Imigangatho emitsha yokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla ka-2026 ichaphazela iMarike yeZixhobo zamandla ze-Euro

Imithetho emitsha yeMarike yeZixhobo zaMandla zaseYurophu: Impembelelo yoPhuculo lweMigangatho yokuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla ka-2026 kwiiodolo ezithengiswa ngobuninzi

Ukubala ukwehla ukuya kuphuculo lwe-EU ngo-2026 isixhobo samandla imigangatho yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla iqalile. Njengemarike ephambili yokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zamandla kwihlabathi liphela, ukuhlaziywa kwe-EU kwe-ErP Directive (i-Ecodesign yeeMveliso ezinxulumene namandla) akuyi kulungisa kuphela iinkcukacha zobugcisa bemveliso kodwa kuya kutshintsha nengqiqo yorhwebo oluthengiswa ngobuninzi lwekhonkco lonke loshishino.

I. Ukucacisa iMithetho eMitsha: Utshintsho oluPhambili kunye neMida yokuThotyelwa kweMithetho yoPhuculo lokuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngo-2026

Ukusukela oko kuphunyezwe i-ErP Directive ngo-2005, i-EU igqibe uhlaziyo oluninzi. Isilungiso sika-2023 (i-EU) No. 2023/1791 sandisa ngakumbi izixhobo zamandla ukuya kwinqanaba lolawulo oluphambili kwaye sacacisa ukuphunyezwa kwesigaba sesibini semigangatho eqinisiweyo ngo-2026. Olu phuculo ludlula nje ukuphakamisa iimfuno zamanani; endaweni yoko, luseka inkqubo "yolawulo olupheleleyo lwamandla olusebenzayo". Utshintsho oluphambili lugxile kwiinkalo ezintathu:

1. Ukuqiniswa kabini kweZibonakaliso zokuSebenza kakuhle kwamandla
Xa kuthelekiswa nemigangatho yesigaba sokuqala ngo-2025, imithetho emitsha ka-2026 iqinisa ngokucwangcisiweyo izalathisi zokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ezixhobo zamandla. Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza kakuhle kweemoto, imfuneko yokusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa kwezixhobo zamandla ezikumgangatho wemizi-mveliso inyusiwe ukusuka kwi-82% ukuya kwi-88%, ngelixa kwizixhobo ezingenazintambo eziphathwayo, inyusiwe ukusuka kwi-78% ukuya kwi-85%. Oku kuthetha ukuba iimoto zemveli ezisebenzisa uthotho lwezixhobo ziya kuthatyathelwa indawo kancinci kancinci ziimoto ezihlala zihleli ezihambelanayo zemagnethi. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okulindileyo kuqinisiwe, izixhobo ezineentambo zincitshisiwe ukusuka kwi-0.5W ukuya kwi-0.15W, kunye nezixhobo ezingenantambo zigqunywe kwi-0.05W ngexesha lokulala. Lo mgangatho uyafana nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kakuhle okwenziwe ngaphambili kwizibane ze-LED.

2. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo olusemgangathweni olugutyungelweyo
Umgangatho wangaphambili ugxile kuphela ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla ngexesha lesigaba sokusetyenziswa kwemveliso, ngelixa imigaqo emitsha ka-2026 yandisa uvavanyo kuyo yonke ijikelezo lobomi bemveliso: imveliso, uthutho, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokurisayikilisha. Iinkampani kufuneka zingenise iingxelo zekhabhoni yemveliso, ezibonisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kwinkqubo yonke ukusuka ekukhutshweni kwezinto eziluhlaza ukuya ekurisayikilisheni ekupheleni kobomi kuhlangabezana neemfuno ze-EU CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism). Ngaphezu koko, umxholo orisayikilishiweyo wezinto zeplastiki akufuneki ube ngaphantsi kwe-30%, kwaye izinga lorisayikilisho lilonke kufuneka lidlule kwi-85%. Kwizixhobo ezingenazintambo, umgangatho wovavanyo lobomi bomjikelo webhetri uphakanyisiwe ukusuka kwi-500 charge kunye ne-discharge cycles ukuya kwi-1,000 cycles, kwaye kufuneka amandla olawulo lwamandla akrelekrele.

3. Ukuphuculwa kweDijithali kokuLawulwa kokuThotyelwa kweMithetho
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kolawulo, i-EU ifuna ukuba ukususela ngo-2026, yonke idatha yokuthobela imithetho mayilayishwe ngexesha langempela nge-"Product Compliance Database" (EPAC), kubandakanya ulwazi oluphambili olufana neengxelo zovavanyo, idatha yokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla, kunye nokubalwa kwe-carbon footprint. Ukulandelelana kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ngetekhnoloji ye-blockchain. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkampani akufuneki zihlangabezane nemigangatho yobugcisa kuphela kodwa zikwamisele inkqubo yolawulo lokuthobela imithetho yedijithali; kungenjalo, zibeka emngciphekweni wokulibaziseka okanye ukungaphumeleli kokuhlola.

II. Iimpembelelo ezine eziphambili kwii-odolo ezithengiswa ngobuninzi: Uhlengahlengiso olupheleleyo ukusuka kwibhayisekile ukuya kwisakhiwo

Impembelelo yemigangatho yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kurhwebo oluthengiswa ngobuninzi idlula umda omnye wokudluliselwa kweendleko. Endaweni yoko, ibangela utshintsho olukhulu kwimijikelo yemiyalelo, ingqiqo yamaxabiso, ulwakhiwo lwemveliso, kwanobudlelwane ngokusebenzisa utshintsho lokuziphatha kumacala omabini obonelelo kunye nemfuno.

1. Isiphumo "sokuguquguquka kweBimodal" soMjikelo woHlelo

Ngokweepateni zembali ekuphunyezweni kwemithetho ye-EU, kukho ukungxama kokufaka imigangatho emitsha yokonga amandla kwiinyanga ezili-12 ngaphambi kokuphuculwa, kulandele "ixesha lohlengahlengiso" kunye neenyanga ezi-6-9 emva kokuphuculwa, okudala ukuguquguquka okuqhelekileyo kwe-bimodal. Xa i-EU yaqalisa imigaqo emitsha yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okulinda ngoMeyi ka-2025, ii-odolo ezithengiswa ngobuninzi zeemveliso ezifana nee-routers ze-Wi-Fi zibone ukunyuka kwama-47% ngenyanga ngenyanga. Nangona kunjalo, ii-odolo zehle ngama-32% kwiinyanga ezimbini emva kokuphunyezwa kwemithetho emitsha. Isixhobo samandla Kulindeleke ukuba imboni iphinda le ndlela: ukususela ekupheleni kuka-2025 ukuya ekuqaleni kuka-2026, abathengisi baseYurophu ngobuninzi banokugcina izinto ezithengiswayo ngokwemigangatho emidala, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kwexesha elifutshane kwee-odolo. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela kwikota yesibini ka-2026, ii-odolo zisenokuhlangabezana nokwehla okwethutyana ngenxa yokunqongophala kweemveliso ezithengiswayo kunye noxinzelelo lokususa izinto ezithengiswayo ngokwemigangatho emidala.

2. Uhlengahlengiso lweNkqubo yoThumelo lweeNdleko zeNkqubo zoXabiso

Ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla kwandisa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zemveliso, ngaloo ndlela kutshintsha indlela yokuxabisa amaxabiso ngobuninzi. Ngokwembono yekhonkco lokubonelela, iindleko zokuthenga iimoto ezisisigxina zemagnethi ezihambelanayo ziphezulu nge-15%-20% kuneemoto zemveli. Uyilo lweesekethe zamandla aphantsi ezihambelana nemigaqo emitsha zonyusa iindleko zoR&D ngaphezulu kwe-25%. Zidibene neendleko ezongezelelweyo zovavanyo lwekhabhoni kunye nolawulo lwedatha ye-EPAC, iindleko zizonke zesixhobo esinye samandla ziya kunyuka nge-12%-18%. Olu xinzelelo lweendleko luya kudluliselwa ngekhonkco lokuthengisa ngobuninzi: kwelinye icala, abathumeli ngaphandle baya kunyanzelwa ukuba banyuse amaxabiso okubonelela, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiindleko zokuthenga eziphezulu kubathengisi ngobuninzi; kwelinye icala, abathengisi ngobuninzi, ukuze bagcine inzuzo, banokudlulisela kwi-30%-50% yolu nyuko lweendleko kubathengisi bokugqibela, ekugqibeleni luchaphazele imfuno yemarike.

3. Uhlengahlengiso loBume beMveliso: "Ukucocwa kwababuthathaka, Ukugcinwa kwabo banamandla"

Le mithetho mitsha iza kukhawulezisa ukususwa kweemveliso ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwimarike kwaye iqhubele phambili ii-odolo ezithengiswa ngobuninzi ukuya kwiindidi ezisebenzayo kakhulu. Okwangoku, malunga ne-35% yezixhobo zamandla eziphathwayo kwimarike yaseYurophu zisasebenzisa iimoto ezihlangabezana nomgangatho omdala, kwaye ukuthengiswa kwezi mveliso kuya kuthintelwa emva kowama-2026. Ngoko ke, iimveliso eziphezulu ezinemithetho yamandla ekrelekrele, iibhetri ezihlala ixesha elide, kunye noyilo olunokurisayikilishwa ziya kuba zezona ziphambili kwii-odolo ezithengiswa ngobuninzi. Ngokwembono yodidi, ngenxa yeemfuno ezingqongqo zokusetyenziswa kwamandla okulinda, isabelo see-odolo zezixhobo zamandla ezinokurisayikilishwa sinokunyuka ukusuka kwi-58% ukuya kwi-75%. Phakathi kwezixhobo ezineentambo, ziimveliso zamandla aphezulu kuphela ezikumgangatho ophezulu eziya kugcina imfuno ezinzileyo.

4. Ukugxininisa ukuQinisekisa ukuThotyelwa kweMithetho kwiNtsebenziswano

Indlela yokusebenzisana phakathi kwabathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi kunye nababoneleli iza kutshintsha ukusuka ekujoliseni amaxabiso ukuya ekuthobeleni imithetho kuqala. Abathengisi abakhulu bezinto zokwakha baseYurophu abanjengo-Obi noBauhaus baqalile ukufuna ababoneleli ukuba banikezele ngesiqinisekiso sangaphambi kokuthobela imithetho sowama-2026, kubandakanya iingxelo zovavanyo lokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye namaxwebhu okubalwa kwe-carbon footprint akhutshwe zii-arhente zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu. Abanye abathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi bade bafaka imigqaliselo yokuthobela imithetho kwizivumelwano zexesha elide, bemisela ukuba ababoneleli baya kuthwala iindleko zokurhoxiswa kwezinto ukuba iimveliso azihlangabezani nemigangatho. Olu budlelwane bokubopha budala umqobo ongqongqo wokungena kubathumeli bangaphandle abancinci nabaphakathi, ngelixa iimpawu ezinokukwazi ukufikelela ekuthobeleni imithetho ngaphambi kokuqalisa ziya kufumana ii-odolo ezingaphezulu.

III. Impendulo Ehamba Phambili: Isisombululo Sababoneleli Nabathengisi Abathengisa Ngobuninzi

Njengoko bejongene nohlengahlengiso lwemiyalelo olubangelwe yimithetho emitsha ka-2026, abathengisi bezixhobo zamandla kunye nabathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi baseYurophu kufuneka baseke indlela yokusabela edibeneyo, ukusuka ekuthobeleni ngaphandle kokuthobela imithetho ukuya ekucwangciseni kwangaphambili.

1. Abathumeli-mpahla kwamanye amazwe: Bakhuphisana ngokuLawula ii-odolo ngezakhono zokuthobela imithetho

Ubuchwepheshe Ngaphambi koR&D: Beka phambili izixhobo zeR&D zobuchwepheshe obuphambili ezifana neemoto ezihlala zisebenza ngemagnethi, iisekethe zamandla aphantsi, kunye nezixhobo zeplastiki ezisetyenzisiweyo. Sebenzisana neeyunivesithi okanye amaziko ophando ukuze uphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ugqibezele ukuphindaphinda kwemveliso kwiinyanga ezi-6-8 kwangaphambili ukuze uphephe ukulahleka kwee-odolo ngenxa yokulibaziseka kovavanyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa.
Ukuphuculwa kweCandelo loNikezelo oluLuhlaza: Khetha ababoneleli bezinto eziluhlaza abaneziqinisekiso zokusingqongileyo, umisele iinkqubo zolawulo lokukhupha i-VOC kunye neenkqubo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma eqinileyo, kwaye unciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwimveliso ngaphezulu kwe-10%, ngaloo ndlela uhlangabezana neemfuno zekhabhoni kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuthobela imithetho.
Yenza iiNkqubo zokuthobela imithetho zibe zedijithali: Qhagamshela kwisiseko sedatha se-EU EPAC kwangaphambili, misela inkqubo ezenzekelayo yokulayisha idatha yovavanyo lwemveliso, kwaye usebenzisane nemibutho efana ne-SGS kunye ne-TÜV ukuseka umkhondo okhawulezayo ukusuka kuvavanyo ukuya kwisatifikethi ukuya kwisibhengezo, ukunciphisa umjikelo wokuthobela imithetho ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-3 ukuya kwiintsuku ezingaphantsi kwama-45. Unxibelelwano lwe-oda kwangaphambili: Nika abathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi ingxelo ethi "Ukwahlulwa kweendleko zokuthobela imithetho + Ukubalwa kwezibonelelo zokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla". Le datha ibonisa ukuba nangona ixabiso lokuthenga iimveliso ezisebenza kakuhle linokunyuka nge-5%-8%, abasebenzisi bokugqibela banokonga ngaphezulu kwe-20% kwiibhili zabo zombane zonyaka, ukunceda abathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi bakhe ukuzithemba kumaxabiso.

2. Abathengisi abathengisa ngobuninzi baseYurophu: Nciphisa iingozi ngokulawula izinto ezithengiswayo kunye nolawulo lweendidi.

Ucwangciso lokususwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo: Phuhlisa isicwangciso sokususwa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokwemigangatho yamanqanaba kwiimveliso ezikhoyo phantsi komgangatho omdala, ujonge ukugqiba i-70% yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ekupheleni kuka-2025. Khuthaza ukuthengiswa ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko weemveliso ezingathengiswanga, ngelixa ugcina i-30% yendawo yokugcina izinto kwiimveliso ezintsha phantsi komgangatho omtsha.

Ukubeka amanqanaba kunye nokuhlola abathengisi: Misela "iNkqubo yokuHlola ukuThotyelwa koMthetho" ukuze uhlele abathengisi ngokusekelwe kwiimali ezigciniweyo zobugcisa, inkqubela phambili yesatifikethi, kunye ne-carbon footprint. Beka phambili izivumelwano zexesha elide kunye neenkampani eziphezulu ezingama-30% ezilinganisiweyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kweenkonzo. Ukulungiswa koBume boHlelo: Gxila ekwandiseni ukuthengwa kweemveliso ezisebenzayo kakhulu ezifana nee-cordless impact drills kunye ne-brushless Isixhobo sokuGqiba i-Angles. Ezi mveliso kulindeleke ukuba zifumane iprimiyamu ye-15%-20% ekupheleni konyaka emva kowama-2026. Nciphisa isabelo seeodolo zezixhobo ezifakwe iintambo ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwaye utshintshele izixhobo kwiimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

IV. Ithrendi yexesha elide: Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kuba luKhuphiswano oluPhambili kuRhwebo oluThengisa ngobuninzi

Ukuphuculwa kokusetyenziswa kakuhle kwamandla ngo-2026 asingomgaqo-nkqubo ozimeleyo, kodwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenjongo ye-EU yokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni ka-2050. Ixesha elide, isixhobo samandla esithengiswa ngobuninzi urhwebo luza kubonisa iindlela ezintathu eziphambili: Okokuqala, iilebhile zokusebenzisa amandla kakuhle ziya kuba yinto ephambili kwizigqibo ze-odolo, kunye ne-premium yokuthengisa ngobuninzi yeemveliso ezilinganiswe yi-A+++ ezizinzileyo ngaphezulu kwama-20%. Okwesibini, iimveliso ezidibanisa "ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nobukrelekrele" ziya kuthandwa ngakumbi, kunye neemveliso ezine-adaptive load regulation ezibalelwa ngaphezulu kwama-60% ee-odolo eziphezulu. Okwesithathu, amandla okuhambisa izinto eziluhlaza aya kuba yimfuneko ephambili yentsebenziswano, kunye neenkampani ezinokubonelela ngobungqina bokuthobela ngokupheleleyo umjikelo wobomi zilawula iindlela eziphambili zokuthengisa ngobuninzi.