Imithethonqubo Yokungenisa kanye Nezidingo Zesitifiketi Samathuluzi Kagesi Emakethe YaseNingizimu Melika

Imithethonqubo Yokungenisa kanye Nezidingo Zesitifiketi Samathuluzi Kagesi Emakethe YaseNingizimu Melika

1. Izinhlelo Zokuqinisekisa Eziphoqelekile Ezimakethe Eziyinhloko (eziholwa yiBrazil/Argentina/eMexico)

2. Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zokulawula Ukuphepha Kukagesi Nokuhambisana Kwama-Electromagnetic (EMC)

3. Inqubo Yokuqinisekisa kanye Nemininingwane Yemibhalo Yobuchwepheshe

4. Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okufaka Amalebula, Ukupakisha, kanye Nokuhambisana Nomthetho Wendawo

5. Izingozi Ezivamile Zokuthobela Imithetho kanye Nemikhuba Emisha Yemithethonqubo ngo-2025

I. Izinhlelo Zokuqinisekisa Ezidingekayo Ezimakethe Eziyinhloko (eziholwa yiBrazil/Argentina/eMexico)

Ukufinyelela emakethe yamathuluzi kagesi eNingizimu Melika kugxile ekuqinisekisweni okuphoqelekile kwala mazwe amathathu, okuhlanganisa ngaphezu kwama-90% emakethe yabathengi eyinhloko. Imikhiqizo ehluleka ukuthola isitifiketi ibhekene nokuboshwa kwentela, izinhlawulo, ngisho nokuvinjelwa kwemakethe.

Isitifiketi se-INMETRO saseBrazil: Njengenye yezinhlelo zokuqinisekisa eziqinile eNingizimu Melika, sisebenza kuwo wonke amathuluzi kagesi aphathwa ngesandla (ama-drill, Isigayo se-Angles, ama-chainsaw, njll.), futhi isekelwe ngokuyinhloko ezindinganisweni zochungechunge lwe-ABNT NBR IEC 60745. Lesi sitifiketi sidinga ukumbozwa kuzo zonke izilinganiso ezine: ukuphepha kukagesi, ukusebenza kwemishini, ukulawula umsindo nokudlidliza, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Imikhiqizo kumele iphumelele ukuhlolwa kwamandla kagesi (1000V-3000V umzuzu owodwa), ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokushisa (≥1MΩ), kanye nokuqinisekiswa kokuqhubeka kokumisa. Imikhiqizo eqinisekisiwe kumele ibonise unomphela uphawu lwe-INMETRO kanye nenombolo yesitifiketi, enobude bezinhlamvu okungenani obungu-5mm. Lesi sitifiketi sisebenza iminyaka eyi-1-5, sidinga isimemezelo sonyaka sokuvumelana ukuze kugcinwe ukugunyazwa.

Isitifiketi se-IRAM sase-Argentina: Kwaqaliswa isibuyekezo esikhulu ngo-2025, sahlanganisa uphawu lokuqala lwesitifiketi kuphawu lokuphepha lwe-"S-Mark", saphoqelela ukufakwa kwenombolo yomzimba wesitifiketi (isb., i-IRAM1234). Ububanzi besitifiketi buhlanganisa ukuphepha kukagesi (uchungechunge lwe-IRAM 62490), ukuvikelwa komshini (IRAM 62368-1), kanye nokuhambisana kwe-electromagnetic (IRAM 55022/55024). Amathuluzi kagesi ahlakaniphile manje adinga ukuhambisana nephrothokholi yokuphepha kwe-cyber ye-UN/ECE R155. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi izinkampani ezingezona eze-Argentina kumele ziqoke ummeleli wezomthetho ngaphakathi e-Argentina (ohlinzeka ngenombolo yokubhalisa ye-OAA) ukuze aphathe ukuxhumana kwesitifiketi kanye nokukhunjulwa kwezigameko. Isitifiketi se-NOM saseMexico: Ngokusekelwe kuzinga le-NOM-024-SCFI-2013, siphoqelela ukulawulwa okuphoqelekile ekusebenzeni kokulebula kanye nokuphepha kwamathuluzi kagesi, simboza ukuhambisana kwamandla, ukuvikelwa kokuvuza, kanye nezidingo zokuvimbela ilangabi lezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngokungafani neBrazil ne-Argentina, iMexico ivumela imikhiqizo ephethe imibiko ye-IECEE CB ukuthi ikhululwe kwezinye izivivinyo, kodwa idinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokwehluka kwendawo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitifiketi se-SENCE saseChile kanye nesitifiketi se-ICONTEC saseColombia, yize sinokumbozwa okuncane, kudinga ukuhambisana okuphezulu nezindinganiso ze-IEC futhi kumele kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuhambisana kwe-voltage yendawo (220V/50Hz).

II. Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zokulawula Ukuphepha Kukagesi Nokuhambisana Kwama-Electromagnetic (EMC)

Amazwe aseNingizimu Melika agxila ezintweni ezintathu eziyinhloko ithuluzi lamandla ukuhambisana nokuphepha, kanye nezindinganiso zithuthukiswa minyaka yonke: Izindinganiso Zokuphepha Kukagesi: Imfuneko ehlanganisiwe ukuthi imikhiqizo ihambisane nezindinganiso eziyisisekelo ze-IEC 60745, kodwa ukuhlukahluka kwendawo kukhona emazweni ahlukene. IBrazil inezinga elengeziwe le-plug and socket elidingekayo le-ABNT NBR 14136, elidinga imigqa yokumisa eqhubekayo nethembekile kanye nokumelana nogesi wephutha emhlabathini ongu-≤0.1Ω. I-Argentina ibeka ngokusobala ukuthi izinto zokuvikela kumele zidlule ukuhlolwa kwe-IRAM 60730-1 kokumelana nomlilo futhi ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezingxenye eziqukethe i-asbestos noma ama-plasticizer athile. IMexico igcizelela isivinini sokuphendula kwamadivayisi okuvikela ngokweqile, okudinga ukuthi indlela yokucima ugesi iqaliswe zingakapheli imizuzwana engu-0.5 uma kwenzeka i-short circuit.

Ukuhambisana Kwe-Electromagnetic (EMC): IBrazil ne-Argentina zifake ukuhlolwa kwe-EMC emkhakheni wazo wokuqinisekisa okuphoqelekile. IBrazil yamukela amazinga ochungechunge lwe-ABNT NBR IEC 61000, ihlola izinkomba eziyi-12 kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwe-radiation kanye nokungavikeleki kokukhishwa kwe-electrostatic. Izindinganiso ze-IRAM 55022/55024 zase-Argentina ziqinile kakhulu, zidinga amathuluzi kagesi ahlakaniphile ukuthi adlule isitifiketi sephrothokholi ye-UN/ECE R155 cybersecurity (esebenza ngoJanuwari 2025) ukuvimbela izingozi zokuvuza kwedatha. Imikhawulo Yokusebenza Kahle Kwemvelo Namandla: Izinga le-ABNT NBR 15620 laseBrazil lilingana nesiqondiso se-EU RoHS, sikhawulela okuqukethwe kwezinhlobo eziyisithupha zezinto eziyingozi, kufaka phakathi i-lead ne-cadmium. Kusukela ngo-2024, izidingo zokulebula kabusha amabhethri zizongezwa. I-Argentina izosebenzisa izinga elisha lokusebenza kahle kwamandla le-IRAM 62400:2025 ngo-2025, idinga amathuluzi kagesi ukuthi athwale amalebula okulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla (amazinga 1-5). Imikhiqizo yezinga 1 iyafaneleka ukwehliswa kwentela yokungenisa. IMexico okwamanje ayifuni isitifiketi sokusebenzisa kahle amandla, kodwa idinga ukuthi ukuphambuka phakathi kwamandla ajwayelekile omkhiqizo kanye nomphumela wangempela kungadluli ku-±10%.

III. Inqubo Yokuqinisekisa kanye Nemininingwane Yemibhalo Yobuchwepheshe

Inqubo yokuqinisekisa ezimakethe ezinkulu zaseNingizimu Melika ilandela imodeli yezigaba ezintathu "yokuhlola + ukuhlola + ukuqapha," enomjikelezo wezinyanga ezi-3-6. Ukuhlela kusengaphambili kwezikhathi kuyadingeka:

1. Isigaba Sokulungiselela Kwasekuqaleni: Kudingeka izigaba ezintathu zemibhalo eyinhloko: ① Imibhalo yobuchwepheshe (imidwebo yesekethe, uhlu lwezingxenye, izincwadi zemiyalelo zesiSpanishi/isiPutukezi; imibhalo yesiNgisi idinga ukuhumusha okuqinisekisiwe); ② Amasampula okuhlola (imikhiqizo ephelele engu-3-5, kufaka phakathi izingxenye eziyinhloko njengezimoto nama-PCB, adinga isitifiketi se-UL/VDE); ③ Imibhalo yohlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi (isitifiketi se-ISO 9001 noma isimemezelo sokuvumelana se-IRAM 9001). Kunconywa ukubeka phambili amamodeli omkhiqizo asevele eqinisekiswe yi-IECEE CB, angakhulula u-30%-50% wezinto zokuhlola futhi anciphise umjikelezo wokuqinisekisa.

2. Isigaba Sokuhlola Nokuhlola: Amasampula kumele athunyelwe elabhorethri egunyaziwe yendawo ukuze ahlolwe. Izinto eziyinhloko zokuhlola zifaka: ukuphepha kukagesi (ukumelana namandla kagesi, ukumelana nokushisa, ukuqhubeka kokumisa), ukusebenza komshini (ukuqina, ukuhlolwa kokuwa), i-EMC (ukukhishwa kwemisebe, ukuzivikela), kanye nomsindo nokudlidliza (iBrazil idinga umsindo ≤85dB kanye nokudlidliza ≤2.5m/s²). Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuhlola, i-INMETRO yaseBrazil kanye ne-IRAM yase-Argentina zingenza ukuhlolwa kwefektri okungahleliwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nemibhalo yobuchwepheshe. Isitifiketi se-NOM saseMexico okwamanje asikugunyazi ukuhlolwa kwefektri kodwa sinelungelo lokwenza ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe.

3. Isigaba Sokulungiswa Kwesitifiketi: Isitifiketi sisebenza iminyaka eyi-1-5 (i-INMETRO yaseBrazil inesikhathi esiphezulu seminyaka emi-5, kanti i-IRAM yase-Argentina inesikhathi seminyaka emi-5). Kudingeka isimemezelo saminyaka yonke sokuhambisana nomkhiqizo kanye nemali yonyaka (cishe ama-US$1200 ngonyaka e-Argentina). Ngokuphathelene nokubhekwa kwemakethe, i-INMETRO yaseBrazil yenza ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe njalo ngekota; imikhiqizo engahambisani nemithetho ibhekene nokubuyiswa kanye nezinhlawulo ezifika ku-US$100,000. I-Argentina izosebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlola lwedijithali ngo-2025, okwandisa imvamisa yokubhekwa kube kanye njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Izidingo Ezikhethekile: Izinkampani ezingezona ezaseNingizimu Melika kumele ziqoke ummeleli wezomthetho wendawo (iBrazil idinga inombolo yokubhalisa ye-CNPJ, i-Argentina idinga inombolo yokubhalisa ye-OAA) ukuthi ibe nesibopho sokuxhumana kwesitifiketi, ukuphathwa kwezehlakalo, kanye nokukhishwa kwesicelo. Izicelo ezingenammeleli wendawo zizokwenqatshwa ngokuphelele.

IV. Ukubhala Amalebula, Ukupakisha, kanye Nokulandelwa Kwendawo Amaphuzu Ayinhloko

Ukuhambisana nokulebula nokupakisha kuyisici esibalulekile sokukhishwa kwentela yokungenisa eNingizimu Melika. Ama-60% okuthunyelwa okubuyisiwe abangelwa amaphutha okulebula. Izidingo ezilandelayo kumele zigcizelelwe:

Okuqukethwe Kwelebula Eliphoqelekile: Kumele kufake phakathi ① Amamaki Okuqinisekisa (uphawu lwe-INMETRO/S-Mark/NOM + inombolo yesitifiketi, ukuphakama kwezinhlamvu ≥ 5mm); ② Ulwazi lomkhiqizo (uphawu, imodeli, i-voltage/amandla alinganisiwe, usuku lokukhiqiza); ③ Izexwayiso zokuphepha (ngesiSpanishi/isiPutukezi, njengokuthi "Akuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa yizingane ezincane" noma "Gqoka imishini yokuzivikela"); ④ Ilebula yezwe elivela kulo (elisho ngokusobala ukuthi "Kwenziwe ngo-XX"). IBrazil idinga futhi ilebula yokuvuselela ibhethri (uma amabhethri e-lithium efakiwe), kanti i-Argentina idinga ilebula yokulinganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla. Imininingwane Yokupakisha: Kudingeka ukupakisha okuvikela umswakama nokumelana nokushaqeka ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo womkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa kanye nokwehluleka okulandelayo ukuphumelela ukuhlolwa. Ukupakisha kumele kunamathisele ulwazi oluhambisana nelebula lomkhiqizo, futhi izinto ezenziwe ngezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa azivunyelwe (isb., ukupakisha kwe-redwood akuvunyelwe eBrazil). IMexico idinga igama nekheli lomthengisi ukuthi kuchazwe ngokucacile ephaketheni, kuyilapho i-Argentina idinga ulwazi lokuxhumana lomenzeli wendawo.

Imininingwane Yokwenziwa Kwendawo: Ngokuphathelene nolimi, isiPutukezi siyadingeka emakethe yaseBrazil, kanti isiSpanishi siyadingeka e-Argentina, eMexico, naseChile. Ukulebula ngezilimi ezimbili kunganciphisa izingozi zokuhambisana nomthetho. Ukuhambisana kwe-voltage kumele kuhambisane nezindinganiso zegridi yamandla endawo (i-220V/50Hz itholakala kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Melika; gwema imikhiqizo eyenzelwe i-North American 110V). Izinhlobo zama-plug kumele zihambisane (iBrazil isebenzisa i-NBR 14136 three-pin plug, i-Argentina isebenzisa i-IRAM 2063/2073 standard plug).

V. Izingozi Zokuthobela Imithetho Evamile kanye Nemikhuba Emisha Yemithethonqubo ngo-2025

Izingozi Zokuthobela Imithetho Ngokuvama Okuphezulu:
① Amaphutha okulebula (ukungasebenzisi ulimi lwendawo, inombolo yesitifiketi engekho, ukuphakama kwezinhlamvu okunganele), lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokubuyiselwa kwemali okuvela e-Argentina;
② Ukungalandeli imithetho yokuphepha kukagesi (ukumelana okwanele kwamandla aphezulu okushisa, amaphutha entambo yokusekela), okwenza kube ngu-70% wokwehluleka kokuhlolwa eBrazil;
③ Ukungalandeli imithetho yezinto ezibonakalayo (kufaka phakathi i-asbestos, ama-plasticizer amaningi), kuzoholela ekwenqatshweni okuqondile kanye nokufakwa ohlwini olumnyama lwemakethe;
④ Ukwehluleka ukuvuselela isitifiketi ngesikhathi esifanele (ukwehluleka ukuphinda uqinisekise ngemuva kokushintsha komklamo womkhiqizo), ukubhekana nezijeziso zokuphathwa kwemakethe.

Imithethonqubo Emisha ka-2025
① Ukuhlanganiswa Nokuthuthukiswa Kwesitifiketi: I-IRAM yase-Argentina isiqedile ukuhlanganiswa kophawu lwayo (i-S-Mark), yenza lula inqubo yokuqinisekisa futhi yehlisa umjikelezo wokuhlolwa kwedijithali ube amasonto angu-4-6 (kusukela emavikini angu-8);
② Ukwandiswa Kokuphepha Kwe-inthanethi: Amathuluzi kagesi ahlakaniphile kumele aphumelele isitifiketi se-UN/ECE R155 sokuphepha kwe-inthanethi, esihlanganisa ukubethela kwedatha kanye nezidingo zokuvikela ubungozi;
③ Imingcele Yokusetshenziswa Kahle Kagesi Eyengeziwe: I-Argentina neChile zizosebenzisa kancane kancane uhlelo lokulinganisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla, futhi imikhiqizo esetshenziswa kahle kakhulu (izinga 4-5) ingase ibhekane nemikhawulo yokungenisa impahla;
④ Ukuqapha Okukhulisiwe: I-INMETRO yaseBrazil yandise ububanzi bayo bokusampula imakethe, okuhlanganisa imikhiqizo evela eziteshini ze-e-commerce ngaphansi kokuqondisa okubalulekile, okwandisa izinga lokusampula libe ngu-15%.

Izincomo Zokuthobela Imithetho: Qala inqubo yokuqinisekisa izinyanga eziyi-6 kusengaphambili, ubeka phambili indlela yokuguqula umbiko we-CB ukuze unciphise izindleko zokuhlola; sungula indlela yokubuyekeza ilebula ukuze ugweme amaphutha olimi nolwazi; qaphela izibuyekezo zezindinganiso zikazwelonke (njengohlu lwamazinga waminyaka yonke olushicilelwe yi-IRAM) ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo okuqhubekayo.

Iwebhusayithi:https://www.tmax-tool.com/

I-imeyili: info@tmaxtool.com

I-Whatsapp:+8613655793577