Cov Cai Tswjfwm Ntshuam Khoom thiab Cov Kev Cai rau Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj rau Cov Cuab Yeej Hluav Taws Xob hauv Kev Lag Luam South America

Cov Cai Tswjfwm Ntshuam Khoom thiab Cov Kev Cai rau Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj rau Cov Cuab Yeej Hluav Taws Xob hauv Kev Lag Luam South America

1. Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Pov Thawj Yuav Tsum Muaj Hauv Cov Lag Luam Tseem Ceeb (Brazil/Argentina/Mexico-coj)

2. Cov Cai Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Nyab Xeeb Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus Hluav Taws Xob (EMC)

3. Cov Txheej Txheem Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txuj Ci

4. Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Sau Npe, Kev Ntim Khoom, thiab Kev Ua Raws Cai Hauv Cheeb Tsam

5. Kev Pheej Hmoo Ua Raws Cai thiab Cov Cai Tshiab Xyoo 2025

I. Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Pov Thawj Yuav Tsum Muaj Hauv Cov Lag Luam Tseem Ceeb (Brazil/Argentina/Mexico-coj)

Kev nkag mus rau kev lag luam cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob hauv South America yog tsom mus rau cov ntawv pov thawj uas yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm peb lub tebchaws no, uas suav nrog ntau dua 90% ntawm cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau. Cov khoom uas tsis tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj yuav raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj, raug nplua, thiab txawm tias raug txwv tsis pub ua lag luam.

Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj INMETRO hauv Brazil: Ua ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem pov thawj nruj tshaj plaws hauv South America, nws siv rau txhua lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob tuav tes (xuas, Lub Tshuab Sib Tsoo Lub kaum sab xiss, chainsaws, thiab lwm yam), thiab yog raws li ABNT NBR IEC 60745 series cov qauv. Daim ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum tau them rau plaub qhov tseem ceeb: kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab, kev tswj suab nrov thiab kev co, thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo. Cov khoom yuav tsum dhau qhov kev sim voltage (1000V-3000V rau 1 feeb), kev sim rwb thaiv tsev (≥1MΩ), thiab kev txheeb xyuas kev sib txuas lus hauv av. Cov khoom tau ntawv pov thawj yuav tsum tso saib lub cim INMETRO thiab tus lej ntawv pov thawj tas mus li, nrog rau qhov siab ntawm tus cwj pwm tsawg kawg yog 5 hli. Daim ntawv pov thawj siv tau rau 1-5 xyoos, xav tau kev tshaj tawm txhua xyoo ntawm kev ua raws li kev lees paub kom tswj tau qhov kev lees paub.

Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj IRAM hauv Argentina: Muaj kev hloov tshiab loj heev tau siv rau xyoo 2025, suav nrog lub cim pov thawj qub rau hauv lub cim kev nyab xeeb "S-Mark", uas yuam kom suav nrog tus lej pov thawj ntawm lub cev (piv txwv li, IRAM1234). Daim ntawv pov thawj no suav nrog kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob (IRAM 62490 series), kev tiv thaiv tshuab (IRAM 62368-1), thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob (IRAM 55022/55024). Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob ntse tam sim no xav tau kev ua raws li UN/ECE R155 cybersecurity protocol. Qhov tseem ceeb, cov tuam txhab uas tsis yog Argentine yuav tsum xaiv tus neeg sawv cev raug cai hauv Argentina (muab tus lej rau npe OAA) los tswj kev sib txuas lus pov thawj thiab kev rov qab los ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Daim ntawv pov thawj NOM hauv Mexico: Raws li tus qauv NOM-024-SCFI-2013, nws yuam kom muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm kev sau npe thiab kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb ntawm cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, suav nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv kev xau, thiab cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws kub. Tsis zoo li Brazil thiab Argentina, Mexico tso cai rau cov khoom tuav IECEE CB cov ntawv ceeb toom kom zam qee qhov kev xeem, tab sis xav tau kev xeem ntxiv rau qhov sib txawv hauv zos.

Ntxiv mus, daim ntawv pov thawj SENCE ntawm Chile thiab daim ntawv pov thawj ICONTEC ntawm Colombia, thaum muaj kev pabcuam nqaim dua, xav tau kev sib haum xeeb nrog cov qauv IEC thiab yuav tsum ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv zos (220V/50Hz).

II. Cov Cai Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Nyab Xeeb Hluav Taws Xob thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus Hluav Taws Xob (EMC)

Cov teb chaws South America tsom mus rau peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob kev ua raws li kev nyab xeeb, thiab cov qauv raug hloov kho txhua xyoo: Cov Qauv Kev Nyab Xeeb Hluav Taws Xob: Ib qho kev xav tau ua ke yog tias cov khoom ua raws li IEC 60745 tus qauv yooj yim, tab sis cov kev hloov pauv hauv zos muaj nyob rau ntau lub tebchaws. Brazil muaj ib qho ntxiv uas yuav tsum tau ua ABNT NBR 14136 ntsaws thiab qhov (socket) tus qauv, xav tau cov kab hauv av tas mus li thiab txhim khu kev qha thiab qhov txhaum tam sim no tsis kam rau hauv av ntawm ≤0.1Ω. Argentina qhia meej meej tias cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum dhau qhov kev xeem IRAM 60730-1 nplaim taws retardancy thiab txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom muaj asbestos lossis qee yam plasticizers. Mexico hais txog qhov ceev teb ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv overload, xav tau lub zog-tawm mechanism kom raug ua haujlwm hauv 0.5 vib nas this thaum muaj luv luv Circuit Court.

Kev Sib Txuas Lus Hluav Taws Xob (EMC): Ob lub tebchaws Brazil thiab Argentina tau suav nrog kev kuaj EMC hauv lawv qhov kev lees paub yuav tsum tau ua. Brazil txais yuav ABNT NBR IEC 61000 series cov qauv, kuaj 12 qhov ntsuas suav nrog cov pa phem thiab kev tiv thaiv electrostatic discharge. Argentina tus qauv IRAM 55022/55024 yog qhov nruj dua, xav tau cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob ntse kom dhau daim ntawv pov thawj UN/ECE R155 cybersecurity protocol (siv tau txij lub Ib Hlis 2025) los tiv thaiv kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xau. Kev Txwv Ib puag ncig thiab Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Zoo: Brazil tus qauv ABNT NBR 15620 yog sib npaug rau EU RoHS directive, txwv cov ntsiab lus ntawm rau hom tshuaj phom sij, suav nrog cov hlau lead thiab cadmium. Pib xyoo 2024, cov kev cai sau npe rov ua dua roj teeb yuav raug ntxiv. Argentina yuav siv tus qauv tshiab IRAM 62400: 2025 kev siv hluav taws xob zoo hauv xyoo 2025, xav tau cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob kom muaj cov ntawv cim ntsuas kev siv hluav taws xob zoo (qib 1-5). Cov khoom theem 1 tsim nyog rau kev txo cov se ntshuam. Tam sim no Mexico tsis tau yuam kom muaj daim ntawv pov thawj txog kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, tab sis yuav tsum kom qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog nominal ntawm cov khoom thiab cov zis tiag tiag tsis pub tshaj ± 10%.

III. Cov Txheej Txheem Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txuj Ci

Cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj hauv cov lag luam loj hauv South America ua raws li tus qauv peb theem ntawm "kev sim + kev tshuaj xyuas + kev saib xyuas," nrog rau lub voj voog ntawm 3-6 lub hlis. Kev npaj ua ntej ntawm lub sijhawm yog qhov tsim nyog:

1. Theem Npaj Ua Ntej: Yuav tsum muaj peb pawg ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb: ① Cov ntaub ntawv txuj ci (cov duab kos hluav taws xob, daim ntawv teev cov khoom, phau ntawv qhia lus Mev/Portuguese; cov ntaub ntawv Askiv xav tau kev txhais lus los ntawm tus neeg sau ntawv pov thawj); ② Cov qauv kuaj (3-5 yam khoom tiav, suav nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li cov cav thiab PCBs, xav tau daim ntawv pov thawj UL/VDE); ③ Cov ntaub ntawv tswj kev zoo (daim ntawv pov thawj ISO 9001 lossis daim ntawv tshaj tawm IRAM 9001 ntawm kev ua raws li). Nws raug pom zoo kom muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov qauv khoom uas twb tau lees paub los ntawm IECEE CB, uas tuaj yeem zam 30% -50% ntawm cov khoom kuaj thiab ua kom lub voj voog ntawv pov thawj luv dua.

2. Theem Kev Ntsuas thiab Kev Tshuaj Xyuas: Cov qauv yuav tsum xa mus rau lub chaw kuaj mob hauv zos uas tau lees paub kom kuaj. Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj suav nrog: kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob (tiv taus hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv rwb thaiv tsev, kev sib txuas ntawm av), kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab (kev ruaj khov, kev sim poob), EMC (kev tso tawm hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv kab mob), thiab suab nrov thiab kev co (Brazil xav tau suab nrov ≤85dB thiab kev co ≤2.5m / s²). Thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas, ob qho tib si Brazil's INMETRO thiab Argentina's IRAM tuaj yeem ua kev tshuaj xyuas random Hoobkas kom paub tseeb tias cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab sib xws. Daim ntawv pov thawj NOM ntawm Mexico tam sim no tsis yuam kom muaj kev tshuaj xyuas Hoobkas tab sis khaws txoj cai los ua kev tshuaj xyuas random.

3. Theem Kev Saib Xyuas Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj: Daim ntawv pov thawj siv tau rau 1-5 xyoos (Brazil's INMETRO muaj siab tshaj plaws 5 xyoos, thiab Argentina's IRAM muaj 5 xyoos). Yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tshaj tawm txhua xyoo txog kev ua raws li cov khoom lag luam thiab tus nqi txhua xyoo (kwv yees li US $ 1200 / xyoo hauv Argentina). Hais txog kev saib xyuas kev ua lag luam, Brazil's INMETRO ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas random txhua peb lub hlis; cov khoom tsis ua raws li cov khoom lag luam yuav raug rov qab thiab raug nplua txog li US $ 100,000. Argentina yuav siv lub tshuab tshuaj xyuas digital hauv xyoo 2025, nce qhov zaus ntawm kev saib xyuas mus rau ib zaug txhua rau lub hlis. Cov Kev Cai Tshwj Xeeb: Cov tuam txhab tsis yog South American yuav tsum xaiv tus neeg sawv cev hauv zos (Brazil xav tau tus lej sau npe CNPJ, Argentina xav tau tus lej sau npe OAA) los ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib txuas lus ntawv pov thawj, kev daws teeb meem, thiab kev ua tiav kev rov qab. Cov ntawv thov uas tsis muaj tus neeg sawv cev hauv zos yuav raug tsis lees txais kiag li.

IV. Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb ntawm Kev Ua Raws Cai ntawm Kev Sau Npe, Kev Ntim Khoom, thiab Kev Siv Hauv Zos

Kev ua raws li daim ntawv lo thiab kev ntim khoom yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai ntawm South America. 60% ntawm cov khoom xa rov qab yog vim muaj qhov yuam kev ntawm daim ntawv lo. Cov kev cai hauv qab no yuav tsum tau hais txog:

Cov Ntsiab Lus Yuav Tsum Muaj ntawm Daim Ntawv Qhia: Yuav tsum muaj ① Cov cim pov thawj (INMETRO/S-Mark/NOM + tus lej pov thawj, qhov siab ntawm tus cwj pwm ≥ 5mm); ② Cov ntaub ntawv khoom (hom, qauv, voltage/power, hnub tsim khoom); ③ Cov lus ceeb toom kev nyab xeeb (ua lus Mev/Portuguese, xws li "Tsis yog rau cov menyuam yaus siv" lossis "Hnav cov khoom siv tiv thaiv"); ④ Daim ntawv lo ntawm lub tebchaws keeb kwm (hais meej meej tias "Ua nyob rau hauv XX"). Brazil kuj xav tau daim ntawv lo rov ua dua roj teeb (yog tias muaj roj teeb lithium), thiab Argentina xav tau daim ntawv lo ntsuas kev siv hluav taws xob zoo. Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Ntim Khoom: Yuav tsum muaj cov ntim khoom uas tiv taus dej thiab tiv taus kev co kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom thaum thauj mus los thiab tom qab ntawd tsis dhau kev tshuaj xyuas. Cov ntim khoom yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib xws nrog daim ntawv lo ntawm cov khoom, thiab cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov tsiaj txhu uas yuav ploj mus raug txwv (piv txwv li, cov ntim khoom redwood raug txwv hauv Brazil). Mexico xav kom lub npe thiab chaw nyob ntawm tus neeg xa khoom kom meej meej rau ntawm cov ntim khoom, thaum Argentina xav kom cov ntaub ntawv tiv tauj ntawm tus neeg sawv cev hauv zos.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv Hauv Zos: Hais txog hom lus, yuav tsum muaj lus Portuguese rau kev lag luam Brazilian, thaum yuav tsum muaj lus Mev rau Argentina, Mexico, thiab Chile. Kev sau ob hom lus tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua raws li txoj cai. Kev sib haum xeeb ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv hluav taws xob hauv zos (220V/50Hz yog thoob plaws South America; tsis txhob siv cov khoom tsim rau North American 110V). Cov hom ntsaws yuav tsum sib haum (Brazil siv lub ntsaws peb-pin NBR 14136, Argentina siv lub ntsaws txheem IRAM 2063/2073).

V. Kev Pheej Hmoo Ua Raws Cai thiab Cov Cai Tshiab Xyoo 2025

Kev Pheej Hmoo Ua Raws Li Qhov Zaus Siab:
① Kev sau ntawv yuam kev (tsis siv hom lus hauv zos, tus lej pov thawj ploj lawm, qhov siab tsis txaus ntawm cov cim), qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev xa rov qab los ntawm Argentina;
② Kev tsis ua raws li kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob (tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob siab txaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev, cov kab hauv av tsis ua haujlwm), suav txog 70% ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm kev sim hauv Brazil;
③ Cov khoom siv tsis ua raws li txoj cai (xws li asbestos, cov yas ua kom ntau dhau), yuav ua rau raug tsis lees paub ncaj qha thiab suav nrog rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe dub ntawm kev ua lag luam;
④ Yog tsis hloov kho daim ntawv pov thawj raws sijhawm (tsis tau rov ua daim ntawv pov thawj dua tom qab hloov pauv tus qauv tsim khoom), yuav raug nplua rau kev saib xyuas kev ua lag luam.

Xyoo 2025 Cov Cai Tshiab
① Kev Koom Ua Ke thiab Kev Txhim Kho Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj: Argentina lub IRAM tau ua tiav kev koom ua ke ntawm nws lub cim (S-Mark), ua kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj thiab txo cov voj voog tshuaj xyuas digital mus rau 4-6 lub lis piam (los ntawm 8 lub lis piam);
② Kev Nthuav Dav ntawm Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Is Taws Nem: Cov cuab yeej fais fab ntse yuav tsum dhau daim ntawv pov thawj kev ruaj ntseg hauv is taws nem UN/ECE R155, uas suav nrog cov kev cai tiv thaiv kev zais cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tiv thaiv qhov tsis muaj zog;
③ Kev Txhim Kho Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Zoo Dua: Argentina thiab Chile yuav maj mam siv lub kaw lus ntsuas kev siv hluav taws xob zoo, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis (theem 4-5) yuav ntsib kev txwv tsis pub xa khoom tuaj;
④ Kev Saib Xyuas Ntxiv: Brazil tus INMETRO tau nthuav dav nws qhov kev kuaj xyuas kev ua lag luam, suav nrog cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov channel e-commerce nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb, nce tus nqi kuaj mus rau 15%.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai: Pib cov txheej txheem pov thawj ua ntej 6 lub hlis, txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev hloov pauv daim ntawv qhia CB kom txo cov nqi kuaj; tsim kom muaj lub tshuab tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv lo kom tsis txhob muaj cov lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuam kev; ua tib zoo mloog cov kev hloov kho tshiab rau cov qauv hauv tebchaws (xws li daim ntawv teev cov qauv txhua xyoo uas IRAM luam tawm) kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ua raws li kev cai tas mus li.

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