Miyezo Yatsopano ya Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamagetsi ya 2026 Imakhudza Msika wa Zida Zamagetsi ku Euro

Malamulo Atsopano a Msika wa Zida Zamagetsi ku Europe: Zotsatira za Kukweza kwa Muyezo Wogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu wa 2026 pa Maoda Ogulitsa Ambiri

Kuwerengera nthawi yobwerera ku EU mu 2026 chida chamagetsi Miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera yayamba. Monga msika waukulu wogulitsa zida zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi, kusintha kwa EU kwa ErP Directive (Ecodesign of Energy-related Products) sikungosintha tsatanetsatane waukadaulo wazinthu zokha komanso kudzasinthanso malingaliro amalonda azinthu zonse zamakampani.

I. Kusankha Malamulo Atsopano: Kusintha Kwakukulu ndi Mipata Yotsatira Malamulo a Kusintha kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Mwachangu kwa 2026

Kuyambira pomwe ErP Directive idakhazikitsidwa mu 2005, EU yasintha kangapo. Kusintha kwa 2023 (EU) No. 2023/1791 kudakulitsa zida zamagetsi m'malo ofunikira oyang'anira malamulo ndikuwunikira kukhazikitsidwa kwa gawo lachiwiri la miyezo yolimbikitsidwa mu 2026. Kusintha kumeneku kumapitirira kungokweza zofunikira pa manambala; m'malo mwake, kumakhazikitsa dongosolo la "kasamalidwe ka mphamvu kathunthu". Zosintha zazikulu zimayang'ana mbali zitatu:

1. Kulimbitsa Zizindikiro Zogwiritsira Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera Kawiri
Poyerekeza ndi miyezo yoyamba mu 2025, malamulo atsopano a 2026 adalimbitsa mwadongosolo zizindikiro zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi pazida zamagetsi. Ponena za magwiridwe antchito a injini, kufunikira kocheperako kosintha mphamvu pazida zamagetsi zamafakitale kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa 82% mpaka 88%, pomwe pazida zopanda zingwe zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja, kwawonjezeka kuchoka pa 78% mpaka 85%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma mota achikhalidwe okhala ndi zingwe zotsatizana pang'onopang'ono adzasinthidwa ndi ma mota okhazikika a maginito. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yoyimirira kwalimbikitsidwa, ndi zida zolumikizidwa ndi zingwe zachepetsedwa kuchoka pa 0.5W kufika pa 0.15W, ndi zida zopanda zingwe zotsekedwa pa 0.05W panthawi yogona. Muyezo uwu ndi wofanana ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito komwe kunapangidwa kale ndi nyali za LED.

2. Kufunika kwa mayeso okwana
Muyezo wakale unkangoyang'ana pa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chinthucho, pomwe malamulo atsopano a 2026 akuwonjezera mayeso ku moyo wonse wa chinthucho: kupanga, kunyamula, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kubwezeretsanso. Makampani akuyenera kupereka malipoti okhudza mpweya woipa wa zinthu, kusonyeza kuti mpweya wochokera mu ndondomeko yonse kuchokera ku kuchotsa zinthu zopangira mpaka kubwezeretsanso kumapeto kwa moyo ukukumana ndi zofunikira za EU CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism). Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'zigawo za pulasitiki sikuyenera kuchepera 30%, ndipo kuchuluka konse kobwezeretsanso kuyenera kupitirira 85%. Pazida zopanda zingwe, muyezo wa moyo wa batri wakwezedwa kuchoka pa 500 charge ndi discharge cycles kufika pa 1,000 cycles, ndipo mphamvu zoyendetsera mphamvu zanzeru ndizofunikira.

3. Kukweza kwa digito kwa kuyang'anira kutsatira malamulo
Kuti malamulo azigwira bwino ntchito, EU ikufuna kuti kuyambira mu 2026, deta yonse yotsatizana iyenera kutumizidwa nthawi yeniyeni kudzera mu "Product Compliance Database" (EPAC), kuphatikizapo mfundo zazikulu monga malipoti oyesa, deta yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera, ndi kuwerengera kwa mpweya woipa. Kutsata kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kudzera mu ukadaulo wa blockchain. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makampani sayenera kungokwaniritsa miyezo yaukadaulo komanso kukhazikitsa njira yoyendetsera malamulo a digito; apo ayi, akhoza kuchedwa kapena kulephera kuwunikanso.

II. Zotsatira Zinayi Zazikulu pa Maoda Ogulitsa: Kusintha Kwathunthu Kuchokera pa Njinga Kupita ku Kapangidwe

Zotsatira za miyezo yokweza mphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito bwino pa malonda ogulitsa zimapitirira gawo limodzi lokha la kutumiza ndalama. M'malo mwake, zimayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa kayendetsedwe ka dongosolo, malingaliro amitengo, kapangidwe ka zinthu, komanso mgwirizano kudzera mu kusintha kwa khalidwe kumbali zonse ziwiri zoperekera ndi zomwe zimafunidwa.

1. Zotsatira za "Kusinthasintha kwa Bimodal" kwa Dongosolo

Malinga ndi mbiri yakale mu kukhazikitsa malamulo a EU, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kufulumira kukhazikitsa miyezo yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera m'miyezi 12 isanafike kukweza, kutsatiridwa ndi "nthawi yosinthira" ndi miyezi 6-9 pambuyo pa kukweza, zomwe zimapangitsa kusinthasintha kwanthawi zonse kwa bimodal. Pamene EU idakhazikitsa malamulo atsopano ogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu mu Meyi 2025, maoda ogulitsa zinthu monga ma Wi-Fi routers adawona kuwonjezeka kwa 47% pamwezi. Komabe, maoda adatsika ndi 32% m'miyezi iwiri itatha kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo atsopano. Chida chamagetsi Makampani akuyembekezeka kubwereza izi: kuyambira kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2026, ogulitsa zinthu zambiri ku Europe akhoza kusunga zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yakale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maoda azikwera kwa kanthawi kochepa. Komabe, kuyambira kotala lachiwiri la chaka cha 2026, maoda angachepe kwakanthawi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yakale komanso kukakamizidwa kuti zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana ndi miyezo yakale zichotsedwe.

2. Kukonzanso Kutumiza Mtengo kwa Machitidwe a Mitengo

Kukweza mphamvu moyenera kumawonjezera mwachindunji ndalama zopangira, motero kusintha malingaliro amitengo yogulitsa zinthu zambiri. Kuchokera ku lingaliro la unyolo wopereka zinthu, mtengo wogulira ma mota okhazikika a maginito ogwirizana ndi 15%-20% kuposa ma mota achikhalidwe. Mapangidwe amagetsi otsika omwe amatsatira malamulo atsopano amawonjezera ndalama zofufuzira ndi chitukuko ndi zoposa 25%. Kuphatikiza ndi ndalama zowonjezera zoyesera mpweya ndi kasamalidwe ka deta ya EPAC, mtengo wonse wa chida chimodzi chamagetsi udzakwera ndi 12%-18%. Kupsinjika kwa mtengo kumeneku kudzatumizidwa kudzera mu unyolo wogulitsa zinthu zambiri: kumbali imodzi, ogulitsa kunja adzakakamizika kukweza mitengo yogulitsa zinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogulira zinthu zambiri zikhale zapamwamba; kumbali ina, ogulitsa zinthu zambiri, kuti asunge phindu, angapereke 30%-50% ya kukwera kwa mtengo kumeneku kwa ogulitsa zinthu zomaliza, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakhudza kufunikira kwa msika.

3. Kusintha kwa Kapangidwe ka Zinthu: "Kuchotsa Ofooka, Kusunga Amphamvu"

Malamulo atsopanowa athandiza kuti msika uchotse zinthu zosagwira ntchito bwino ndikupangitsa kuti maoda ogulitsa ambiri azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu ogwira ntchito bwino. Pakadali pano, pafupifupi 35% ya zida zamagetsi zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'manja pamsika waku Europe zikugwiritsabe ntchito injini zomwe zikukwaniritsa muyezo wakale, ndipo kugulitsa zinthuzi kudzaletsedwa pambuyo pa 2026. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zokhala ndi mphamvu yanzeru, mabatire okhalitsa, komanso mapangidwe obwezerezedwanso zidzakhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa maoda ogulitsa ambiri. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a gulu, chifukwa cha zofunikira zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu nthawi yayitali, gawo la maoda a zida zamagetsi zomwe zingabwezeretsedwenso likhoza kuwonjezeka kuchokera pa 58% mpaka 75%. Pakati pa zida zolumikizidwa ndi zingwe, zinthu zamagetsi zapamwamba zokha ndi zomwe zidzasunga kufunikira kokhazikika.

4. Kulimbitsa Kugwirizana mu Mgwirizano

Njira yogwirizana pakati pa ogulitsa zinthu ndi ogulitsa idzasintha kuchoka pa kutsata mitengo kupita pa kutsatira malamulo. Ogulitsa zinthu zazikulu ku Europe monga Obi ndi Bauhaus ayamba kufuna ogulitsa kuti apereke chitsimikizo cha kutsatira malamulo a 2026, kuphatikizapo malipoti oyesa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso zikalata zowerengera ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mabungwe oyesa zinthu zakunja. Ogulitsa ena ogulitsa zinthu ambiri aphatikizanso mfundo zotsatizana ndi malamulo m'mapangano a nthawi yayitali, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ogulitsa azilipira ndalama zobweza katundu ngati zinthu sizikugwirizana ndi miyezo. Ubale womangirirawu umapangitsa kuti pakhale choletsa cholowera kwa ogulitsa zinthu ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, pomwe makampani omwe ali ndi kuthekera kokwaniritsa kutsatira malamulo asanayambe ntchito adzalandira maoda ambiri.

III. Yankho la Njira Ziwiri: Yankho la Ogulitsa ndi Ogulitsa Ambiri

Poyang'anizana ndi kusintha kwa malamulo komwe kwachitika chifukwa cha malamulo atsopano a 2026, ogulitsa zida zamagetsi ndi ogulitsa ambiri aku Europe akuyenera kukhazikitsa njira yogwirizana yothanirana ndi mavuto, kuchoka pakutsatira malamulo osachitapo kanthu kupita ku kukonzekera mwachangu.

1. Ogulitsa Zinthu Kunja: Kupikisana Kuti Alamulire Maoda Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zogwirizana ndi Malamulo

Ukadaulo Woyamba Kufufuza ndi Kupititsa Patsogolo: Ikani patsogolo zinthu zofunika pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wapakati monga ma mota okhazikika a maginito ogwirizana, ma circuits otsika mphamvu, ndi zida zapulasitiki zobwezerezedwanso. Gwirizanani ndi mayunivesite kapena mabungwe ofufuza kuti muwongolere kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera, kumaliza kubwerezabwereza kwa zinthu miyezi 6-8 pasadakhale kuti mupewe kusowa kwa nthawi yoyitanitsa chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa mayeso ndi satifiketi.
Kukweza Unyolo Wogulitsa Zinthu Zobiriwira: Sankhani ogulitsa zinthu zopangira zinthu zokhala ndi ziphaso zoteteza chilengedwe, kukhazikitsa njira zowongolera mpweya wa VOC ndi njira zobwezeretsanso zinyalala zolimba, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu popanga ndi zoposa 10%, potero kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mpweya woipa ndikuchepetsa ndalama zotsatirira malamulo.
Sinthani Njira Zotsatirira Malamulo pa Intaneti: Lumikizanani ndi database ya EU EPAC pasadakhale, khazikitsani njira yodziyimira yokha yokwezera deta yoyesera zinthu, ndikugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi mabungwe monga SGS ndi TÜV kuti mukhazikitse njira yofulumira kuyambira pakuyesa mpaka kutsimikizira mpaka kulengeza, kuchepetsa nthawi yotsatirira malamulo kuchokera pa miyezi itatu mpaka masiku osakwana 45. Kulankhulana pasadakhale: Perekani kwa ogulitsa ambiri lipoti la "Kusanthula Mtengo Wotsatira Malamulo + Kuwerengera Phindu la Mphamvu Yogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu". Deta iyi ikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale mtengo wogulira zinthu zogwira ntchito bwino ungakwere ndi 5%-8%, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusunga ndalama zoposa 20% pa mabilu awo apachaka amagetsi, kuthandiza ogulitsa ambiri kukhala ndi chidaliro pamitengo.

2. Ogulitsa zinthu zambiri ku Ulaya: Kuchepetsa zoopsa kudzera mu kasamalidwe ka zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo ndi magulu.

Kukonzekera kuchotsera katundu: Pangani dongosolo lochotsera katundu pazinthu zomwe zilipo kale motsatira muyezo wakale, cholinga chake ndi kumaliza 70% ya katundu pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025. Limbikitsani malonda kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha zinthu zosagulitsidwa, pomwe mukusunga 30% ya malo osungiramo zinthu zatsopano motsatira muyezo watsopano.

Kuyang'anira ndi kuwunika magawo a ogulitsa: Khazikitsani "Njira Yowerengera Mphamvu Yotsatira Malamulo" kuti muyike ogulitsa kutengera zomwe zasungidwa paukadaulo, kupita patsogolo kwa satifiketi, ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa. Ikani patsogolo mapangano a nthawi yayitali ndi makampani apamwamba 30% omwe ali ndi ziyeneretso kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha kusokonezeka kwa zinthu. Kukonza Kapangidwe ka Gulu: Yang'anani kwambiri pakuwonjezera kugula zinthu zogwira ntchito bwino monga zoyeserera zopanda zingwe ndi burashi Chopukusira ngodyas. Zogulitsazi zikuyembekezeka kukhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba wa 15%-20% kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2026. Chepetsani gawo la maoda a zida zolumikizidwa ndi zingwe zotsika mtengo ndikusamutsa zinthu kupita ku zinthu zapamwamba.

IV. Njira Yanthawi Yaitali: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Moyenera Kumakhala Mpikisano Waukulu mu Malonda Ogulitsa Ambiri

Kukweza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu mu 2026 si mfundo yokhayokha, koma ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la cholinga cha EU cha 2050 choletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya woipa. chida chamagetsi chogulitsa Malonda adzawonetsa zinthu zitatu zazikulu: Choyamba, zilembo zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera zidzakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zisankho, pomwe mtengo wapamwamba wa zinthu zomwe zili ndi A+++-rated zidzakhazikika pa 20%. Chachiwiri, zinthu zomwe zikuphatikiza "kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera komanso nzeru" zidzakondedwa kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zomwe zili ndi malamulo oyendetsera katundu wosinthika zimakhala zoposa 60% ya maoda apamwamba. Chachitatu, kuthekera kogulitsa zinthu zobiriwira kudzakhala chofunikira kwambiri pa mgwirizano, ndi makampani omwe angapereke umboni woti akutsatira malamulo onse a moyo wawo wonse ndi omwe akutsogolera njira zazikulu zogulitsira.