Isoko ry'i Burayi: Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya REACH bisabwe ku isoko

Isoko ry'i Burayi: Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya REACH bisabwe ku isoko

Ku baguzi b’inzobere ku isi mu bucuruzi bunini, kugera ku isoko ry’i Burayi biracyari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu igenamigambi ry’uruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa byabo. REACH (Itegeko (EC) No 1907/2006 ku Iyandikisha, Isuzuma, Uruhushya no Kugabanya Ibinyabutabire), inkingi y’ifatizo mu kugenzura ibinyabutabire by’i Burayi, ikubiyemo ibintu bya chimique mu bikoresho byose bikoreshwa mu bikoresho by’amashanyarazi, kuva ku bice by’icyuma n’udusanduku twa pulasitiki kugeza ku bikoresho bya rubber na bateri. Guhitamo ikirango kigendera kuri REACH si ngombwa gusa mu kwirinda gutinda kwemererwa kwa gasutamo no kongera kwiyandikisha ku isoko, ahubwo ni ingenzi no gukomeza kwizera abakiriya bo hasi. Iyi nkuru izasesengura ibisabwa by’ingenzi mu kubahiriza REACH, itange inama ku bicuruzwa bikomeye bya REACH, kandi igaragaze ibyiza bitandukanye byo ikirango cya Tmaxtool, gutanga ingero z'umwuga ku byemezo byo kugura ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi bunini.

I. Isoko ry'Uburayi: "Pasiporo yo Kubona Isoko" ku Bikoresho by'Ingufu

REACH si icyemezo kimwe cy’ibicuruzwa runaka, ahubwo ni urwego rw’igenzura ry’ibinyabutabire mu "bintu" byose byinjira ku isoko ry’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi. Ibisabwa by’ingenzi ni byo bigena mu buryo butaziguye niba ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bishobora gukwirakwizwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko.

Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amategeko, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bigomba kuzuza inshingano eshatu z'ingenzi: Iya mbere, kugenzura ibiyobyabwenge. Gukoresha ibintu birenga 200 bibujijwe bivugwa mu Mugereka wa XVII (nk'asbestos na phthalate zimwe na zimwe) birabujijwe cyane. Niba ikoreshwa ryabyo ari ingenzi ku mikorere yabyo, hagomba kubahirizwa amabwiriza akomeye yo gukoresha no gukoresha. Iya kabiri, inshingano zo kumenyesha SVHC. Niba ibicuruzwa birimo ibintu bifite impungenge cyane (SVHC) ku gipimo kirenze 0.1% n'ingano y'ikoreshwa ku mwaka irenga toni 1, itangazo rigomba gushyikirizwa Ikigo cy'Uburayi gishinzwe imiti (ECHA) kandi urupapuro rw'amakuru y'umutekano (SDS) rugomba gutangwa ku bakoresha bo munsi y'amazi. Iya gatatu, inshingano zikomeje zo kubahiriza amategeko zisaba gukurikirana urutonde rwa SVHC rwa ECHA (kuri ubu rugera ku bintu 233), ruvugururwa buri mezi atandatu, kugira ngo hakosorwe vuba imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya.

Ku baguzi bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi, agaciro k’amategeko ya REACH karenze kure uburyo bwo kubona isoko: Dukurikije imibare ya za gasutamo z’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, agaciro k’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byafatiwe mu gihe REACH itubahiriza amategeko kageze kuri miliyoni 120 z’amayero mu 2024. Iyo ibicuruzwa bitubahiriza amategeko byinjiye ku isoko, abaguzi bacibwa amande agera kuri 4% by’amafaranga binjiza buri mwaka. Kubwibyo, guhitamo ikirango gifite uburyo bwuzuye bwo kubahiriza amategeko ni ingenzi cyane mu kugabanya ibyago byo kugemura ibicuruzwa.

II. Isesengura ry'ibirango by'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bihuza REACH n'isoko ry'i Burayi

Mu bigo by’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bifite isoko rikomeye mu Burayi, ibyiciro bine bikurikira bifite umugabane munini bitewe n’uburyo bwabyo bwo kubahiriza amategeko bugezweho. Ariko, buri kigo gifite intego yacyo yihariye n’aho giherereye, bityo abaguzi bagomba kuzirikana ibyo bakeneye.

1. Ikirango cy’ingenzi ku rwego mpuzamahanga: Bosch
Nk'igipimo ngenderwaho ku isi mu nganda z'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, sisitemu ya Bosch yo kubahiriza REACH ikubiyemo ibicuruzwa byayo byose (Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazis, imashini zisya inguni, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, nibindi). Akamaro kayo k'ingenzi kari mu bushobozi bwayo bwo gucunga imiyoboro y'ibikoresho: Abatanga serivisi basabwa gutanga raporo z'ibizamini bya SVHC kuva ku cyiciro cyo kugura ibikoresho fatizo, kandi isuzuma ryuzuye ry'ibizamini rikorwa hakoreshejwe ihame rya IEC 62321 mu gihe cyo gukora. Inyandiko za tekiniki zubahiriza amategeko (harimo raporo z'ibizamini n'urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa) zigumana nibura imyaka 10, zubahiriza amabwiriza ya EU. Iki kirango gifite ubwinshi buhanitse bw'imiyoboro n'ikirango kizwi ku isoko ry'i Burayi, ariko ibiciro byacyo ku bucuruzi bunini akenshi biri hejuru ya 30%-40% ugereranyije n'impuzandengo y'inganda, kandi igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa cyacyo kingana n'ibyumweru 4-6. Ibi bituma kiba cyiza ku baguzi bashyira imbere ubwishyu bw'ibirango n'amasoko yo ku rwego rwo hejuru.

2. Ikirango cy'umwuga, cya tekiniki: DeWalt
DeWalt yibanda ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu nganda. Iyubahirizwa ryayo rya REACH rigaragarira mu kugenzura kwayo ibice bifite ibyago byinshi. Ku bice nka bateri n'ibikoresho byo gukingira moteri bishobora kwangizwa n'ibintu bigabanya umuriro na polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), isosiyete yashyizeho ubufatanye bwihariye na SGS Laboratories, ishyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo "gupima kabiri" (gupima ibikoresho fatizo byinjira no gusuzuma ibicuruzwa bya nyuma). Nubwo iki kigo gishimirwa cyane mu nzego zihariye nko kubaka no gukora, ibicuruzwa byacyo byibanda ku bikorwa byo mu nganda bigezweho, bigabanyiriza ubushobozi bwo kugura ibintu bito n'ibiciriritse.

3. Ikirango cyiza cyabayapani: Makita
Ibyiza bya Makita ku bijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko byibanda ku gice gito cy'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi (nk'uko Umuyoboro utagira insingas na screwdriver zikoresha amashanyarazi). Mu kunoza formula ya pulasitiki, igera kuri zeru ku bintu nka phthalate n'ibyuma biremereye. Ibipimo byinshi muri raporo zayo z'ibizamini bya REACH birenga imipaka y'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi. Iki kimenyetso gifite ubwinshi mu isoko ry'i Burayi rya DIY n'inganda nto zitunganya ibicuruzwa, ariko ubwumvikane ku biciro byo kugura ibintu byinshi ni buke, kandi serivisi zihariye zitinda.

4. Ikirango cy'inganda: Desoutter
Desoutter, inzobere mu bikoresho by’umwuka n’uburyo bwo gukaza, irakora neza mu kubahiriza REACH binyuze mu buryo bwo guhuza n’imikorere y’inganda zayo. Itanga inyandiko za SDS zihariye na raporo z’uburyo ibintu bikurikiranwa kugira ngo ihuze n’ibyo abakiriya bo mu rwego rwo hejuru bakeneye mu nganda zikora indege n’imodoka bakeneye. Ibicuruzwa byayo byahawe icyemezo cya REACH na TÜV Rheinland mu Budage, bituma ihangana cyane mu nganda zikora ibintu neza. Ariko, umurongo wayo muto w’ibicuruzwa utuma bigorana guhaza ibyo abantu bagura ku bucuruzi busesuye.

III. Tmaxtool: Ikirango cy’amahitamo cy’abaguzi ba REACH-Comliant

Mu bicuruzwa byinshi byubahiriza REACH, Tmaxtool's Uruvange rw'ibice bitatu by' "irushanwa, guhuza ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi, n'inyungu ku giciro" bituma iba amahitamo meza ku baguzi b'inzobere ku isi mu bucuruzi buciriritse. Sisitemu yayo yo kubahiriza amategeko ya REACH irenze kuzuza "ibisabwa by'ibanze" kugira ngo ikemure ibibazo by'ingenzi ku isoko ry'ubucuruzi bunini.

1. Gukurikiza amategeko ya REACH mu byiciro byose by'ibicuruzwa, bireba ibyo abantu bakeneye by'ingenzi mu bucuruzi

Iyubahirizwa rya REACH rya Tmaxtool rikubiyemo ibyiciro byose by'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, harimo imashini zisya inguni, inyundo zizunguruka, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, jigsaws, n'ibindi byiciro 12 by'ibicuruzwa bikomeye. Ibicuruzwa byose byatsinze igeragezwa ryihariye ryakozwe na laboratwari za TÜV SÜD, rikubiyemo ibimenyetso 18 by'ingenzi, harimo ibyuma biremereye (lead, cadmium, na mercure), phthalates, n'ibinyabutabire bya organotin. Ingano ya SVHC y'ibicuruzwa byose igenzurwa munsi ya 0.05%, munsi cyane y'umupaka usabwa wa 0.1%.
Kugira ngo hakemurwe "amatungo menshi ahuriweho" asanzwe mu kugura ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi bunini, Tmaxtool yatangije "Serivisi yo Gupakira Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko": inyandiko imwe irimo raporo z'ibizamini bya REACH, Itangazo ry'Ubuziranenge (DoC), na SDS ku bicuruzwa byose biri muri iryo tumanaho, binoroshya cyane inzira yo kwemererwa gucuruzwa muri gasutamo. Amakuru yo mu 2024 agaragaza ko igipimo cy'iyemewe gucuruzwa muri gasutamo mu Burayi ari 100% ku matungo ahuriweho, aho igihe cyo kwemererwa gucuruzwa muri gasutamo cyagabanijwe kikagera ku minsi itatu y'akazi.

2. Kureba mu buryo bworoshye iyubahirizwa ry'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kugura

Tmaxtool yashyizeho "sisitemu yo gusuzuma abatanga ibicuruzwa mu byiciro bitatu" ikomeye mu nganda: Abatanga ibicuruzwa mu cyiciro cya mbere basabwa gutanga raporo z'igenzura ry'amategeko ya REACH buri mwaka, abatanga ibicuruzwa mu cyiciro cya kabiri basabwa gutanga amakuru ya buri kwezi yo gupima ibikoresho fatizo bya SVHC, kandi ibice by'ingenzi (nk'amabateri n'udusanduku twa pulasitiki) bigengwa na sisitemu ya "gupima buri cyiciro". Amakuru yose ahujwe na sisitemu yo gukurikirana ibintu mu buryo bw'ibicu, yemerera abaguzi kubona amakuru yo gukurikirana ibintu ku gicuruzwa icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe nyacyo binyuze kuri konti yabugenewe. Ubu buryo buboneye bugabanya ibyago byo kubura icyuho mu itangwa ry'ibicuruzwa mu buryo bugurishwa. Urugero, mu 2024, itegeko ry'umuguzi ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Burayi ryagaragaye ko rifite SVHC nyinshi mu bikoresho biva ku kindi kirango. Ubushobozi bwa Tmaxtool bwo gutanga amakuru y'uburyo ibicuruzwa byose bikurikiranwa bwabujije ko ibicuruzwa byose bifungwa. Byongeye kandi, Tmaxtool yiyemeje kwishyura 120% by'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa mu gihe igihombo cyatewe n'ibibazo byayo byo kubahiriza amategeko, bitanga uburinzi bubiri ku baguzi.

3. Uburyo bwo kugurisha bukozwe mu buryo bwihariye buringaniza iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko n'ikiguzi.

Ugereranyije n’amafaranga menshi yishyurwa n’ibigo mpuzamahanga bikomeye, Tmaxtool igera ku izamuka ry’ibiciro binyuze mu "gipimo cyo kubahiriza amategeko." Ubufatanye bwayo bw’igihe kirekire na TÜV SÜD bugabanya ikiguzi cyo gupima ho 25%. Byongeye kandi, binyuze mu ruganda rwayo rwa metero kare 20.000 rukora ibintu bihuye n’amategeko, Tmaxtool ikwirakwiza ku buryo bungana ikiguzi cyo kubahiriza amategeko ya REACH mu musaruro mwinshi, bigatuma ibiciro ku bicuruzwa byose bingana na 60%-70% by’ibicuruzwa bisa n’ibikomoka ku bigo nka Bosch. Kugira ngo ihuze n’ibikenewe mu kugura ibicuruzwa byinshi, Tmaxtool itanga serivisi eshatu zihariye: Iya mbere, inkunga y’igerageza ry’ibicuruzwa bito, hamwe n’inyandiko zuzuye z’amategeko ziboneka ku bicuruzwa bito kugeza ku 10, zikemura ibibazo by’igerageza n’amakosa by’iterambere rishya ry’isoko; iya kabiri, imenyesha ku bijyanye n’amategeko, guha abaguzi amakuru mashya ku rutonde rwa SVHC amezi atatu mbere y’uko igihe kigera, bigatuma habaho igihe cyo guhindura ibicuruzwa; iya gatatu, serivisi ikorerwa mu gace runaka, ifite ikigo cya serivisi cyo kubahiriza amategeko i Düsseldorf, mu Budage, gitanga igisubizo cy’amasaha 24 ku bibazo byo kwemererwa ibicuruzwa bya gasutamo n’ibindi bisabwa by’inyongera ku nyandiko.

IV. Inzira y'Abaguzi Banini yo Guhitamo Ibirango Bikurikiza REACH

Hashingiwe ku miterere y'isoko ry'i Burayi n'ibyo umuguzi akeneye, hashobora gushyirwaho urwego rw'ibyemezo hashingiwe ku ngingo eshatu zikurikira:
Ingano z'ibyemezo: Ibirango bikuru mpuzamahanga (urugero, Bosch); Ibirango byihariye (urugero, Desvotel); Tmaxtool
Ubugenzuzi bw'Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko: Ibyiciro byuzuye by'ibicuruzwa, hibandwa ku byiciro byo hejuru; Ubugenzuzi bwimbitse bw'ibyiciro byihariye; Ubugenzuzi buringaniye bw'ibyiciro byose by'ibicuruzwa
Agaciro k'ibicuruzwa bigurishwa ku giciro gito: Hasi (igiciro cyo hejuru, igabanywa ry'amafaranga make); Hagati (igiciro cyo hejuru, ikiguzi cya serivisi); Hejuru (igiciro cyo hasi + serivisi y'ubuntu yo kubahiriza amategeko);
Guhindura uko ibintu bihagaze: Hasi (gutanga ibicuruzwa mu byumweru 4-6); Hagati (igihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa mu byumweru 2-3); Hejuru (gutanga ibicuruzwa mu byumweru 1-2 ku bicuruzwa bisanzwe);
Ingero z'amasoko zikenewe: Isoko ryo ku rwego rwo hejuru, inzira zihariye; Gutanga amasoko yihariye mu rwego rw'inganda zikora neza; Kugurisha ku bwinshi, amasoko mashya arimo iterambere
Ku baguzi bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi bashaka "kwizeza ko amategeko yubahirizwa, kugenzura ikiguzi, no koroshya serivisi," inyungu rusange za Tmaxtool ziragaragara cyane. Ihuza uburebure bw'amategeko y'ikirango mpuzamahanga n'ibikenewe mu bucuruzi bwinshi, itanga uburinganire bwiza hagati y'ibyago n'ibihembo.

V. Umwanzuro: Kuyubahiriza amategeko ni uguhangana

Bitewe n’uko itegeko rigenga ibidukikije mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’uburayi (ESPR) ryitezwe gushyirwa mu bikorwa byuzuye mu 2026, kubahiriza REACH byavuye ku nzitizi zijya ku nzitizi zijya ku nzitizi zihangana. Mu gihe cyo guhitamo ikirango, abaguzi bagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi ntibagomba kugenzura raporo z’ibizamini gusa, ahubwo bagomba no gusuzuma ubushobozi bw’ikirango bukomeje kubahiriza amategeko n’uburyo kijyana n’ibicuruzwa.

Tmaxtool, ifite imbaraga z'ingenzi zo "gukurikiza amategeko mu byiciro byose + gucunga mu mucyo + serivisi zihariye ku bucuruzi bwose," itanga ibisubizo byiza ku baguzi b'inzobere ku isi yose byo kwinjira ku isoko ry'i Burayi. Twandikire igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kugira ngo ubone raporo z'ibizamini bya REACH, ibiciro by'ibicuruzwa bigurishwa ku bucuruzi bwinshi, cyangwa ingero z'ibiciro bya gasutamo by'i Burayi ku murongo wacu wuzuye w'ibicuruzwa.