungu ya 15%.

3. Imicungire myiza y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa
Muri rusange amasosiyete ya Zhejiang akoresha uburyo bwa JIT (Just-in-Time) bwo gukora, akoresha sisitemu ya ERP kugira ngo akurikirane ububiko bw’ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu gihe nyacyo, bigabanya igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa bitagurishijwe kuva kuri 15% bikagera munsi ya 5%. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Landa Group rya sisitemu yo gucunga no gukora ibikoresho bya 6S mu kigo byazamuye umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa kugeza ku nshuro 2.3 z’impuzandengo y’inganda kandi bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gukoresha imari shingiro ho 28%. Iri genzura rihamye rituma Zhejiang Tools igumana inyungu ku giciro no kwemeza ko itangwa ku gihe iyo ikora ku bicuruzwa bito kandi bikunze gutumirwa mu mahanga.

II. Kugereranya Ikizamini: Ihangana ry'Imikorere hagati y'Ibicuruzwa Bikorerwa muri Zhejiang n'Ibirango Mpuzamahanga

Inyungu ku giciro ntacyo zimaze iyo hatabayeho inkunga y'imikorere. Twatoranyije ibikoresho 12 mu byiciro bine: ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi (imashini zikoresha litiyumu-iyoni, imashini zikoresha insinga) n'ibikoresho byo mu busitani (Ibikoresho byo gukata, imashini zo kogosha ubwatsi). Dushingiye ku bipimo ngenderwaho bya ISO n'ibipimo by'ibizamini bya GB/T 6866-2008, twakoze ibizamini 32 by'imikorere muri laboratwari y'Ikigo cy'Ubugenzuzi n'Ingoboka cya Beijing, dusuzuma imiterere y'ingenzi nko gutwara imizigo, kuramba kwayo, n'igihe bateri imara.

1. Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi: Iterambere ribiri mu buzima bw'amashanyarazi n'ubw'ingufu

Mu cyiciro cya screwdriver n'imashini zikoresha uburoso za lithium-ion, Zhejiang Dayi 40-65 iragaragara cyane. Moteri yayo ya 1200W idafite uburoso itanga torque ya 65N·m. Mu igerageza ryo gucukura umwobo mu giti cya pinusi gifite ubugari bwa mm 40, yageze ku muvuduko wa 23% ugereranije na Bosch GSB 550, icukura icyuma gifite ubugari bwa mm 6 mu masegonda 2.5 gusa. Icy'ingenzi kurushaho ni ubuzima bwa bateri yayo. Kubera ikoranabuhanga rya ETB ryo kuzigama ingufu, bateri yayo ya 2.0Ah itanga amasaha 4.2 yo gukora mu gihe cy'imizigo myinshi, ikaba yariyongereyeho 46% ugereranyije na Makita DF031D idafite umugozi, nyamara igiciro ni 42% gusa by'iyi ya nyuma.

Mu rwego rwo gupima amashanyarazi, ibicuruzwa bya Zhejiang DeChuang Intelligent bifite patenti bigaragaza imbaraga zabyo mu ikoranabuhanga. Imiterere ya moteri yayo ikoresha amashanyarazi idakoresha amashanyarazi yatumye ubushyuhe bwa moteri buzamuka munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 45 kandi igera kuri zeru mu bizamini 1,000 byikurikiranya byo gufunga bolt, mu gihe ibicuruzwa bisa n’ibyo byo mu bwoko bw’i Burayi byahuye n’ibibazo bitatu byo kurinda ubushyuhe bukabije. Mu igerageza ry’ubuziranenge bwa torque, ibicuruzwa bya DeChuang byagize ikosa rya ± 2%, bihuza n’ibipimo bya TTI ku bicuruzwa bisa, ariko ku giciro gito cya 35%.

2. Ibikoresho byo mu busitani: Kuramba no gukoresha neza bihuye n'ibipimo ngenderwaho

Amakuru yapimwe aturuka mu nganda zikata imisatsi agaragaza iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga mu nganda za Zhejiang. Inganda zikata imisatsi y’imirongo ine zakozwe n’ikigo cya Jinhua zifite icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gifite ubukana bwa HRC 58. Nyuma y’ibizamini 500 byo gukata ku mashami ya mm 5 y’umurambararo, ikosa ryo gukata ryari ≤0.3mm, kandi imbaraga zo gukata zari 7% gusa, zirenze igipimo cya 10% gisabwa n’ibipimo bya GB/T 6866-2008. Yanageze ku isuzuma ry’amasaha 240 ryo gusukura umunyu nta ngese, rirenze cyane igipimo cy’inganda cy’amasaha 48. Ibi bituma igereranywa n’ibicuruzwa bya Stihl byo mu Budage, ariko ku giciro cya 60% gusa.

Kugereranya imashini zo kogosha imifuka, Zhejiang Tmax Imodeli z'inganda zigaragaza ibyiza byo guhuza uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho. Moteri yayo yakozwe ku giti cyayo yashoboye gukoresha lisansi ya 2.1L/h mu gihe cy'igeragezwa ry'amasaha ane ryo gukora imizigo idasibangana, iri munsi ya 18% ugereranije n'ikirango cy'Abayapani. Kwihutisha umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bigenzurwa kuri 2.3m/s², hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'amabwiriza y'imashini za EU 2006/42/EC. Binyuze mu kugenzura umusaruro w'ikoranabuhanga, ibice by'ingenzi by'iyi modeli bifite igipimo cyo gutsinda cya 99.2%, naho igipimo cyo gutsindwa nyuma yo kugurisha ni 1.5% gusa.

3. Kugereranya Ibipimo by'Ingenzi by'Imikorere (Gukoresha Imyitozo ya Lithium-Ion nk'Urugero)

Ibipimo by'imikorere: Ikirango cya Zhejiang (Dayi 40-65) Ikirango Mpuzamahanga A (Bosch GSB550) Ikirango Mpuzamahanga B (Makita DF031D) Akarusho k'Ikirango cya Zhejiang
Torque ntarengwa (N · m) 65 55 60 + 18.2%
Umuvuduko wo gucukura (Isahani y'icyuma ya mm 6/isegonda) 2.5 3.1 2.8 -19.4%
Ubuzima bwa bateri (2.0Ah/Isaha) 4.2 3.8 2.9 +44.8%
Uburemere (kg) 1.0 1.3 1.1 -23.1%
Ikizamini cyo gusuka umunyu (Amasaha) 120 150 130 -20.0%
Igiciro cy'isoko (USD) 89 175 168 -49.1%

III. Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'igenzura: Pasiporo ya Zhejiang Manufacturing yo kugera ku rwego rw'isi

Impungenge z’ingenzi z’abaguzi mpuzamahanga ku bikoresho by’ibikoresho ntiziri mu bushobozi bw’ibiciro gusa, ahubwo zirimo no kubahiriza amategeko no kudahindagurika kw’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa. Ibigo by’ibikoresho bya Zhejiang bimaze igihe kinini biva ku kubahiriza amategeko bidakora cyane bijya ku buyobozi bukora neza.

1. Ubufasha rusange ku mpamyabumenyi mpuzamahanga
Zhejiang Jinmei Electric Tools, uruganda rukumbi ku isi rwageze ku gipimo gishya cya GS, rufite ibyemezo byinshi, birimo CE, EMC, ETL, UL, na ROHS. Landa Group yabonye patenti hafi 200, iyobora cyangwa yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’amahame 26 y’inganda z’igihugu, kandi kaseti zayo zo gupima ibyuma zahawe ibyemezo mpuzamahanga 12, harimo n’ibyavuye muri FDA na FCC. Ubu bushobozi bwuzuye bwo kubahiriza amategeko butuma ibikoresho bya Zhejiang byinjira mu buryo butaziguye hejuru ya 90% by’isoko ry’isi, bikuraho ko hakenewe ibizamini cyangwa impinduka.

2. Sisitemu Isanzwe yo Kugenzura Ubuziranenge
Muri rusange amasosiyete ya Zhejiang yashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura imbere burenze amahame mpuzamahanga. Dufashe urugero rw'ibikoresho byo mu busitani, uretse kuzuza ibisabwa by'ibanze bya GB/T 6866-2008, amasosiyete menshi yongeyeho ibizamini byo kumara umunaniro (10^7 cycles) n'ibizamini byo kwirinda ubushuhe (98% RH/168 hours). Uruganda rukora planer rufite impande enye muri Jinhua rukoresha igishushanyo mbonera cy'agasanduku k'ubushyuhe buhoraho kagenzura ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere kugeza kuri ±2°C, bigatuma igihe cyo kumara ibikoresho kigera ku masaha 120, bikaba byarazamutseho 50% ugereranyije n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda.

3. Igenzura ry'uruhererekane rw'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga kandi bifasha mu gusubiza ibintu mu buryo
Impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga zongereye imbaraga mu micungire y’ibikoresho bya Zhejiang. Isosiyete "iyoboye" i Yongkang, ikoresha urubuga rwa interineti rw’inganda, yageze ku musaruro w’ubufatanye n’abatanga ibicuruzwa barenga 100 bo mu nganda n’abo mu nganda, igabanya igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa kuva ku minsi 30 kugera ku minsi 12 kandi yitabira ibyo yatumije byihutirwa ku kigero cya 72% kurusha ibigo mpuzamahanga. Mu gihe cyo kugura ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi mu Burayi mu 2025, isosiyete ya Zhejiang, binyuze mu gushyira ibikoresho byo mu mahanga mu buryo butunguranye, yageze ku masaha 72 yo kohereza ibicuruzwa ku masoko nka Ubufaransa na Esipanye, irenga cyane impuzandengo y’iminsi 15 y’ibigo mpuzamahanga.

IV. Inzira yo gufata ibyemezo byo kugura: Uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho bya Zhejiang bihendutse kandi bigura amafaranga

Ku baguzi, guhitamo neza ni ingenzi mu kugenzura ibiciro no kunoza imikorere.

Dushingiye ku makuru yageragejwe mu murima ndetse n'ibitekerezo by'isoko, dutanga inama zo kugura ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Ubwubatsi bw'umwuga (Bukoreshwa kenshi, bufite akazi gakomeye)
Shyira imbere ibicuruzwa bifite moteri zitagira uburoso hamwe na sisitemu zo kugenzura imizigo zikoresheje ubwenge, nka za french za Zhejiang Dechuang zikoresha torque na Sanfeng Industrial zikoresha ubwatsi bukomeye. Ibi bicuruzwa bitanga umutekano uhoraho ugereranije n'ibigo mpuzamahanga bikomeye kandi bitanga ikiguzi cyo kugabanyaho 40% nyuma yo kugurisha. Shaka ikimenyetso cya "Made in Zhejiang", gisaba ko igipimo cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa kigera kuri 99%.

2. Gukora mu rugo (Byoroshye kandi bitwara)
Moderi zoroheje nka Dayi 40-65 lithium-ion cordless drill ni zo nziza kurusha izindi. Uburemere bwazo bwa 1.0kg gusa n'imiterere ngufi ya 145mm bituma ziba nziza cyane mu gukorera ahantu hafunganye. Zifite ikoranabuhanga ryo gusharija ryihuse cyane (ryongera gusharija mu minota 3), zishobora guhaza ikoreshwa ry’igihe gito, rigatanga igipimo cy’ibiciro n’imikorere kirenze kure icy’ibirango mpuzamahanga bisa.

3. Kubungabunga ubusitani (Kuramba no kurwanya ingese)
Shyira imbere ibicuruzwa ukoresheje nibura amasaha 200 yo gusuzuma umunyu, nk'imikeri yo gukata yakozwe na Jinhua ifite umurongo une. Ibi bikoresho bikoresha urwego rudashira rw'icyuma cya tungsten hamwe n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ituruka mu mahanga, bigatuma igipimo cyo gutsindwa kigera kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe biri mu turere dushyuha kandi dufite ivumbi. Ku baguzi bo mu turere dushyuha, hari ubwoko bwihariye bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe na moteri zifite ubushyuhe bugera kuri 120°C.

Umwanzuro: Byakorewe i Zhejiang, Bisobanura Agaciro k'Ibikoresho

Amakuru agaragara ku isi agaragaza neza ko ibikoresho bya Zhejiang byataye agaciro k’ “igiciro gito kandi cy’ubuziranenge” kandi byinjiye mu gihe gishya cy’imikorere myiza, inyungu ku giciro, no kubahiriza amategeko yose. Kuva ku nganda za Yongkang kugeza ku nganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga, kuva kuri moteri zidafite patenti kugeza kuri sisitemu yuzuye yo kubahiriza amategeko, inganda za Zhejiang zirimo kuvugurura imiterere y’isoko ry’ibikoresho ku isi hamwe n’inyungu zabyo zishingiye ku buryo buhamye.

Ku baguzi bagura ibikoresho bya Zhejiang, guhitamo ibikoresho bya Zhejiang ntabwo bikiri ubwumvikane; ni icyemezo gishingiye ku makuru—kugeza ku musaruro ungana cyangwa ndetse no ku rwego rwo hejuru mu gihe bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kugura ku kigero cya 30%-50%.

Made in Zhejiang irimo kuba igipimo gishya cyo gukoresha neza ibiciro mu kugura ibikoresho ku isi.

Twakira abaguzi b'ibikoresho n'abafite uburenganzira bwo kubikoresha baturutse impande zose z'isi kugira ngo bamenye ikirango cyacu - Tmaxtool.

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