Ibintu bitandatu by'ingenzi bituma ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byiyongera mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika

Ibintu bitandatu by'ingenzi bituma ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byiyongera mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika

1. Ibikorwaremezo n'ubwiyongere bw'imijyi: Ubusabe bw'ubwubatsi bw'ubuhanga mu masoko ari gutera imbere bukomeje kwiyongera
2. Kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga mu nganda: Ubuhanga mu gukora ibikoresho by’umwuga butuma habaho kongera gukoresha ibikoresho by’umwuga
3. Izamuka ry'ikoreshwa rya DIY: Gutanga icyifuzo cyo kunoza imikorere y'umuryango w'abantu bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati
4. Kwagura Inganda Nshya z'Ingufu: Ibikoresho byihariye bifungura inzira nshya zo gukura
5. Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga: Ikoranabuhanga ridafite insinga n'ubwenge rihindura imiterere y'imbaraga z'ibicuruzwa
6. Politiki n'amahame ngenderwaho: Iyubahirizwa ry'ibidukikije ryihutisha ivugururwa ry'isoko

I. Ibikorwaremezo n'iterambere ry'imijyi: Ubusabe bw'ubwubatsi bw'ubuhanga mu masoko ari gutera imbere bukomeje kwiyongera

Akarere ka Aziya na Pasifika kari mu gihe cyiza cy’ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo, cyane cyane iterambere ry’ubwubatsi mu busubuko bw’Amajyepfo y’Amajyepfo na Aziya y’Epfo, ryabaye moteri y’ingenzi y’ikenerwa ry’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi. Dukurikije amakuru y’inganda, umushinga w’ubwubatsi w’umujyi mushya wa Indoneziya wongereye ku ikenerwa ry’ibikoresho by’umwuga nka Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazis no gukata imashini ku kigero cya 35%, mu gihe gahunda y’Ubuhinde ya "Smart City" yateje imbere ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo by’imihanda minini na gari ya moshi, bituma igihuguigikoresho cy'amashanyarazi Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga biziyongeraho 23.7% ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize muri 2023.

Mu gihe cyo gutera imbere mu mijyi, kuri buri kigero cy’izamuka rya 1 ku ijana ry’umubare w’abaturage batuye mu mijyi mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika, icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu rwego rw’ubwubatsi n’imitako kiyongeraho hafi 4.2%. Iki gice giteganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 48 z’amadolari mu 2025, bingana na 35% by’ibikenewe ku isi. Imishinga yo kwagura icyambu no kuvugurura ibibuga by’indege mu bihugu nka Viyetinamu na Maleziya, ndetse no kuvugurura inyubako z’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro muri Ositaraliya, byarushijeho kwagura uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bikomeye nka Imashini yo gusya ingunis n'imashini zicukura beto, bituma buri mwaka umubare w'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi by'umwuga byiyongeraho 7.2 ku ijana mu masoko ari kuzamuka.

II. Kuvugurura ikoranabuhanga mu nganda: Ubuhanga mu gukora ibikoresho by’umwuga butuma habaho ivugurura ry’ibikoresho by’umwuga

Ingano y’inganda 4.0 irimo gutuma inganda zo muri Aziya na Pasifika zihinduka zigana ku buryo bwikora kandi bunoze, bikongera cyane icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu nganda. Ingano y’isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu nganda biteganijwe ko izarenga miliyari 35 z’amadolari mu 2025, aho akarere ka Aziya na Pasifika kazagira uruhare rurenga 50% by’iterambere ryiyongera. Igipimo cy’iterambere rya 31.5% ry’inganda zikora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa, kuvugurura imikorere y’imodoka zo muri Koreya y’Epfo, no kwaguka kw’inganda z’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga muri Tayilande nibyo bintu by’ingenzi bitera imbere.

Mu nganda zikora imodoka, ibikoresho bikoresha amashanyarazi, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gukoresha torque ya ± 3%, byasimbuye 60% by’ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoresha umwuka, mu gihe icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho bitanga ibyuma bipima neza mu kirere kirimo kwiyongeraho hejuru ya 40% buri mwaka. Gukoresha ibikoresho bikoresha ikoranabuhanga ni ingenzi cyane; ibikoresho bikoresha sensors na IoT bishobora gutuma amakuru akurikiranwa neza ndetse no kuburira amakosa. Gukoresha imashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga zikomoka ku bigo nka Bosch na Makita mu nganda zabo za Aziya na Pasifika byagabanyije igipimo cy’amakosa ho 30%, kandi igipimo cy’ibi bikoresho bigezweho mu nganda cyitezweho kurenga 65% mu 2030.

III. Izamuka ry'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho byo kwikorera: Gutanga serivisi zo gufasha imiryango y'abantu bo mu cyiciro cyo hagati

Ukwaguka kw'abaturage bo mu rwego rwo hagati n'ubwiyongere bw'amafaranga yinjira mu ngo mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika biri gutera iterambere rikomeye ku isoko rya DIY (gusana no kuvugurura amazu). Raporo ya LinkedIn igaragaza ko CAGR y'isoko ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu ngo bitagira insinga muri Aziya na Pasifika izakomeza kuba hejuru kuva mu 2024 kugeza mu 2033, aho igipimo cy'ibikoresho nk'imashini zikoresha umuriro n'ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi kigera kuri 72%, naho igipimo cy'ibikoresho byo mu ngo bitagira insinga kirenga 60% mu Buyapani na Ositaraliya.

Gukoresha cyane urubuga rw’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti byagabanyije cyane inzitizi ku ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho. Imiyoboro y’ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti yo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba yaguze miliyoni nyinshi z’amayuan mu kugurisha ibikoresho mu munsi umwe, mu gihe imiryango mito yo mu Buhinde na Indoneziya ikunda kurangiza imishinga mito yo kuvugurura ubwayo, bigatuma kugurisha ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bigendanwa byiyongeraho 18% buri mwaka. Iri hinduka mu byo abaguzi bakunda ryanatumye ibicuruzwa bivugururwa. Ibikoresho bifite imiterere yoroheje (magnesium alloy bodies ingana na 40%) n’imiterere y’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigira igiciro cya 15-20%, biba ahantu heza ho kunguka ku bakinnyi.

IV. Kwagura Inganda Nshya z'Ingufu: Ibikoresho byihariye byafunguye inzira nshya zo gukura

Iterambere ry’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu n’imishinga y’ingufu zisubira ryatumye isoko ry’ibikoresho by’ingufu bishya muri Aziya na Pasifika rikura. Ingano y’isoko mpuzamahanga ry’ibikoresho byihariye byo gusana imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu biteganijwe ko izagera kuri miliyari 21 z’amadolari mu 2025. Imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu miliyoni 40 mu Bushinwa, kwagura inganda zikoresha bateri muri Koreya y’Epfo, n’inganda zitunganya module za photovoltaic zo muri Tayilande byatumye habaho ibyiciro bishya nko gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukuraho bateri n’ibikoresho byo gupima insulation bifite ingufu nyinshi, aho igipimo cy’izamuka ry’umwaka kingana na 42%.

Mu rwego rw'ingufu zikomoka kuri photovoltaic n'iz'umuyaga, imishinga yo kubaka uruganda rw'amashanyarazi muri Viyetinamu na Maleziya irimo gutuma hakenerwa cyane ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu bwoko bwa installation. Ingano y'isoko ry'ibikoresho byihariye bifitanye isano biteganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 5.8 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2025, hamwe n'ibikoresho by'umwuga bifite urwego rwo gukingira ruri hejuru ya 1000V birenga 64%. Ibi bintu bishyiraho ibisabwa byinshi ku mutekano n'ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho, bikongera isoko ry'ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi bigatanga amahirwe atandukanye yo guhangana n'inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga.

V. Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga: Ikoranabuhanga ridafite insinga n'ubwenge rihindura uburyo ibicuruzwa bihangana

Iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya bateri ya lithium no kuvugurura mu buryo bw'ubwenge byabaye impamvu z'ingenzi zituma ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byiyongera mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika. Mu 2025, isoko ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya lithium-ion ku isi rizarenga 65%, aho kwinjira nta mugozi bizagera kuri 59%. Akarere ka Aziya na Pasifika, gakoresheje inyungu zo gutanga bateri ya lithium, kayoboye igipimo cy'iterambere ku isi (izamuka rya 7.2 ku ijana buri mwaka).

Iterambere ry'ingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga rigaragarira mu bintu bibiri: Icya mbere, kwiyongera k'ubucucike bw'ingufu. Ubucucike bw'ingufu za bateri za lithium bwiyongereye kuva kuri 200Wh/kg mu 2019 kugera kuri 320Wh/kg mu 2025, byongera igihe cyo gukora ku gusharija rimwe inshuro 2.3. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusharija ryihuse rigabanya igihe cyo gusharija kugeza munsi y'iminota 15. Icya kabiri, ikiguzi cyagabanutse. Igiciro cya bateri za lithium cyagabanutseho 42%, bigabanya itandukaniro ry'ibiciro hagati y'ibikoresho bya lithium-ion n'ibikoresho bifatanye n'insinga kugeza ku nshuro 1.2-1.5, bityo bikongera isoko ryihariye ibiciro. Guhuza ikoranabuhanga ni ingenzi cyane. Muri 2024, ibikoresho bigezweho bifite module za Bluetooth/WiFi byari bifite 28% by'isoko, bituma habaho kugenzura kure, gukoresha ingufu neza, n'ibindi bikorwa, bikongera agaciro k'impuzandengo ku gipimo cya 30-40%. Igipimo cyo kwinjira kw'ibikoresho bigezweho biteganijwe kurenga 65% mu 2030.

VI. Politiki n'Amahame Bishingiye ku Iyubahirizwa ry'Iyubahirizwa ry'Ibidukikije Bihutisha Ivugurura ry'Isoko

Kuzamura amategeko agenga ibidukikije ku isi n’amahame agenga umutekano biri gutuma habaho impinduka mu miterere y’isoko ry’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi muri Aziya na Pasifika, mu gihe binatanga amahirwe yo gukura ku bicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa. Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi rishinzwe ibidukikije (ESPRE) risaba ko hapimwa ingano y’ibicuruzwa bishobora guhumanya ikirere mu gihe cyose cy’ubuzima bwabyo, mu gihe amahame ya OSHA yo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru abuza ikoreshwa ry’insinga ku bwubatsi, bikihutisha mu buryo butaziguye gusimbuza ibikoresho bishaje ibikoresho bidafite insinga n’ibikoresha ingufu nke mu karere ka Aziya na Pasifika. Bayobowe na politiki yo kugabanya izamuka rya karuboni, Ubushinwa na Koreya y’Epfo barimo gusaba ko ibikoresho bishaje bifite ingufu nke bingana na 35% by’ibicuruzwa byabo, intego ikaba ari uko 45% byo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bitarenze umwaka wa 2030. Ibihugu byo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba, kugira ngo bikurure ishoramari mu nganda, nabyo biri kugenda bihuza buhoro buhoro n’amahame mpuzamahanga agenga ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, bitera inkunga gusimbuza ibikoresho bishaje.

Nubwo kubahiriza politiki byongera inzitizi zo kwinjira mu nganda, binakuraho ubushobozi budakora neza kandi bushaje bwo gukora, bigatanga amahirwe yo kwagura isoko ku bigo bifite ikoranabuhanga rihagije (nk'ibicuruzwa abakora hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rikoresha urusaku ruke n'ingufu nke). Isoko ry'ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa riteganijwe kwiyongera kugeza kuri 78% hagati ya 2025 na 2030.

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