Isikhokelo seeMveliso zeZixhobo zoMbane ezichasene nokuThengisa izinto zoMgunyathi

Isikhokelo seeMveliso zeZixhobo zoMbane ezichasene nokuThengisa izinto zoMgunyathi

Kurhwebo lwehlabathi ngezixhobo zamandla ezithengiswa ngobuninzi, iimpahla zomgunyathi ziye zaba sisisongelo esifihlakeleyo kwinzuzo nodumo lwabathengi. Idatha yoshishino ibonisa ukuba ezomgunyathi izixhobo zamandla kukhokelela kwimbuyekezo, izikhalazo zabathengi, kunye neengxaki zokuthembana kophawu, okubangela ilahleko yezoqoqosho engaphezulu kwe-10 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka. Kubathengisi abaziingcali abagxile kubudlelwane bexesha elide kunye nokuthengwa ngobuninzi, ukuba nobuchule kwiindlela zesayensi zokuchonga izinto ezingeyonyani akuncedi nje kuphela ekunciphiseni iindleko ezithe ngqo kodwa kuqinisa nesiseko sobudlelwane nabathengi abasezantsi. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola iingozi zeempahla ezingeyonyani kwaye libonelele ngeendlela ezisebenzayo, zokuchonga izinto ezininzi ukunceda abathengi behlabathi lonke ukuba baseke inkqubo yokuvavanya izinto ezingeyonyani esebenzayo.

I. Iingozi Ezintathu Eziphambili Zezixhobo Zombane Zomgunyathi Zabathengisi Abathengisa Ngobuninzi

Ngaphambi kokuba utyale ixesha ekufundeni iindlela zokuchonga, ukuqonda iingozi ezithile zeempahla zomgunyathi kuya kunceda abathengi babeke phambili imfuneko yemizamo yokulwa nobuxoki. Kubathengisi abangochwephesha, impembelelo yezixhobo zombane zomgunyathi idlula kakhulu umba ongaphezulu "weemveliso ezingasetyenziswayo"; imele ingxaki enkulu egubungela lonke uthotho lokubonelela, ukusuka ekuthengweni ukuya kwintengiso kunye nenkonzo yasemva kokuthengisa.

Ilahleko ethe ngqo yezoqoqosho engenakuguqulwa: Iimpahla zomgunyathi zihlala zingena kwimarike "njengezinto zokulinganisa ezixabiso liphantsi nezisemgangathweni ophezulu." Abathengisi abathengisa ezi mpahla ngempazamo bajongana nembuyekezo evela kubathengi abasezantsi kunye nokusilela kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezingathengiswayo. Kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu, ukwenzakala kwabasebenzisi bokugqibela okubangelwa ziimpahla zomgunyathi ngenxa yeziphene zomgangatho kunokukhokelela kuxanduva oludibeneyo lokuhlawula.

Ukuphela kokuthembana ngokupheleleyo kubudlelwane beempawu: Ukuba abathengi baxuba iimpahla zomgunyathi neempahla ezisemthethweni baze bazithengise, xa zifunyenwe ngabathengi okanye iimpawu ezisezantsi, abayi kulahlekelwa kuphela yimvume yexesha elide yeempawu kodwa baya kukhutshwa kwiindawo zokuthenga eziphambili ngenxa "yeengxaki zokuthembeka," ezichaphazela uphuhliso lweshishini ixesha elide.

Utshintsho olungenamda lweendleko emva kokuthengisa: Izixhobo zamandla zomgunyathi azinasiqinisekiso emva kokuthengisa kwaye zinokungasebenzi kakuhle kuneemveliso zokwenyani. Abathengisi abathengisa iimpahla zomgunyathi kufuneka bathwale iindleko zokulungiswa kunye nokutshintshwa, ngelixa bekwajongana nophononongo olubi lwabathengi kunye nokulahlekelwa kukuthembana. Iindleko ezilandelayo zokufumana umthengi zidla ngokuphindwe kathathu kuneendleko zokuqala zobudlelwane bokuqala.

II. Indlela Yokuchonga Esebenzayo Yamanyathelo Amane: Ukuphepha Iingozi Zomgunyathi Kumthombo

Ngenxa yeempawu zemveliso yezixhobo zamandla, ezigxininisa "ubuchule obuphezulu, ukulebhelisha okunamandla, kunye nokulandeleka," abathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi banokuhlola ngokukhawuleza izinto zomgunyathi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthenga ngenkqubo enamanyathelo amane "yokuhlola, ukuhlola, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye nokuqinisekiswa." Oku kuvumela ukuchongwa okusebenzayo ngaphandle kwezixhobo zovavanyo ezikhethekileyo.

1. Inyathelo 1: "Qwalasela iinkcukacha" - Chonga iziphene kwiPakethe nakwiNkangeleko

Iimveliso zomgunyathi zihlala zingenazo iinkcukacha zobungcali. Xa uthenga, gxila kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ziyinyani:

Ifomu yeLebheli yokuchasa ubuxoki: Iilebheli zokuchasa ubuxoki zophawu lokwenyani zihlala zisebenzisa iteknoloji "ye-inki ebuthathaka kubushushu" okanye "ye-laser holographic". Hlikihla ilebheli ngeminwe yakho ukuze itshintshe umbala, kwaye uyityekise ukuze ityhile ipateni ye-holographic eyahlukileyo yophawu. Iilebheli zokuchasa zihlala zisebenzisa ushicilelo oluqhelekileyo kwaye azinazo iziphumo ezinamandla zokuchasa ubuxoki. Ukuprintwa kweLebheli yoMzimba: Izixhobo zamandla zokwenyani zineepleyiti zomzimba (ezibonisa imodeli, i-voltage, inombolo yebhetshi, kunye nolunye ulwazi) ezikrolwe nge-laser okanye ezikroliweyo, ezinemiphetho ecacileyo, egudileyo ethintela ukukrwelwa ngozipho. Iimveliso zokuchasa zihlala zisebenzisa ushicilelo lwesikrini, okubangela oonobumba abafiphele, abanombala olula, kunye nokungafani phakathi kwemodeli kunye nomsebenzi wokwenyani.

izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokuPakisha: Iipakeji zokwenyani zineebhokisi ezinamandla aphezulu ezinemibala efanayo yokuprinta, kwaye zinazo zonke izixhobo ezifunekayo (ezifana nentambo yombane, incwadi yesandla, kunye nekhadi lewaranti) ezivakala ziqinile. Iimveliso zomgunyathi zihlala zisebenzisa iphepha elincinci lokupakisha, zisenokuba nezixhobo ezingekhoyo, kwaye zineencwadi zesikhokelo ezingacacanga ezineempazamo ezininzi.

2. Inyathelo lesi-2: "Jonga ukulandeleka" - Qinisekisa ubuwena ngeenkqubo ezisemthethweni

Okwangoku, iinkampani ezinkulu zezixhobo zamandla ziseke inkqubo yokulandelela "into enye, ikhowudi enye". Abathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi banokuqinisekisa ubunyani bemveliso ngeendlela ezimbini ezisemthethweni, ezizezona ndlela zithe ngqo nezinegunya:
Ukuqinisekiswa kweKhowudi yokuSkena: Fumana ikhowudi yokulandelela eyahlukileyo (ngesiqhelo ikhowudi ye-QR okanye ibhakhowudi) kwiphakheji okanye emzimbeni wemveliso. Yiskena ngefowuni yakho ukuze utsibe uye kwiphepha elisemthethweni lokulandelela lophawu. Faka inombolo yebhetshi yemveliso ukuze ubone ulwazi olufana nomzi-mveliso wokuvelisa, umhla wokuthumela, kunye nabathengisi abagunyazisiweyo. Ukuba uthunyelwa kwiphepha elingekho mthethweni, ulwazi alufumaneki, okanye aluhambelani nomjelo wokuthenga, yimveliso yobuxoki.
Iwebhusayithi Esemthethweni/Ukuqinisekiswa Kwenkonzo Yabathengi: Ukuba ikhowudi yokulandelela ayinakuskenwa, ndwendwela icandelo elithi "Anti-Counterfeiting Query" kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yophawu kwaye ufake ikhowudi yokulandelela okanye inombolo yebhetshi yemveliso. Ungafowunela nomnxeba wenkonzo yabathengi yehlabathi yophawu kwaye unikezele ngolwazi lwemveliso ukuze ufumane uncedo lwenkonzo yabathengi. (Kucetyiswa ukuba kubekwe phambili inkonzo yabathengi basekuhlaleni kwilizwe ekujoliswe kulo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kolwazi ngexesha elifanelekileyo.)

3. Inyathelo lesi-3: "Ukuqinisekiswa koMsebenzi" - Vavanya imisebenzi ephambili ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo

Ixabiso eliphambili lezixhobo zamandla likwindlela ezisebenza ngayo. Iimveliso zomgunyathi zihlala zingasebenzisi kakhulu izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana neemoto kunye neegiya, nto leyo ebangela umahluko obonakalayo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kovavanyo. Uvavanyo olubini olulula lunokunceda ukwahlula xa uthenga:

Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Olungenamthwalo: Emva kokuqalisa isixhobo, iimveliso zokwenyani zifumana ingxolo ephantsi kunye nokungcangcazela, ngaphandle kwengxolo ebukhali. Iimveliso zomgunyathi, ngenxa yokungajikelezi kakuhle kweemoto, zifumana ingxolo enkulu kunye nokungcangcazela okukhulu, kwaye zinokutshisa kakhulu (ukuchukumisa isixhobo emva kwemizuzu emi-5 yokusebenza kuya kubonisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu kuneemveliso zokwenyani).

Uvavanyo Lomthamo Womthwalo: Ukusebenzisa isixhobo kwimisebenzi esisiseko efana nokusika nokugrumba (umz., ukugrumba umthi nge-drill okanye isinyithi nge-drill Isixhobo sokuGqiba i-Angle), iimveliso zokwenyani zibonisa amandla azinzileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokusika/ukugrumba rhoqo. Iimveliso zomgunyathi zinomngcipheko wokulahlekelwa ngumbane, ukuma, okanye ukucima, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zingakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza komthwalo.

4. Inyathelo lesi-4: "Ukuqinisekiswa kweSiteshi" - Ukuqinisekisa ubunyani obuvela kuMthombo weCandelo loNikezelo

Kubathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi, ukufumana izinto kwiindlela ezisemthethweni nezigunyazisiweyo yindlela yokuqala yokuzikhusela kwiimveliso zomgunyathi. Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa amaxwebhu amabini abalulekileyo:

Isatifikethi soMsasazi oGunyazisiweyo: Ababoneleli kufuneka banikeze "iSatifikethi soMfanelo woMsasazi oGunyazisiweyo" esikhutshwe luphawu. Qinisekisa ukuba inombolo yesatifikethi iyafana nolwazi lomthengisi usebenzisa umsebenzi othi "Ukukhangela uMsasazi oGunyazisiweyo" kwiwebhusayithi esemthethweni yophawu. Ukuba umthengisi akanakukwazi ukubonelela ngobungqina bokugunyaziswa okanye ulwazi alufumaneki, ubudlelwane kufuneka bushiywe.

Ukulandeleka kweXwebhu loThengo: Ababoneleli abasemthethweni baya kubonelela ngamaxwebhu okuthenga apheleleyo (afana noluhlu lokupakisha, ii-invoyisi, kunye nezibhengezo zerhafu zokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe). Imodeli yemveliso kunye nenombolo yebhetshi kumaxwebhu kufuneka ihambelane neempahla zokwenyani, kwaye intloko ye-invoyisi kufuneka ihambelane negama lomsasazi ogunyazisiweyo. Kuphephe ukufumana kwiitshaneli ezingenazo okanye ezinamaxwebhu angacacanga, njengoko ezi tshaneli zinomngcipheko omkhulu weempahla zomgunyathi.

III. Ukuphucula Ulawulo Lokulwa Nokuqhatha Abathengisi Abathengisa Izinto Ezingeyonyani: Ukusuka "Ekuchongweni Kwexesha Elinye" ukuya "Ekuthintelweni NokuLawulwa Okucwangcisiweyo"

Ngaphaya kokuchongwa kokuthengwa kube kanye, ukuseka inkqubo yolawulo lokulwa nokuthengiswa kwezinto ezingeyonyani ixesha elide kunokunceda abathengisi ngobuninzi ukuba basuse ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yeempahla ezingeyonyani kwaye baphucule ukuthembana kwabathengi abasezantsi. Misela iprofayili yomthengisi: Yenza iprofayili yomthengisi ngamnye, kuquka izatifikethi zabo zokugunyazisa, iilayisenisi zoshishino, kunye namaxwebhu okuthenga adlulileyo. Hlaziya rhoqo (ngekota) ulwazi lokugunyazisa kunye nophawu, kwaye ususe ababoneleli abanemvume ephelelwe lixesha okanye iziqinisekiso ezingathandabuzekiyo.

Indlela yokuqokelela iisampulu ngobuninzi: Kwii-odolo zokuthenga ezinkulu, i-3%-5% yeemveliso zithathwa ngokungacwangciswanga xa zifika ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkqubo epheleleyo (ukusuka ekubonakaleni ukuya ekulandeleni ukuya kuvavanyo lokusebenza). Ukuba kufunyenwe nokuba yinto enye yobuxoki, yonke ibhetshi iya kuhlolwa ngoko nangoko kwaye umthengisi unoxanduva.

Uqeqesho lwabathengi olusezantsi: Iindlela ezisisiseko zokuchonga izinto ezingeyonyani (ezifana nokuskena ikhowudi ye-QR kunye nokuqaphela ukubonakala) zabelwana ngazo nabathengi abasezantsi. Oku akuncedi nje kuphela ukuba baziqinisekise kwaye kunciphisa iingxabano emva kokuthengisa, kodwa kuqinisa ukuthembana kwabathengi kwikhonkco lethu lokubonelela ngeenkonzo ngokusebenzisa imodeli yobudlelwane "edibeneyo yokulwa nezinto ezingeyonyani", ekhuthaza ukuthengwa okuphindaphindiweyo.

Okwesine, Khetha uphawu lweqabane elihloniphekileyo: Sikhusela ukuthenga kwakho

Njengophawu olunamava eminyaka eli-10 kwimarike yezixhobo zamandla zehlabathi, siyaqonda imfuneko ephambili yabathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi "yokuqinisekisa ubunyani." Kubathengi abaziingcali kwihlabathi liphela, sinikezela ngokhuseleko oluphindwe kathathu lokulwa nobuxoki, sisusa umngcipheko weempahla zobuxoki:

Inkqubo yokulandelela umkhondo we-Full-chain: Isixhobo ngasinye sixhotyiswe nge-"blockchain traceability code" eyahlukileyo kwihlabathi liphela exhasa ukubuzwa ngeelwimi ezili-17. Ivumelanisa imveliso, izinto ezithuthwayo, kunye nolwazi lokugunyaziswa ngexesha langempela, ivumela ukuqinisekiswa ngokukhawuleza nokuba kuthengwe kwamanye amazwe.

Ukuhanjiswa ngokuthe ngqo okugunyazisiweyo ngokusemthethweni: Sinamaziko okuhambisa agunyazisiweyo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50 kwihlabathi liphela. Bonke abathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi abangamaqabane bafumana izatifikethi zokugunyazisa ezikhethekileyo, kwaye imeko yabo yokugunyazisa inokuhlolwa ngexesha langempela kwiwebhusayithi yethu esemthethweni, kususa imiba efana "nokuthengisa kwakhona kwabasebenzi abaphakathi" kunye "neempahla zomgunyathi ezixutyiweyo."

Imbuyekezo kwangaphambili yeempahla zomgunyathi: Ukuba ufumene imveliso yomgunyathi emva kokuthenga, siza kuyitshintsha ngoko nangoko ngemveliso yokwenyani emva kokuqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni size sikunike imbuyekezo yexabiso lokuthenga eliphindwe kabini. Siza kukunceda ekulandeleni umthombo weempahla zomgunyathi ukukhusela amalungelo akho asemthethweni.