He aha ngā taputapu e tika ana mō ngā kaimahi hiko? Waiho atu tēnei pukapuka tohutohu

I tēnei wā e nui ana te whakawhirinaki ki te hiko, ko ngā mahi katoa a ngā kaimahi hiko e pā ana ki te oranga o ia rā o ngā mano tini o ngā whare me ngā mahi noa a ngā umanga. Nō reira, he mea tino nui kia mārama ngā kaimahi hiko ki te whakahaere o ngā taputapu hiko.
He whānuitanga o ngā ngā taputapu hiko, he rerekē ngā whakamahinga me ngā whakaritenga whakahaere o ia taputapu. Mai i ngā tīwiri ngāwari, ngā pliers, ki ngā mita maha uaua, ngā oscilloscopes, me whakamahi ngā kaimahi hiko i ia taputapu kia mōhio ai ki tōna whakamahinga. Kei raro nei he whakataki taipitopito ki ngā momo taputapu e 5 e tika ana mō ngā tohunga hiko me ngā whakatūpato whakahaere.

hikohiko
E mōhiotia ana te hikohiko ko te pene whakamātautau, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te pene, e whakamahia ana hei kimi mēnā he taputapu whakarewa te waea, ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu hiko. E ai ki te āhua o te whakarōpūtanga, e rua ngā momo pene me te tīwiri o te pene ine. E ai ki te taumata inenga, e rua ngā momo hikohiko ngaohiko iti me te hikohiko ngaohiko teitei.
01 Te whakamahinga o te hikohiko ngaohiko iti
① Puritia te pene kia tika, ā, kia anga whakamua te matapihi iti o te ngongo neon ki a koe kia māmā ai te mātakitaki.
② Hei ārai i te pa o te pito o te pene ki te ringaringa, me hipoki te tokotoko whakarewa o te pene whakamātautau tīwiri ki te ringaringa ārai, ā, ko te taha mata maripi anake ka waiho mō ngā mahi whakamātautau.
③ Kāore e taea te whakamakuku i te taputapu whakamātautau, te wetewete i te mea e hiahiatia ana, te wiri nui rānei.
④ Me whakamātautau pinepine ki te tinana ora hei tirotiro mēnā kei te pai te āhua. Kāore e whakaaetia kia whakamahia ngā pene whakamātautau kāore e pono.
⑤ I te wā e tirotirohia ana, mēnā he kotahi te kanapa o te waea whakarewa i roto i te ngongo neon, he iahiko tika; mēnā e kanapa ana ngā mea e rua, he iahiko tauutuutu.

02 Te whakamahinga o te hikohiko ngaohiko teitei
Ina whakamahia, me rua ngā tāngata e whakahaere, ko tētahi e whakahaere, ā, ko tētahi e aroturukitia.
② Me whakamahi i te wā e paki ana, ina whakamahia ki waho.
③ Me mau ngā karapu whakamarumaru e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga e ngā kaimahi e tirotiro ana i te hiko, ā, me tika hoki te pupuri.
④ me whakamātau i te tinana ora i mua i te whakamahinga hei tirotiro mēnā kei te pai te āhua. Me whakamātau i te hikohiko ngaohiko teitei i ia ono marama hei whakarite i te haumaru.

Maripi a te kaihiko
Ko te maripi hiko he mea whakamahi hei tapahi i te waea, hei tapahi i te kokonga tēpu rakau, hei tapahi i ngā taputapu motuhake mō te urunga rakau, kotahi (noa), e rua ngā mahi, e toru ngā mahi maha. Ko te maripi hiko maha-mahi he mea hanga mai i te mata, te mata kani, te wiri, me ētahi atu. Ko te mata hei tapahi i te paparanga whakamarumaru o te waea, ko te mata kani hei tapahi i te pereti mokowā waea me te urunga porowhita rakau, ā, ko te wiri hei keri i te kōhao o te papa.
Ngā whakatūpato mō te whakamahinga
① Kāore he parenga whakamahana i te kakau o te maripi a te kaihikohiko, ā, kāore e taea te tapahi i ngā waea ora, i ngā taputapu rānei hei karo i te ru hiko.
② Me whakatuwhera te maripi a te kaihiko i mua i te whakamahinga tuatahi.
③ Kāore e whakaaetia kia whakamahia te maripi a te kaihiko hei whakakapi i te hama mō te patu.
④ Ko te pito o te maripi a te kaihiko te wāhanga nui o te mahi tapahi, kia kore ai e rakuraku, e pā rānei ki te wāhanga mārō, kia koi tonu te mata o te maripi, ā, kia whakakoia te maripi ki te kōhatu hinu.
⑤ I muri i te whakamahinga o te maripi a te kaihiko, me whakapiko tonu te tinana o te maripi ki roto i te kakau, ā, kaua e tukuna te maripi a te kaihiko kāore i whakapiko ki roto i te kakau.

Ngā pliers a te kaimahi hiko
Ko ngā kūmau e whakamahia whānuitia ana e ngā tohunga hiko ko: ngā kūmau tapahi waea, ngā kūmau ihu ngira, ngā kūmau whakarara, ngā kūmau tango waea, ngā kūmau kume, me ētahi atu.
01 Ngā tapahi waea
Kua hipokina te kakau o ngā taputapu tapahi waea hiko ki tētahi ringaringa ārai (pēhanga 500 V), ā, ko ōna whakatakotoranga e whakaatuhia ana e te maha o ngā mirimita o te roa katoa o ngā taputapu tapahi waea, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te 150,175,200mm. I mua i te whakamahinga, tirohia mēnā he pai te ārai o ngā taputapu tapahi waea, kia kore ai e pāngia e te ru hiko i te wā e mahi ora ana. I te wā e tapahi ana i ngā waea hiko, kaua te mata o te maripi e whakamahia hei tapahi i ngā waea e rua he rerekē te kaha i te wā kotahi, kia kore ai e pāngia e te ara iahiko poto.

02 Ngā pliers ihu ngira
He "koi" te pane o te pliers ihu ngira, he rite ki te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu tapahi waea, he mea e pai ana mō te whakamahi i roto i te wāhi mahi whaiti, ā, ka taea te pupuri i ngā tīwiri iti ake, ngā horoi, ngā waea me ngā wāhanga hiko. I te wā e tāuta ana i te raina whakahaere, ka taea e te pliers ihu ngira te piko i te aho waea kotahi ki roto i te pito, ā, ka taea hoki e te pliers ihu ngira me te mata maripi te tapahi i te waea me te whakamahi i te paparanga whakamarumaru.

03 Ngā pliers whakarara
He "papatahi whakarara" te pane whakarara, nō reira ka kiia hoki ko ngā tapahi waea, ko ngā plier ihu papatahi, ko ngā tapahi waea rānei, he mea whakamahi motuhake mō te tapahi i ngā waea whakarewa matotoru, ngā waea me ngā waea, ngā taura, me ētahi atu. Kua wehea tōna kakau ki te kakau rino, te kakau paipa me te kakau whakamahana, ā, ko te pēhanga o te kakau whakamahana he 1000V.

04 Kaiwhakaweto taura
He taputapu motuhake ngā mīhini tango waea hei tango i te paparanga whakamarumaru o ngā waea iti te whānui. He maha ngā taha tapahi o te wāhanga rawhi hei tango i te paparanga whakamarumaru waea o ngā diameter waea rerekē. He mea whakamarumaru te kakau, ā, he 500V te ngaohiko.

05 Ngā pliers kume
He taputapu noa ngā pliers kume mō te hono i ngā waea me ngā pito. He watea te hononga hiko me te kume mō te hanga, he iti te ātete ki te pa, he pakari, he pono hoki. Kōwhiria ngā rahi rerekē o ngā pliers kume kia rite ki te horahanga whakawhiti o te waea kume me te ringaringa kume.

mita maha
01 Mita matihiko
E toru ngā wāhanga o te mita maha mamati: te kaitahuri mahi, te pana whakawhiti me te mita ngaohiko mamati DC. Ko te mita ngaohiko mamati DC te wāhanga matua o te mita maha mamati, ka inehia ngā momo mana katoa, ngā tawhā rānei, mā te kaitahuri e rite ana, ka taea te huri i te mita ngaohiko mamati DC ki te ngaohiko DC e whakaaetia ana, kātahi ki te mita ngaohiko mamati DC, mā te kaitahuri anaro/matihiko ka hurihia hei rahinga mamati, kātahi mā te tatau kaute ka inehia, ka whakaaturia ngā mati ira.

Ngā whakatūpato mō te whakamahi i te mita maha mamati
I mua i te whakamahi i te mita maha, me:
① Whakauruhia te pene ki te hononga pene ina hiahiatia.
② Tahurihia te pana kōwhiringa ki te tūemi me te awhe e rite ana.
I muri i te whakamahinga o te mita maha, me:
① Unuhia te tohu.
② Tahurihia te pana kōwhiri ki te "OFF". Ki te kore he pana pēnei e wātea ana, tahurihia ki te awhe ngaohiko AC mōrahi.
③ Ki te kore e whakamahia mō te wā roa, me tango te pākahiko i te tēpu hei ārai i te turuturu o te electrolyte pākahiko me te waikura o te ara iahiko o roto.

02 Mita maha tohu
He momo taputapu ine maha-mahi me te maha-awhe te mita tohu. Ka taea e te mita whānui te ine i te iahiko DC, te ngaohiko DC, te iahiko AC, te ngaohiko AC, te ātete me te taurite hiko oro, ā, ka taea hoki e ētahi te ine i te iahiko AC, te kaha, te ine hiko me ētahi tawhā o ngā haurua-ira.
Ngā whakatūpato mō te whakamahi i te mita maha tohu I mua i te whakamahi i te mita maha, me whakarite kia:
① Whakatakotoria te mita maha ki te taha whakapae.
② Tirohia mēnā kei te kore te ringa o te mata i te pito maui o te mata. Mēnā he peka ke, whakamahia he tīwiri iti hei huri mārire i te porowhita whakarerekētanga kore ā-ringa i te pane o te mātaaratanga kia kore ai te maihao o te mātaaratanga.
③ Whakauruhia te pene ki te hononga pene ina hiahiatia.
④ Tahurihia te pana kōwhiringa ki te tūemi me te awhe e rite ana.
I muri i te whakamahinga o te mita maha, me:
① Unuhia te tohu.
② Tahurihia te pana kōwhiri ki te "OFF". Ki te kore he pana pēnei e wātea ana, tahurihia ki te awhe ngaohiko AC mōrahi.
③ Ki te kore e whakamahia mō te wā roa, me tango te pākahiko i te tēpu hei ārai i te turuturu o te electrolyte pākahiko me te waikura o te ara iahiko o roto.

tīwiri
He taputapu motuhake te tīwiri tīwiri mō te whakamau, te tango rānei i ngā tīwiri, he āhua pikopiko, he āhua ripeka rānei te nuinga o te wā.
Tikanga whakamahi
① He miro pai te miro o te tīwiri whānui, ka whakawirihia ki roto i te taha matau, ka whakawirihia ki waho i te taha maui.
② Me hipoki te tokotoko whakarewa o te tīwiri ki te ngongo ārai hei karo i ngā aituā ru hiko.
Me ōrite te matotoru o te pane o te tīwiri tīwiri ki te āhua o te mokowā o te hiku o te tīwiri, kia piri noa te matotoru o te pane ki roto i te mokowā o te nati, ki te kore ka ngāwari te pakaru o te mokowā tīwiri.