Amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2026 agenga imikorere myiza y'ingufu agira ingaruka ku isoko ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya Euro

Amabwiriza Mashya ku Isoko ry'Ibikoresho by'Ingufu by'i Burayi: Ingaruka z'Ivugurura ry'Ingengo y'Imari yo mu 2026 ku Bicuruzwa Bigurishwa mu Bucuruzi Bunini

Kubara igihe cyo kuvugurura EU mu 2026 igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gukoresha neza ingufu byatangiye. Nk'isoko ry'ingenzi ry'ibicuruzwa by'amashanyarazi byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi, ivugurura rya EU ry'amabwiriza ya ErP (Ecodesign of Energy-related Products) ntirizahindura gusa imiterere y'ibicuruzwa ahubwo rizahindura imiterere y'ubucuruzi bw'inganda zose.

I. Gusobanura Amabwiriza Mashya: Impinduka z'ingenzi n'Ingamba zo Kugenzura Iyubahirizwa ry'Amategeko mu Kuvugurura Ikoreshwa ry'Ingufu mu 2026

Kuva mu gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza ya ErP mu 2005, EU imaze gukora ivugurura rinini. Ivugurura ryo mu 2023 (EU) No. 2023/1791 ryongereye ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi mu rwego rwo kugenzura amategeko y'ingenzi no gusobanura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'icyiciro cya kabiri cy'amahame ahamye mu 2026. Iri vugurura rirenze kuzamura ibisabwa mu mibare gusa; ahubwo rishyiraho uburyo "bwuzuye bwo gucunga neza ingufu". Impinduka z'ingenzi zibanda ku ngingo eshatu:

1. Ibyerekezo bibiri byo kongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza ingufu
Ugereranyije n'amahame ngenderwaho yo mu cyiciro cya mbere mu 2025, amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2026 yashimangiye uburyo ingufu zikoreshwa neza ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Ku bijyanye n'imikorere myiza ya moteri, igipimo cy'imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byo mu rwego rw'inganda cyongerewe kuva kuri 82% kugera kuri 88%, mu gihe ku bikoresho bikoresha insinga, byongerewe kuva kuri 78% kugera kuri 85%. Ibi bivuze ko moteri zisanzwe zikoresha uruhererekane rw'ibikomere zizasimburwa buhoro buhoro na moteri zihoraho zikoresha magnet synchronous. Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ryakomeje gukazwa, ibikoresho bifite insinga byagabanutse kuva kuri 0.5W kugera kuri 0.15W, n'ibikoresho bidafite insinga bipfundikirwa kuri 0.05W mu gihe cyo gusinzira. Iri hame rigereranywa n'ivugurura ry'imikorere ryakozwe mbere ku matara ya LED.

2. Uburyo bwo gupima busesuye
Amabwiriza yabanje yibanze gusa ku ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu gihe cyo gukoresha ibicuruzwa, mu gihe amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2026 yongerera igeragezwa ku buzima bwose bw'ibicuruzwa: gukora, gutwara, gukoresha, no kongera gukoresha. Ibigo birasabwa gutanga raporo z'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bigaragaza ko imyuka ihumanya ikirere iva mu gukuramo ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku kongera gukoresha ibikoresho mu gihe cy'ibiza ihuye n'ibisabwa na EU CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism). Byongeye kandi, ingano y'ibice bya pulasitiki ishobora kongera gukoreshwa igomba kuba munsi ya 30%, kandi igipimo rusange cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho bigomba kurenga 85%. Ku bikoresho bidafite insinga, igipimo cy'ubuzima bw'igerageza rya bateri cyazamuwe kuva ku nshuro 500 zo gushyushya no gusohora ibicuruzwa kigera ku nshuro 1.000, kandi ubushobozi bwo gucunga ingufu buracyakenewe.

3. Kuvugurura uburyo bwo kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga
Kugira ngo kunoze imikorere myiza y’amategeko, EU isaba ko guhera mu 2026, amakuru yose yerekeye kubahiriza amategeko agomba gushyirwa mu buryo bwihuse binyuze muri "Ibikoresho Bishinzwe Iyubahirizwa ry’Amategeko" (EPAC), harimo n’amakuru y’ingenzi nka raporo z’ibizamini, amakuru ajyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’ingufu, n’ibarura ry’ibipimo bya karuboni. Gukurikirana amakuru bigomba kwemezwa binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya blockchain. Ibi bivuze ko amasosiyete agomba kuba yujuje gusa amahame ya tekiniki ahubwo anashyiraho uburyo bwo gucunga amategeko y’ikoranabuhanga; bitabaye ibyo, ashobora gutinda gutanga amakuru cyangwa gusuzuma amakosa.

II. Ingaruka enye z'ingenzi ku byo gutumiza ku giciro gito: Ivugurura rirambuye kuva ku igare kugeza ku miterere

Ingaruka z’amahame agezweho yo gukoresha neza ingufu ku bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa byinshi zirenze urugero rumwe rwo kohereza ikiguzi. Ahubwo, bitera impinduka zikomeye mu migendekere y’amabwiriza, ibiciro, imiterere y’ibicuruzwa, ndetse n’ubufatanye binyuze mu mpinduka mu myitwarire haba ku mpande zombi zitanga umusaruro n’izisabwa.

1. Ingaruka z'"Ihindagurika ry'Imirongo Ibiri" ry'Uruhererekane rw'Imirongo

Dukurikije amateka y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amategeko agenga EU, ubusanzwe habaho kwihuta gushyiraho amahame mashya agenga ikoreshwa ry’ingufu mu mezi 12 mbere y’ivugurura, hagakurikiraho "igihe cyo guhindura imikorere" n’amezi 6-9 nyuma yo kuvugurura, bigatuma habaho ihindagurika risanzwe ry’uburyo bwo gukoresha ingufu mu buryo bubiri. Ubwo EU yashyiraga mu bikorwa amabwiriza mashya agenga ikoreshwa ry’ingufu muri Gicurasi 2025, ibicuruzwa nka router za Wi-Fi byatumijwe mu bucuruzi bwinshi byiyongeraho 47% mu kwezi. Ariko, ibicuruzwa byatumijwe byagabanutseho 32% mu mezi abiri nyuma y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amabwiriza mashya. Igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi Inganda zitezweho kongera kuba nk'iyi ngeso: kuva mu mpera za 2025 kugeza mu ntangiriro za 2026, abacuruza ibicuruzwa byinshi b'i Burayi bashobora kubika ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa n'amahame bishaje, bigatuma ibicuruzwa byiyongera mu gihe gito. Ariko, guhera mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya 2026, ibicuruzwa bishobora kugabanuka by'agateganyo bitewe n'ibura ry'ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa n'igitutu cyo gukuraho ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa n'amabwiriza bishaje.

2. Kuvugurura uburyo bwo kohereza ibiciro mu buryo bwo gutanga ibiciro

Kuvugurura ingufu neza byongera ikiguzi cy’umusaruro, bityo bigahindura ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa byinshi. Ukurikije uburyo bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa, ikiguzi cyo kugura moteri zihoraho zihuza ingufu za magnet kiri hejuru ya 15%-20% ugereranyije na moteri zisanzwe. Imiterere y’amashanyarazi make ikurikiza amabwiriza mashya yongera ikiguzi cyo gusesengura no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi ku kigero kirenga 25%. Hamwe n’amafaranga yongeweho yo gupima karubone no gucunga amakuru ya EPAC, ikiguzi rusange cy’igikoresho kimwe cy’amashanyarazi kiziyongeraho 12%-18%. Iki gitutu cy’ikiguzi kizanyuzwa mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa byinshi: ku ruhande rumwe, abohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bazahatirwa kuzamura ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, bigatuma ibiciro byo kugura ku bacuruzi benshi bizamuka; ku rundi ruhande, abacuruzi benshi, kugira ngo bakomeze inyungu, bashobora kohereza 30%-50% by’ibi biciro ku bacuruzi ba nyuma, amaherezo bigira ingaruka ku busabe bw’isoko.

3. Guhindura imiterere y'ibicuruzwa: "Gukuraho intege nke, gukomeza imbaraga"

Amabwiriza mashya azihutisha gukuraho ibicuruzwa bidakora neza ku isoko kandi atume ibicuruzwa bigurishwa mu bucuruzi bunini bijya mu byiciro by’ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu nyinshi. Kuri ubu, hafi 35% by’ibikoresho bikoresha ingufu bikoreshwa mu ntoki ku isoko ry’i Burayi biracyakoresha moteri zujuje ubuziranenge bwa kera, kandi kugurisha ibyo bicuruzwa bizahagarikwa nyuma ya 2026. Bityo, ibicuruzwa bigezweho bifite amabwiriza y’ingufu agezweho, bateri ziramba, n’imiterere ishobora kongera gukoreshwa bizaba ari byo bicuruzwa bigurishwa mu bucuruzi bunini. Mu rwego rw’icyiciro, bitewe n’ibisabwa bikomeye byo gukoresha ingufu mu gihe cyo guhagarara, umubare w’ibikoresho bigurishwa mu bucuruzi bunini ushobora kwiyongera ukava kuri 58% ukagera kuri 75%. Mu bikoresho bikoresha insinga, ibicuruzwa bikoresha ingufu nyinshi byo mu nganda gusa ni byo bizakomeza gukenerwa mu buryo buhoraho.

4. Gushimangira iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko mu bufatanye

Ubufatanye hagati y’abacuruzi ba bucuruzi n’abatanga ibicuruzwa buzava ku ibiciro bigamije kubahiriza amategeko mbere na mbere. Abacuruzi bakomeye b’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bo mu Burayi nka Obi na Bauhaus batangiye gusaba abatanga ibikoresho gutanga icyemezo cy’uko bujuje ibisabwa mu 2026, harimo raporo z’ibizamini byo gukoresha ingufu neza n’inyandiko z’ibaruramari ry’ibicuruzwa bikomoka ku ruganda rwa gatatu. Bamwe mu bacuruza ibikoresho byinshi ndetse banashyize ingingo z’amategeko mu masezerano y’igihe kirekire, zivuga ko abatanga ibicuruzwa bazishyura ikiguzi cyo gusubizwa ibicuruzwa mu gihe ibicuruzwa bitageze ku mahame ngenderwaho. Iyi sano ihuza abacuruzi n’abagurisha ibicuruzwa bito n’ibiciriritse bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bashoramari bato n’abaciriritse bohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, mu gihe ibigo bifite ubushobozi bwo kugera ku mategeko mbere yo kuyakurikiza bizahabwa amabwiriza menshi.

III. Igisubizo cy'Inzira Mbili: Igisubizo ku bacuruzi n'abacuruzi bagurisha ibintu byinshi

Bitewe n’ivugurura ry’amabwiriza ryazanywe n’amabwiriza mashya yo mu 2026, abashoramari bohereza ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu mahanga n’abacuruzi bo mu Burayi bakeneye gushyiraho uburyo buhuriweho bwo gusubiza ibibazo, bakava mu kubahiriza amategeko adafututse bakajya mu igenamigambi ry’ibanze.

1. Abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga: Bagomba guhatanira ubuyobozi bw'ibicuruzwa hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo kubahiriza amategeko

Ikoranabuhanga Mbere yo Gusesengura no Guteza Imbere Ikoranabuhanga: Shyira imbere ibikoresho byo gusuzuma no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ingenzi nka moteri zihoraho zihuza ingufu za magnet, imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi make, n’ibice bya pulasitiki bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Fatanya na za kaminuza cyangwa ibigo by’ubushakashatsi kugira ngo wongere imikorere myiza y’ingufu, urangize gusubiramo ibicuruzwa mbere y’amezi 6-8 kugira ngo wirinde ko amatariki yo gutumiza abura bitewe n’ibizamini n’ubukererwe bw’impamyabushobozi.
Kuvugurura Uruhererekane rw'Ibicuruzwa Bihumanya ikirere: Hitamo abatanga ibikoresho fatizo bafite ibyangombwa birengera ibidukikije, shyiraho uburyo bwo kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya VOC n'uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha imyanda ikomeye, kandi ugabanye ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu musaruro ku kigero kirenga 10%, bityo ugabanye ibisabwa ku bipimo bya karuboni kandi ugabanye ikiguzi cyo kubahiriza amategeko.
Guhindura Uburyo bwo Kuyubahiriza Ibyerekeye Iyubahirizwa ry’Iteka: Huza na database ya EU EPAC mbere y’igihe, shyiraho sisitemu yikora yo gushyira amakuru y’igerageza ry’ibicuruzwa, kandi ufatanye n’imiryango nka SGS na TÜV kugira ngo hashyirweho inzira yihuse kuva ku igeragezwa kugeza ku cyemezo kugeza ku gutangaza, bigabanye igihe cyo kubahiriza amategeko kuva ku mezi 3 kugeza ku minsi iri munsi ya 45. Itumanaho mbere yo gutumiza: Ha abacuruza mu bucuruzi raporo "Isesengura ry’Ibiciro byo kubahiriza Iyubahirizwa ry’Iteka + Kubara Inyungu zo Kubungabunga Ikoreshwa ry’Ingufu". Aya makuru agaragaza ko nubwo igiciro cyo kugura ibicuruzwa bikoresha amashanyarazi menshi gishobora kwiyongeraho 5%-8%, abakoresha bashobora kuzigama arenga 20% ku fagitire zabo z’amashanyarazi za buri mwaka, bigafasha abacuruza mu bucuruzi kwiyubakamo icyizere mu biciro.

2. Abacuruzi b'inyongera b'i Burayi: Kugabanya ibyago binyuze mu gucunga ububiko bw'ibintu no gucunga ibyiciro.

Gutegura gahunda yo kwishyura ibicuruzwa: Gutegura gahunda yo kwishyura ibicuruzwa bihari hakurikijwe ibipimo bishaje, hagamijwe kurangiza 70% by'ububiko mu mpera za 2025. Guteza imbere ubucuruzi kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byo kugurisha ibicuruzwa bitagurishwa, mu gihe 30% by'ububiko bw'ibicuruzwa bishya hakurikijwe ibipimo bishaje.

Gusuzuma no kugenzura abatanga serivisi: Gushyiraho "Sisitemu yo Gupima Ubushobozi bw'Abatanga Serivisi" kugira ngo hashyirwe ku rutonde abatanga serivisi hashingiwe ku bushobozi bwa tekiniki, iterambere ry'impamyabushobozi, n'igabanuka ry'ibiciro bya karuboni. Shyira imbere amasezerano y'igihe kirekire hamwe na 30% by'ibigo bya mbere bifite amanota kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kubura isoko. Kunoza imiterere y'ibyiciro: Kwibanda ku kongera kugura ibicuruzwa bitanga umusaruro mwinshi nko gukoresha imyitozo idakoresha insinga n'imashini zikoresha uburoso. Imashini yo gusya ingunis. Biteganijwe ko ibi bicuruzwa bizatanga ubwishingizi bwa 15%-20% mu mpera z'umwaka nyuma ya 2026. Kugabanya umubare w'abatumiza ibikoresho bifite insinga bidakora neza kandi bigashyirwa ku bicuruzwa by'umwuga.

IV. Icyerekezo cy'igihe kirekire: Gukoresha neza ingufu biba ingenzi mu bucuruzi bw'ibicuruzwa byinshi

Kuvugurura imikorere myiza y’ingufu mu 2026 si politiki yihariye, ahubwo ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’intego y’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi yo mu 2050 yo kutagira karuboni ikoreshwa mu kurwanya karuboni. igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi gikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bwinshi Ubucuruzi buzagaragaza ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi: Icya mbere, ibirango by'ingufu zizakoreshwa mu gufata ibyemezo byo gutumiza ibicuruzwa, aho igiciro cy'ibicuruzwa bigurishwa ku gipimo cya A+++ kizaba kirenga 20%. Icya kabiri, ibicuruzwa bihuza "ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukoresha neza n'ubwenge" bizarushaho gukundwa, aho ibicuruzwa bifite amabwiriza agenga umutwaro uhindagurika bingana na 60% by'ibicuruzwa bigurishwa ku rwego rwo hejuru. Icya gatatu, ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa ku buryo burambye buzaba ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bufatanye, aho amasosiyete ashobora gutanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko yubahiriza amategeko y'ubuzima bwe bwose ari yo ayobora inzira zisanzwe z'ubucuruzi.