Ubuyobozi ku bicuruzwa by'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi birwanya ibihimbano

Ubuyobozi ku bicuruzwa by'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi birwanya ibihimbano

Mu bucuruzi bw’ibikoresho by’ingufu ku isi, ibicuruzwa by’impimbano byabaye ikibazo cyihishe ku nyungu n’izina ry’abaguzi. Amakuru y’inganda agaragaza ko ibyo bintu by’impimbano ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi Bitera inyungu, ibirego by'abakiriya, n'ibibazo by'ubwishingizi bw'ibirango, bigatera igihombo cy'ubukungu kirenga miliyari 10 z'amadolari buri mwaka. Ku bacuruzi b'inzobere mu bucuruzi bw'inzobere bibanda ku bufatanye bw'igihe kirekire no kugura ibicuruzwa byinshi, kumenya uburyo bwa siyansi bwo kumenya ibihimbano ntibifasha gusa kugabanya ibiciro by'ibihimbano ahubwo binashimangira ishingiro ry'ubufatanye n'abakiriya bo hasi. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma akaga k'ibicuruzwa by'impimbano kandi itange uburyo bwo kumenya ibintu mu buryo bufatika kandi bufatika kugira ngo ifashe abaguzi bo ku isi gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo gusuzuma ibihimbano.

I. Ingaruka eshatu z'ingenzi z'ibikoresho by'ingufu by'amahimbano ku bacuruzi bagurisha

Mbere yo gushora igihe mu kwiga uburyo bwo kumenya, gusobanukirwa ingaruka zihariye z’ibicuruzwa by’impimbano bizafasha abaguzi gushyira imbere akamaro ko kurwanya ibihimbano. Ku bacuruzi b’umwuga, ingaruka z’ibikoresho by’impimbano zirenze kure ikibazo cyo "ibicuruzwa bidakoreshwa"; bigaragaza ikibazo gikomeye cyiganje mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa, kuva ku kugura kugeza ku kugurisha no nyuma yo kugurisha.

Igihombo kidasubirwaho mu bukungu: Ibicuruzwa by'impimbano bikunze kwinjira ku isoko nk' "ibicuruzwa byigana ku giciro gito kandi byujuje ubuziranenge." Abacuruzi bagura ibi bicuruzwa mu buryo butari bwo bahura n'inyungu ziturutse ku bakiriya bo mu gace k'uburasirazuba ndetse n'ibirarane by'ibikoresho bitagurishwa. Mu bihe bibi kurushaho, imvune z'abakoresha ba nyuma ziterwa n'ibicuruzwa by'impimbano bitewe n'ubuziranenge zishobora gutuma habaho inshingano zo kwishyura hamwe.

Gusenyuka burundu kw'icyizere mu bufatanye bw'ibirango: Abaguzi nibavanga ibicuruzwa by'impimbano n'ibicuruzwa byemewe bakagurisha, igihe bakivumbuye n'abakiriya cyangwa ibirango, ntibazatakaza uburenganzira bw'igihe kirekire bw'ibirango gusa ahubwo bazavanwa mu matsinda y'abaguzi basanzwe bitewe n'"ibibazo by'ubunyangamugayo," bigira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubucuruzi rirambye.

Guhindura ibiciro nyuma yo kugurisha nta mupaka: Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi by'impimbano nta ngwate bigira nyuma yo kugurisha kandi bifite amahirwe menshi yo kwangirika kurusha ibicuruzwa by'ukuri. Abacuruzi bagurisha ibicuruzwa by'impimbano bagomba kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gusana no gusimbuza, mu gihe banahangana n'ibitekerezo bibi by'abakiriya no gutakaza icyizere. Ikiguzi cyo kugarura umukiriya gikurikiraho akenshi kiba kirenze inshuro eshatu ikiguzi cya mbere cy'ubufatanye bwa mbere.

II. Uburyo bwo kumenya ibintu mu buryo bufatika bw'intambwe enye: Kwirinda ibyago by'impimbano aho bikomoka

Bitewe n'imiterere y'ibicuruzwa by'amashanyarazi, bishimangira "ubukorikori buhanitse, ibimenyetso bikomeye, no gukurikirana neza," abacuruza ibicuruzwa mu bucuruzi bashobora gusuzuma vuba ibihimbano mu gihe cyo gutanga amasoko binyuze mu nzira y'intambwe enye zo "gusuzuma, kugenzura, kugenzura no kugenzura." Ibi bituma hamenyekana neza hatabayeho ibikoresho byihariye byo gupima.

1. Intambwe ya 1: "Itegereze Ibisobanuro Birambuye" - Menya amakosa ari mu gupakira no kugaragara

Ibikoresho by'impimbano akenshi ntibigira ubuhanga burambuye. Mu gihe uguze, banza urebe ko ari iby'ukuri:

Ifishi y'ikirango cy'impimbano: Ibirango by'impimbano by'ikirango cy'umwimerere bikunze gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "wino ikoresha ubushyuhe" cyangwa "holographic ya laser". Kanda ikirango n'intoki zawe kugira ngo gihindure ibara, hanyuma ukizunguruke kugira ngo ugaragaze imiterere yihariye ya holographic y'ikirango. Ibirango by'impimbano bikunze gukoresha icapiro risanzwe kandi ntibigira ingaruka zikomeye zo kurwanya impimbano. Icapiro ry'ikirango cy'umubiri: Ibikoresho by'ingufu by'umwimerere bifite ibyuma by'umubiri (bigaragaza icyitegererezo, voltage, umubare w'itsinda, n'andi makuru) byashushanyijwe cyangwa byashushanyijwe na laser, bifite impande zisobanutse kandi zoroshye zirinda gushwanyaguzwa n'urutoki. Ibicuruzwa by'impimbano bikunze gukoresha icapiro rya ecran, bigatuma inyuguti zidasobanutse, zoroshye guhindura ibara, ndetse bikanahuza imikorere nyayo.

ibikoresho n'Ibikoresho byo gupakira: Gupakira by'ukuri bifite amakarito akomeye cyane afite amabara amwe yo gucapa, kandi birimo ibikoresho byose bikenewe (nk'umugozi w'amashanyarazi, ikarita y'intoki, n'ikarita y'ubwishingizi) bifite ishusho ikomeye. Ibicuruzwa by'impimbano akenshi bikoresha impapuro nto zo gupakira, bishobora kuba bifite ibikoresho bibura, kandi bifite imfashanyigisho zitari nziza zifite amakosa menshi.

2. Intambwe ya 2: "Kugenzura uburyo bwo gukurikirana" - Emeza umwirondoro unyuze muri sisitemu zemewe

Kuri ubu, ibigo bikomeye by’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi byashyizeho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibintu "bimwe, kode imwe". Abacuruzi bo mu bucuruzi bashobora kugenzura ukuri kw’ibicuruzwa binyuze mu nzira ebyiri zemewe, ari zo nzira zisobanutse kandi zemewe:
Kugenzura Kode ya Scan: Shaka kode yihariye yo gukurikirana (ubusanzwe kode ya QR cyangwa barcode) ku gipfunyika cyangwa ku mubiri w'ibicuruzwa. Biskena ukoresheje terefone yawe kugira ngo ujye ku ipaji yemewe y'ikigo cy'ubucuruzi. Andika nimero y'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo urebe amakuru nka uruganda rukora, itariki yo kohereza, n'abacuruzi bemewe. Niba woherejwe ku ipaji itemewe, amakuru ntaboneka, cyangwa adahuye n'umuyoboro wo kugura, ni ibicuruzwa by'impimbano.
Urubuga rwemewe/Igenzura rya serivisi ku bakiliya: Niba kode y’uburyo bwo gukurikirana amakuru idashobora gusuzumwa, sura igice cya "Anti-Counterfeiting Query" ku rubuga rwemewe rw’ikirango hanyuma wandike kode y’uburyo bwo gukurikirana amakuru cyangwa nimero y’umusaruro. Ushobora kandi guhamagara umurongo mpuzamahanga w’ikirango utanga amakuru ku bicuruzwa kugira ngo ufashe abakiriya. (Ni byiza gushyira imbere serivisi ku bakiliya bo mu gihugu runaka kugira ngo amakuru ahuzwe ku gihe.)

3. Intambwe ya 3: "Igenzura ry'imikorere" - Imikorere y'ingenzi yo gupima binyuze mu igerageza

Agaciro k'ingenzi k'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi gashingiye ku mikorere yabyo. Ibikoresho by'impimbano akenshi ntibikoresha neza ibice by'ingenzi nka moteri na vitesi, bigatuma habaho itandukaniro rigaragara mu gihe cyo kubikoresha. Ibizamini bibiri byoroshye bishobora kugufasha kubitandukanya mu gihe ugura:

Ikizamini cyo gukoresha nta mutwaro: Nyuma yo gutangira igikoresho, ibicuruzwa nyabyo bigira urusaku ruke ndetse n'ingufu, nta rusaku rukomeye. Ibicuruzwa by'impimbano, bitewe no guhindagurika nabi kwa moteri, bigira urusaku rwinshi n'ingufu zikomeye, ndetse bishobora no gushyuha cyane (gukora ku gikoresho nyuma y'iminota 5 gitangiye gukora bizagaragaza ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane kurusha ibicuruzwa nyabyo).

Isuzuma ry'ubushobozi bwo gutwara: Gukoresha igikoresho mu bikorwa by'ibanze nko gukata no gucukura (urugero, gucukura ibiti ukoresheje icukura cyangwa icyuma ukoresheje Imashini yo gusya inguni), ibicuruzwa nyabyo bigaragaza ingufu zihamye n'imikorere myiza yo gukata/gucukura. Ibicuruzwa by'impimbano bishobora gutakaza amashanyarazi, guhagarara, cyangwa ndetse no kuzimya, bigatuma bidashobora gukomeza imirimo yo gutwara imizigo.

4. Intambwe ya 4: "Kugenzura Umuyoboro" - Kwemeza ko ari ukuri guturuka ku isoko y'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa

Ku bacuruzi benshi, gushaka ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwemewe kandi bwemewe ni wo murongo wa mbere wo kwirinda ibicuruzwa by'impimbano. Mbere yo kugura, ni ngombwa kugenzura inyandiko ebyiri z'ingenzi:

Icyemezo cy’Umugabanyi wemewe: Abatanga serivisi bagomba gutanga "Icyemezo cy’Ubwishingizi bw’Umugabanyi wemewe" gitangwa n’ikirango. Emeza ko inomero y’icyemezo ihuye n’amakuru y’umutanga serivisi ukoresheje uburyo bwa "Ubwishingizi bwemewe bwo Gushakisha" ku rubuga rwemewe rw’ikirango. Niba umutanga serivisi adashobora gutanga icyemezo cy’uburenganzira cyangwa amakuru adahari, ubufatanye bugomba guhagarara.

Gukurikirana Inyandiko zo Kugura: Abatanga ibicuruzwa bemewe bazatanga inyandiko zuzuye zo kugura (nk'urutonde rw'ibipaki, inyemezabuguzi, n'imenyekanisha rya gasutamo ry'ibicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka). Icyitegererezo cy'ibicuruzwa n'inomero y'itsinda biri ku nyandiko bigomba guhuza ibicuruzwa nyakuri, kandi umutwe w'inyemezabuguzi ugomba guhuza n'izina ry'umucuruzi wemewe. Irinde gushakisha ibicuruzwa mu nzira zidafite cyangwa zifite inyandiko zidasobanutse neza, kuko izi nzira zifite ibyago byinshi byo kugurisha ibicuruzwa by'impimbano.

III. Kuzamura imicungire y'abacuruza ibicuruzwa bigamije kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge: Kuva ku "Kumenya ibintu mu buryo bumwe" kugeza ku "Gukumira no Kugenzura mu buryo busanzwe"

Uretse kumenya ibicuruzwa bigurishwa rimwe gusa, gushyiraho uburyo bw'igihe kirekire bwo gucunga ubucuruzi bw'impimbano bishobora gufasha abacuruzi benshi gukuraho burundu ikibazo cy'ibicuruzwa by'impimbano no kongera icyizere cy'abakiriya bo mu gace k'inyuma. Shyiraho umwirondoro w'umutanga ibicuruzwa: Kora umwirondoro wa buri mutanga ibicuruzwa, harimo n'ibyemezo bye by'uburenganzira, impushya z'ubucuruzi, n'inyandiko zo kugura zabanje. Buri gihembwe (buri gihembwe) vugurura amakuru y'uburenganzira n'ikirango, kandi ukureho abatanga ibicuruzwa bafite uburenganzira bwarangiye cyangwa ubumenyi buke.

Uburyo bwo gupima ibicuruzwa mu bwinshi: Ku bicuruzwa byinshi bigurishwa, 3%-5% by'ibicuruzwa bipimwa mu buryo butunguranye iyo bihageze kugira ngo bigenzurwe neza (kuva ku isura kugeza ku gushakisha imikorere). Iyo habonetse ikintu kimwe cy'impimbano, igice cyose kizasuzumwa ako kanya kandi umucuruzi akabibazwa.

Amahugurwa ku bakiriya: Uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kumenya abaguzi b'impimbano (nk'uburyo bwo gupima no kumenya uko bagaragara) buhuriweho n'abakiriya b'impimbano. Ibi ntibibafasha gusa kwigenzura no kugabanya amakimbirane nyuma yo kugurisha, ahubwo binashimangira icyizere cy'abakiriya mu ruhererekane rwacu rw'ibicuruzwa binyuze mu buryo bw'ubufatanye bwo "guhuza abaguzi b'impimbano", bigatera inkunga yo kongera kugura.

Icya kane, Hitamo ikirango cy'umufatanyabikorwa wizewe: Turinda ibyo waguze

Nk'ikirango gifite uburambe bw'imyaka 10 ku isoko ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi ku isi, turasobanukiwe ko abagurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi bakeneye "kwemeza ko ari ukuri." Ku baguzi b'abahanga ku isi yose, dutanga uburinzi butatu bwo kurwanya ibihimbano, tugakuraho ibyago by'ibicuruzwa by'impimbano:

Sisitemu yo gukurikirana amakuru yose: Buri gikoresho gifite "code yo gukurikirana amakuru ya blockchain" yihariye ku isi yose ishyigikira gushakisha amakuru mu ndimi 17. Ihuza amakuru ajyanye n'umusaruro, ubwikorezi, n'uburenganzira mu gihe nyacyo, bigatuma igenzura ryihuse ndetse no ku bicuruzwa byambukiranya imipaka.

Gutanga ibicuruzwa mu buryo butaziguye byemewe n'amategeko: Dufite ibigo byemewe byo gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa mu bihugu birenga 50 ku isi. Abacuruzi bose bafatanyije mu bucuruzi bahabwa ibyemezo byihariye byo gutanga uburenganzira, kandi imiterere y’uburenganzira bwabo ishobora kugenzurwa ako kanya ku rubuga rwacu rwemewe, bigakuraho ibibazo nko "kugurisha ibicuruzwa mu buryo bw'abahuza" n' "ibicuruzwa bivanze by'impimbano."

Indishyi mbere y'igihe ku bicuruzwa by'impimbano: Nubona ibicuruzwa by'impimbano nyuma yo kugura, tuzahita tubisimbuza ibicuruzwa by'ukuri nyuma yo kubigenzura byemewe kandi dutange indishyi y'igiciro cyikubye kabiri. Tuzagufasha kandi gushakisha aho ibicuruzwa by'impimbano bikomoka kugira ngo turengere uburenganzira bwawe bwemewe n'amategeko.