Ka pāngia te mākete taputapu hiko o Euro e ngā paerewa whai huatanga pūngao hou o te tau 2026

Ngā Ture Hou mō te Mākete Utauta Hiko o Ūropi: Te Pānga o te Whakapai Ake i te Paerewa Whai Hua Pūngao o te tau 2026 ki ngā Ota Hokomaha

Te tatau whakamuri ki te whakahoutanga o te EU i te tau 2026 taputapu hiko Kua tīmata ngā paerewa whai hua o te pūngao. Hei mākete matua mō ngā kaweake taputapu hiko o te ao, ko te whakahoutanga a te EU i te ErP Directive (Ecodesign of Energy-related Products) ehara i te mea ka whakarerekē noa i ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau hua engari ka huri anō hoki i te arorau hokohoko rarawe o te mekameka ahumahi katoa.

I. Te Wetewete i ngā Ture Hou: Ngā Huringa Matua me ngā Paepae Whakatutuki mō te Whakapai Ake i te Pūngao o te tau 2026

Mai i te whakatinanatanga o te ErP Directive i te tau 2005, kua oti i te EU ngā whakahoutanga maha. Nā te whakatikatika o te tau 2023 (EU) Nama 2023/1791 i whakawhānui ake i ngā taputapu hiko ki te whānuitanga o te tirotiro ture matua, ā, i whakamāramahia te whakatinanatanga o te wāhanga tuarua o ngā paerewa whakapakari i te tau 2026. Ehara i te mea ko te whakapiki noa i ngā whakaritenga tau tēnei whakahoutanga; engari, ka whakatūria he pūnaha "whakahaere whai hua pūngao huringa ora katoa". E arotahi ana ngā huringa matua ki ngā taha e toru:

1. Te Whakapakari Takirua o ngā Tohu Whai Hua Pūngao
Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā paerewa wāhanga tuatahi o te tau 2025, ka whakakahangia e ngā ture hou o te tau 2026 ngā tohu matua mō te whai huatanga o te pūngao mō ngā taputapu hiko. Mō te whai huatanga o te motuka, kua piki ake te whakaritenga whai huatanga iti rawa mō ngā taputapu hiko taumata-ahumahi mai i te 82% ki te 88%, engari mō ngā taputapu waea kore-waea, kua piki ake mai i te 78% ki te 85%. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka whakakapia haeretia ngā motuka takai-raupapa tuku iho e ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu. Kua whakakahangia te kai hiko tūtatari, me te whakaiti i ngā taputapu waea mai i te 0.5W ki te 0.15W, ā, ka herea ngā taputapu waea kore ki te 0.05W i te wā moe. He rite tēnei paerewa ki ngā whakapainga whai huatanga i mahia i mua ki ngā rama LED.

2. Te kapinga paerewa whakamātautau whānui
Ko te paerewa o mua i arotahi noa ki te whakapaunga pūngao i te wā e whakamahia ana te hua, ko ngā ture hou o te tau 2026 i whakawhānui i te whakamātautau ki te huringa ora katoa o te hua: te hanga, te kawe, te whakamahi, me te hangarua. Me tuku e ngā kamupene ngā pūrongo tapuwae waro hua, e whakaatu ana ko ngā tukunga mai i te tukanga katoa mai i te tango rauemi mata ki te hangarua mutunga-ora e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga a te EU CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism). Hei tāpiri, kaua e iti iho i te 30% te ihirangi hangarua o ngā wāhanga kirihou, ā, me neke ake i te 85% te tere hangarua whānui. Mō ngā taputapu kore aho, kua whakapiki ake te paerewa whakamātautau huringa ora pākahiko mai i te 500 huringa utu me te tukunga ki te 1,000 huringa, ā, me whai pūkenga whakahaere mana atamai.

3. Whakapai Mamati o te Tirotiro Whakatutukitanga
Hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā ture, e hiahiatia ana e te EU kia tīmata i te tau 2026, me tukuake ngā raraunga hanganga ture katoa i te wā tūturu mā te "Pūtake Raraunga Whakaritenga Hua" (EPAC), tae atu ki ngā mōhiohio matua pēnei i ngā pūrongo whakamātautau, ngā raraunga whai huatanga pūngao, me ngā tataunga tapuwae waro. Me whakarite te whai i ngā ture mā te hangarau poraka mekameka. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, me tutuki i ngā kamupene ngā paerewa hangarau anake, engari me whakatū hoki i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere hanganga ture mamati; ki te kore, ka tūpono rātou ki te whakaroa i te tuku tono, ki te kore rānei e taea te arotake.

II. Ngā Pānga Matua e Whā ki ngā Ota Hokohoko Rahi: He Hanganga Whānui mai i te Huringa ki te Hanganga

Ko te pānga o ngā paerewa whai hua pūngao kua whakapaitia ki te hokohoko rarawe he nui atu i te taha kotahi o te tuku utu. Engari, ka puta he huringa nui ki ngā huringa ota, te arorau utu, te hanganga hua, tae atu ki ngā mahi tahi mā roto i ngā huringa whanonga i ngā taha e rua o te tuku me te tono.

1. Te Pānga o te "Huringa ā-rua" o te Huringa Tono

E ai ki ngā tauira o mua i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā ture a te EU, he maha ngā wā ka tere te tāuta i ngā paerewa whai huatanga pūngao hou i roto i ngā marama 12 i mua i te whakahoutanga, ā, muri iho ka puta he "wā urutau" me te hekenga 6-9 marama i muri i te whakahoutanga, ka puta he rerekētanga bimodal noa. I te wā i whakatinanahia ai e te EU ngā ture whakamahinga hiko tūtatari hou i te marama o Mei 2025, i kite ngā ota rarawe mō ngā hua pēnei i ngā pouara Wi-Fi i te pikinga 47% ia marama. Heoi, i heke iho ngā ota mā te 32% i roto i ngā marama e rua i muri i te whakatinanatanga o ngā ture hou. Te taputapu hiko E matapaetia ana ka hoki anō tēnei ia ki te umanga: mai i te mutunga o te tau 2025 ki te tīmatanga o te tau 2026, ka taea e ngā kaihokohoko Ūropi te whakatō i ngā taonga e rite ana ki ngā paerewa tawhito, ka piki ake ai ngā ota mō te wā poto. Heoi, mai i te hauwhā tuarua o te tau 2026, ka heke pea ngā ota mō te wā poto nā te korenga o ngā hua e rite ana ki ngā paerewa me te pēhanga kia whakakorea ngā taonga o ngā hua e rite ana ki ngā paerewa tawhito.

2. Te Hanga Anō i te Tukunga Utu o ngā Pūnaha Utu

Mā ngā whakapainga whai hua o te pūngao ka piki ake ngā utu whakaputa, ā, ka huri anō te arorau utu rarawe. Mai i te tirohanga mekameka tuku, ko te utu hoko mō ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu he 15%-20% teitei ake i ngā motuka tuku iho. Ko ngā hoahoa ara iahiko iti-mana e tutuki ana i ngā ture hou ka piki ake ngā utu R&D neke atu i te 25%. I te whakakotahitanga me ngā whakapaunga tāpiri mō te whakamātautau tapuwae waro me te whakahaere raraunga EPAC, ka piki ake te utu whānui o tētahi taputapu hiko kotahi mā te 12%-18%. Ka tukuna tēnei pēhanga utu mā roto i te mekameka rarawe: i tētahi taha, ka akiakihia ngā kaihoko ki tāwāhi ki te whakapiki i ngā utu tuku, ka piki ake ngā utu hoko mō ngā kaihokohoko rarawe; i tētahi atu taha, hei pupuri i ngā hua, ka tukuna pea e ngā kaihokohoko rarawe te 30%-50% o ēnei pikinga utu ki ngā kaihokohoko whakamutunga, ā, ka pā ki te tono o te mākete.

3. Te Whakatikatika i te Hanganga o te Hua: "Te Tango i te Mea Ngoikore, Te Pupuri i te Mea Kaha"

Mā ngā ture hou ka tere ake te whakakorenga o ngā hua koretake i te mākete, ā, ka akiakihia ngā ota rarawe ki ngā kāwai tino whai hua. I tēnei wā, tata ki te 35% o ngā taputapu hiko ringaringa i te mākete Pākehā kei te whakamahi tonu i ngā motuka e tutuki ana i te paerewa tawhito, ā, ka aukatia te hoko o ēnei hua i muri i te tau 2026. Nō reira, ko ngā hua kounga teitei me te whakahaere hiko atamai, ngā pākahiko roa te ora, me ngā hoahoa hangarua ka noho hei kaupapa matua o ngā ota rarawe. Mai i te tirohanga kāwai, nā te kaha ake o ngā whakaritenga whakapaunga hiko tūmatanui, ko te wahanga o ngā ota mō ngā taputapu hiko ka taea te whakahou ake ka piki ake mai i te 58% o nāianei ki te 75%. I roto i ngā taputapu taura, ko ngā hua hiko teitei o te taumata ahumahi anake ka mau tonu te tono pumau.

4. Te Whakahōhonu i te Herenga Whakatutuki i roto i ngā Hononga Mahi

Ka neke te huarahi mahi tahi i waenga i ngā kaihokohoko rarahi me ngā kaiwhakarato mai i te utu e arohia ana ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Kua tīmata ngā kaihokohoko rarahi rauemi hanga nui o Ūropi pērā i a Obi me Bauhaus ki te tono i ngā kaiwhakarato kia whakarato i te tiwhikete o mua mō te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te tau 2026, tae atu ki ngā pūrongo whakamātautau whai huatanga pūngao me ngā tuhinga kaute tapuwae waro i tukuna e ngā tari whakamātautau tuatoru. Kua whakauruhia e ētahi kaihokohoko rarahi ngā wāhanga tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ki roto i ngā kirimana wā roa, me te whakarite ko ngā kaiwhakarato ka utu i ngā utu o ngā whakahokinga taonga mēnā ka kore ngā hua e tutuki i ngā paerewa. Mā tēnei hononga here ka hangaia he arai whakauru kaha ake mō ngā kaihokohoko iti me te rahi-waenga, ko ngā waitohu he kaha ki te whakatutuki i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga i mua ka whiwhi i ngā ota maha atu.

III. Urupare-rua: He otinga mō ngā kaiwhakarato me ngā kaihokohoko rarawe

I te aroaro o te whakarerekētanga ota i puta mai i ngā ture hou o te tau 2026, me whakatū e ngā kaihokohoko taputapu hiko me ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o Ūropi he tikanga urupare kua whakaritea, me te neke atu i te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga ā-ture ki te whakamahere ā-tinana.

1. Ngā Kaihoko: Whakataetae mō te Mana Whakahaere o ngā Ota me ngā Āheinga Whakatutuki

Hangarau Rangahau me te Whakawhanake i mua i te Hangarau: Whakaritea ngā rauemi mō te Rangahau me te Whakawhanake i ngā hangarau matua pēnei i ngā motuka tukutahi aukume tuturu, ngā ara iahiko iti-mana, me ngā wāhanga kirihou hangarua. Mahi tahi me ngā whare wānanga, ngā whare rangahau rānei hei whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao, me te whakaoti i ngā whakahoutanga hua 6-8 marama i mua i te wā kia kore ai e ngaro ngā matapihi ota nā te whakaroa o te whakamātautau me te tiwhikete.
Whakapai Ake i te Mekameka Tuku Kakariki: Kōwhiria ngā kaiwhakarato rauemi mata he tohu taiao, whakatūria he pūnaha whakahaere tukunga VOC me te hangarua para totoka, me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao i roto i te whakaputanga mā te neke atu i te 10%, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tapuwae waro me te whakaiti i ngā utu tutuki i ngā ture.
Whakamamatihia ngā Tukanga Whakatutukitanga: Hono atu ki te pātengi raraunga EU EPAC i mua i te wā, whakatūria he pūnaha aunoa mō te tukuake i ngā raraunga whakamātautau hua, me te mahi tahi me ngā whakahaere pēnei i a SGS me TÜV ki te whakatū i tētahi ara tere mai i te whakamātautau ki te tiwhikete ki te whakapuakitanga, ka whakaitihia te huringa tutukitanga mai i te 3 marama ki raro iho i te 45 rā. Whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i mua i te tono: Hoatu ki ngā kaihokohoko rarahi he pūrongo "Wehewehenga Utu Whakatutukitanga + Tātaitanga Painga Whai Hua Pūngao". E whakaatu ana ēnei raraunga ahakoa ka piki ake te utu hoko o ngā hua whai hua nui mā te 5%-8%, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga te penapena neke atu i te 20% i runga i ā rātou pire hiko ā-tau, ka āwhina i ngā kaihokohoko rarahi ki te hanga whakapono ki te utu.

2. Ngā kaihokohoko rarahi o Ūropi: Whakaitihia ngā mōrearea mā te whakahaere rarangi taonga me te whakahaere kāwai.

Te whakamahere i te whakakorenga o ngā taonga: Te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere whakakorenga taumata mō ngā hua o nāianei i raro i te paerewa tawhito, me te whai kia oti te 70% o ngā taonga i mua i te mutunga o te tau 2025. Te whakatairanga i ngā hoko hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā hua kāore anō kia hokona, me te pupuri i te 30% o te wāhi whare putunga mō ngā hua hou i raro i te paerewa hou.

Te whakarōpūtanga me te tātaritanga o ngā kaiwhakarato: Whakatūria he "Pūnaha Whakatauranga Kaha Whakatutukitanga" hei whakarōpū i ngā kaiwhakarato i runga i ngā rahui hangarau, te ahunga whakamua o te tiwhikete, me te tapuwae waro. Whakatairangahia ngā kirimana roa me te 30% o runga o ngā kamupene kua tohua hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o te whakararuraru tuku. Te Arotautanga Hanganga Kāwai: Arotahi ki te whakapiki ake i te hoko o ngā hua tino whai hua pēnei i ngā wiri pānga kore aho me te kore paraihe. Mīhini Huri Kokis. E matapaetia ana ka eke te utu mō ēnei hua ki te 15%-20% i te mutunga o te tau i muri i te tau 2026. Whakaitihia te nui o ngā ota mō ngā taputapu taura iti te whai hua, ā, nekehia ngā rauemi ki ngā hua kounga ngaio.

IV. Te Auahatanga mō te Wā Roa: Ko te Whai Hua o te Pūngao ka noho hei Whakataetae Matua i roto i te Hokohoko Hokomaha

Ehara i te mea he kaupapa here motuhake ngā whakapainga whai huatanga pūngao i te tau 2026, engari he wāhanga nui o te whāinga kore-waro a te EU i te tau 2050. Mō te wā roa, te taputapu hiko rarawe Ka whakaatuhia e te hokohoko ngā au nui e toru: Tuatahi, ka noho ngā tapanga whai hua o te pūngao hei mea matua i roto i ngā whakataunga ota, me te pumau o te utu rarawe mō ngā hua A+++-ki runga ake i te 20%. Tuarua, ka piki haere te manakohia o ngā hua e whakakotahi ana i te "whai hua o te pūngao me te mātauranga", me ngā hua e whakaatu ana i te whakahaere kawenga urutau e kapi ana i te neke atu i te 60% o ngā ota teitei. Tuatoru, ka noho ngā kaha mekameka tuku matomato hei whakaritenga matua mō te mahi tahi, me ngā kamupene ka taea te whakarato taunakitanga o te tutuki i te huringa ora katoa e whakahaere ana i ngā hongere rarawe matua.