Kodi Alimi Amasinthasintha Bwanji ndi Dothi Losiyanasiyana: Malangizo Aukadaulo ndi Othandiza

Monga chofunikira makina a zaulimi, chogwirira ntchito chogwirira ntchito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posamalira mbewu m'munda, kuphatikizapo ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kupalira udzu, kumasula nthaka ndi kuwononga nthaka. Komabe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka ndi mikhalidwe ikupereka zofunikira zosiyanasiyana kuti makina ogwirira ntchito azitha kugwira ntchito bwino. Nkhaniyi ifufuza momwe chogwirira ntchito chingasinthire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka posintha zigawo zake zofunika komanso magawo ogwirira ntchito, motero kuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi ubwino.

Choyamba, kapangidwe koyambira ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya mlimi
Mlimi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zofunika izi:
Chikwama: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika ndikuthandizira zigawo zina.
Zigawo zogwirira ntchito: monga makasu, mapulawu, ndi zodulira nthaka, ndi zina zotero, zimakumana mwachindunji ndi nthaka kuti zigwire ntchito monga kumasula, kupalira udzu, ndi kukumba nthaka.
Dongosolo lotumizira mphamvu: Nthawi zambiri imayendetsa zida zogwirira ntchito kudzera mu shaft yotulutsa mphamvu (PTO) ya thirakitala kapena mota ya hydraulic.
Njira yopangira mbiri: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi kugwedezeka kwa nthaka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zogwirira ntchito zitha kulowa bwino m'nthaka.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya mlimi ndi yakuti amakokedwa ndi thirakitala, ndipo zigawo zake zogwirira ntchito zimayikidwa m'nthaka kuti amalize ntchito monga kumasula nthaka, kupalira udzu, ndi kukumba nthaka. Mwachitsanzo, chodulira nthaka chimaphwanya nthaka pozungulira mofulumira kwambiri, pomwe pulawo la nthaka limakankhira nthaka ku mizu ya mbewu, ndikupanga mawonekedwe oyenera a phiri.

Chachiwiri, mavuto a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka imabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana pa ntchito ya intertillers:
Dothi la mchenga: Ili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tambiri komanso mpweya wabwino, koma madzi ake sagwira bwino ntchito ndipo nthawi zambiri imaphwanyika. Chomera chothirira nthaka chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yolimba yophwanyira nthaka kuti nthaka ikhale yomasuka.
Dongo: Ili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso madzi abwino osunga, koma mpweya wake sulowa bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri imapanga zipolopolo zolimba. Mlimi ayenera kukhala ndi luso lodula nthaka bwino komanso kuya koyenera kuti achepetse kukhuthala kwa nthaka.
Loam: Ili ndi kapangidwe kabwino, mpweya wabwino wolowa komanso madzi osungira, ndipo ndi yoyenera kukula kwa mbewu zambiri. Kugwira ntchito kwa intertiller mu nthaka ya loam n'kosavuta, koma magawo ogwirira ntchito amafunikabe kusinthidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zinazake.

Chachitatu, njira yosinthira makina olima pakati
Kuti zigwirizane ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka, cholima akhoza kusintha magawo ake ogwirira ntchito ndi makonzedwe a zigawo m'njira zotsatirazi:
1. Sinthani kuya kwa kulima
Kuzama kwa kulima ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza momwe intertiller imagwirira ntchito. Mwa kusintha malo oyika mawilo owunikira kapena zinthu zogwirira ntchito, kuzama kwa kulowa kwa intertillator m'nthaka kungasinthidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu dothi, kuzama kwa kulima kumafunika kuti nthaka isaume; Mu dothi lonyowa la mchenga, kuzama kwa kulima kungachepe moyenera kuti nthaka isamasulidwe kwambiri zomwe zingachititse kuti madzi ataye.

2. Sankhani zigawo zoyenera zogwirira ntchito
Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito ndizoyenera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka ndi zofunikira pa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, makasu ndi mafosholo ndizoyenera kumasula nthaka yosaya komanso kuchotsa udzu, pomwe milu ya nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mawonekedwe oyenera a mapiri. Mu nthaka ya mchenga, zida zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi mano otanuka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukulitsa mphamvu yogawa nthaka.

3. Sinthani malo ndi ngodya ya zigawo zogwirira ntchito
Kutalikirana ndi Ngodya ya zigawo zogwirira ntchito zimakhudza momwe ntchito ya intertiller imagwirira ntchito. Mu dothi, mtunda wa zigawo zogwirira ntchito ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa moyenera kuti uchepetse kukhuthala kwa nthaka. Mu dothi la mchenga, mtunda ukhoza kuchepetsedwa moyenera kuti nthaka imasulidwe mofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, posintha Ngodya ya zigawo zogwirira ntchito, kuthekera kwawo kulowa m'nthaka kungasinthidwe kuti kugwirizane ndi kuuma kosiyanasiyana kwa nthaka.

4. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yopezera mbiri
Njira yowunikira imalola zigawo zogwirira ntchito kukwera ndi kugwa pamodzi ndi ma undulations a nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zilowe bwino m'nthaka. M'minda yosalinganika, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira kungathandize kwambiri kugwira ntchito bwino kwa ma intertillers ndikuchepetsa kusalinganika kwa ntchito zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ma undulations a nthaka.

Chachinayi, kukonza ndi kusamalira
Kuti mlimi agwire bwino ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kusamalira ndi kusamalira nthawi zonse n'kofunika kwambiri. Nazi njira zina zodziwika bwino zosamalira ndi kusamalira:
Kuyeretsa: Chotsani dothi ndi udzu wosakanikirana nthawi zonse kuchokera kuzinthu zogwirira ntchito kuti mupewe kutsekeka ndi kuwonongeka.
Mafuta odzola: Pakani mafuta nthawi zonse pa makina otumizira magetsi ndi njira yowunikira kuti muchepetse kukangana pakati pa zigawo.
Kuyendera: Yang'anani nthawi zonse kutha kwa zinthu zomwe zikugwira ntchito ndipo musinthe zomwe zatha kwambiri nthawi yake.
Kusintha: Malinga ndi mtundu wa nthaka ndi zofunikira pa ntchito, nthawi zonse sinthani magawo ogwirira ntchito a intertiller kuti muwonetsetse kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda bwino.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira nthawi zonse kungathandize kwambiri kuti mlimi azitha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso bwino.

Chachisanu, Mapeto
Monga chofunikira makina a zaulimi, chogwirira ntchito cholumikizirana chimatha kusintha bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka mwa kusintha zigawo zake zofunika ndi magawo ogwirira ntchito, motero chimawonjezera magwiridwe antchito ndi ubwino. Kaya ndi mchenga, dongo kapena loam, makina olumikizirana amatha kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka imamasuka komanso kuchotsedwa udzu mofanana mwa kusintha kuya kwa kulima, kusankha magawo oyenera ogwirira ntchito, kusintha malo ndi ngodya ya magawo ogwirira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira mawonekedwe. Mwa kumvetsetsa mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi njira yosinthira ya chogwirira ntchito, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusankha bwino ndikugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yolima, ndikupanga malo abwino oti nthaka ikule.