Ni ibihe bikoresho bikenewe ku bakozi b'amashanyarazi? Shyira aka gatabo k'amabwiriza

Muri iki gihe cyo kwishingikiriza cyane ku mashanyarazi, buri gikorwa cy’abakozi b’amashanyarazi gifitanye isano n’ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw’ingo ibihumbi n’imikorere isanzwe y’ibigo. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane ko abakozi b’amashanyarazi basobanukirwa imikorere y’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, buri kimwe gifite imikoreshereze yacyo yihariye n'ibisabwa mu mikorere. Kuva kuri screwdriver zoroshye, pliers, kugeza kuri multimeters zigoye, oscilloscopes, buri gikoresho gisaba abakozi b'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bamenye gukoresha neza. Ibi bikurikira ni intangiriro irambuye ku bwoko 5 bw'ibikoresho bikenewe ku bahanga mu by'amashanyarazi n'uburyo bwo kwirinda imikorere.

electroscope
Electroscope izwi kandi nka ikaramu yo gupima, izwi cyane nka ikaramu, ikoreshwa mu kumenya niba insinga, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi ari igikoresho. Dukurikije imiterere y'itsinda, ikaramu yo gupimisha ifite ubwoko bubiri bw'ikaramu na tournevis. Dukurikije urwego rw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi rwashyizwe mu byiciro, hariho ubwoko bubiri bw'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi muke n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi muke.
01 Gukoresha electroscope y'amashanyarazi make
① Fata ikaramu neza, hanyuma ushyire idirishya rito ry'umuyoboro wa neon inyuma yawe kugira ngo byoroshye kuyibona.
② Kugira ngo icyuma cy'umutwe w'ikaramu kidakora ku kuboko, inkoni y'icyuma y'ikaramu yo gupima ifite screw drive igomba gupfukwa n'agakoresho gakingira ubushyuhe, kandi igice cy'icyuma gisigaye gusa kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu igeragezwa.
③ Igipimo ntigishobora kuba gitose, ntigishobora gusenywa uko gishakiye cyangwa ngo gihubanganywe cyane.
④ ikwiye gupimwa ku mubiri muzima kugira ngo harebwe niba umeze neza. Ntibyemewe gukoresha amakaramu yo gupima adafite ishingiro.
⑤ Mu gihe cyo kugenzura, niba insinga y'icyuma iri mu muyoboro wa neon ifite urumuri rumwe, ni umuriro utaziguye; niba byombi birabagirana, ni umuriro usimburana.

02 Gukoresha electroscope ifite ingufu nyinshi
Iyo ikoreshejwe, abantu babiri bagomba kubaga, umwe muri bo akaba ari we ukora, undi akaba ari we ukurikiranwa.
② Iyo uri hanze, ugomba gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'izuba.
③ Abakozi bakora igenzura ry'amashanyarazi bagomba kwambara uturindantoki twujuje ibisabwa, kandi uburyo bwo gufata bugomba kuba bwiza.
④ igomba gupimwa ku mubiri muzima mbere yo kuyikoresha kugira ngo harebwe niba imeze neza. Electroscope ifite amashanyarazi menshi igomba gupimwa buri mezi atandatu kugira ngo hamenyekane umutekano.

Umuhoro w'umukozi w'amashanyarazi
Imbugita y'amashanyarazi ikoreshwa mu gukata insinga z'insinga, gukata insinga z'ibiti, gukata umusego w'ibiti, hari ibikoresho byihariye by'umusego w'ibiti, hari kimwe (gisanzwe), gifite imirimo ibiri n'ibindi bikorwa byinshi. Imbugita y'amashanyarazi ifite imirimo myinshi igizwe n'icyuma, icyuma cy'umukero, imashini yo gucukura, nibindi. Imbugita ikoreshwa mu gukata urwego rw'ubushyuhe bw'insinga, icyuma cy'umukero gikoreshwa mu gukata isahani y'insinga n'igiti cy'umukero kizengurutse, naho imashini yo gucukura ikoreshwa mu gucukura umwobo w'ikibaho.
Amabwiriza yo kwirinda gukoresha
① Umukono w'icyuma cy'umufundi w'amashanyarazi nta burinzi bukingira amashanyarazi, kandi ntushobora gucibwa ku nsinga zikora cyangwa ibikoresho kugira ngo wirinde guhungabana kw'amashanyarazi.
② Imbunda y'umukozi w'amashanyarazi igomba gufungurwa mbere yo kuyikoresha bwa mbere.
③ Imbunda y'umukozi w'amashanyarazi ntiyemerewe gusimbuza inyundo yo gukubita.
④ Isonga ry'icyuma cy'umutetsi w'amashanyarazi ni igice cy'ingenzi mu gikorwa cyo gukata, kigomba kwirinda gushwanyaguza cyangwa gukora ku gice gikomeye, inkombe y'icyuma igomba kuguma ityaye, kandi icyuma kigomba gutyazwa n'amabuye y'amavuta.
⑤ Nyuma yo gukoresha icyuma cy'umutetsi w'amashanyarazi, umubiri w'icyuma ugomba guhita upfunyikwa mu mugozi, kandi icyuma cy'umutetsi w'amashanyarazi kitapfunyitse mu mugozi ntikigomba gutangwa.

Imashini z'amashanyarazi
Imashini zikoreshwa cyane n'abakora amashanyarazi muri rusange zirimo: imashini zikata insinga, imashini zikoresha urushinge rw'izuru, imashini zikoresha ibyuma bifunga insinga, imashini zikoresha ibyuma bifunga insinga, imashini zikoresha ibyuma bifunga insinga, imashini zikoresha ibyuma bifunga insinga, n'ibindi.
01 Ibikoresho byo gukata insinga
Umushumi w'insinga z'amashanyarazi utwikiriwe n'agakoresho gakingira ubushyuhe (umuvuduko wa 500 V), kandi ibisobanuro byazo bigaragazwa n'umubare wa milimetero z'uburebure bwose bw'insinga, zikunze gukoreshwa muri mm 150,175,200. Mbere yo kuzikoresha, reba niba ubushyuhe bw'insinga ari bwiza, kugira ngo wirinde impanuka z'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo kuzikoresha. Mu gihe ukata insinga n'amashanyarazi, insinga z'icyuma ntizigomba gukoreshwa mu gukata insinga ebyiri zifite ubushobozi butandukanye icyarimwe, kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka z'amashanyarazi magufi.

02 Udupira two gupfuka izuru ry'urushinge
Umutwe w'insinga zo mu mazuru ufite "icyerekezo", kimwe no gukoresha utumashini dukata insinga, turangwa no kuba dukwiriye gukoreshwa ahantu hato ho gukorera kandi dushobora gufata vis nto, imesa, insinga n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Mu gushyiraho umurongo ugenzura, insinga zo mu mazuru zishobora gupfunyika umugozi umwe w'insinga mu gice cyo hejuru, naho insinga zo mu mazuru zifite icyuma zishobora no gukata insinga no gukoresha urwego rwo gukingira.

03 Imashini zifatana
Umutwe ugororotse ni "flat oblique", bityo witwa kandi insinga zica udupira, insinga zica udupira cyangwa insinga, zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukata insinga nini z'icyuma, insinga n'insinga, insinga, nibindi. Umukingo wawo ugabanyijemo umukingo w'icyuma, umukingo w'imiyoboro n'umukingo ufunga, kandi umuvuduko w'umukingo ufunga ni 1000V.

04 Igikoresho cyo gukuraho insinga
Ibikoresho byo gukuraho insinga ni ibikoresho byihariye bikoreshwa mu gukuraho insinga ntoya zifite uburebure bw'umurambararo. Igice cyo gufunga gifite impande nyinshi zo gukata kugira ngo gikureho insinga zifite uburebure butandukanye bw'insinga. Umugozi urimo ubushyuhe kandi ufite voltage ya 500V.

05 Imashini zo gupfuka
Imashini zo gufunga ni ibikoresho bisanzwe byo guhuza insinga n'impera. Guhuza amashanyarazi n'imashini zo gufunga biroroshye mu bwubatsi, bigabanya imbaraga, bihamye kandi byizewe. Hitamo ingano zitandukanye z'imashini zo gufunga hakurikijwe agace k'insinga zo gufunga n'agasanduku k'imashini zo gufunga.

metero nyinshi
01 Multimeter y'ikoranabuhanga
Multimeter y'ikoranabuhanga igizwe n'ibice bitatu: converter ikora, switch yo kohereza na voltmeter y'ikoranabuhanga ya DC. Voltmeter y'ikoranabuhanga ya Dc ni igice cy'ingenzi cya multimeter y'ikoranabuhanga, ubwoko bwose bw'imbaraga cyangwa ibipimo, bibanza binyuze muri converter ijyanye nayo, voltmeter y'ikoranabuhanga ya DC ishobora guhindurwamo voltage ya DC yemewe, hanyuma ikajya muri voltmeter y'ikoranabuhanga ya DC, hakoreshejwe converter ya analog/digital igahindurwamo ingano ya digitale, hanyuma hagapimwa umubare w'ibiciro n'imibare ya decimal ikagaragazwa.

Amabwiriza yo kwirinda gukoresha multimeter ya digitale
Mbere yo gukoresha multimeter, ugomba:
① Shyira ikaramu mu gasanduku k'ikaramu uko bikenewe.
② Hindura switch yo guhitamo ku kintu gihuye n'aho giherereye n'aho giherereye.
Nyuma yo gukoresha multimeter, ugomba:
① Kuraho ikimenyetso.
② Hindura switch ya selector kuri "ZIMYE". Niba nta switch nk'iyo ihari, yihindure ku rugero ntarengwa rwa AC voltage.
③ Iyo idakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, bateri igomba gukurwa ku meza kugira ngo hirindwe ko electrolyte ya bateri yavamo ndetse no kwangirika kw'uruziga rw'imbere rw'amashanyarazi.

02 Igipimo cy'amanota
Multimeter y'icyitegererezo ni ubwoko bw'igikoresho gipima gifite imikorere myinshi n'uburyo bwinshi bwo gupima. Multimeter rusange ishobora gupima umuyoboro wa DC, voltage ya DC, AC, voltage ya AC, resistance n'amashanyarazi angana, ndetse zimwe zishobora no gupima umuyoboro wa AC, capacitance, inductance na parametre zimwe na zimwe za semiconductors.
Amabwiriza yo kwirinda gukoresha pointer multimeter Mbere yo gukoresha multimeter, menya neza ko:
① Shyira multimeter mu buryo butambitse.
② Reba niba ikiganza cy'isaha gihagaze kuri zeru ibumoso bw'isaha. Niba hari aho itandukaniye, koresha screwdriver nto kugira ngo uzunguruke witonze agapfundo ko guhindura zeru ka mechanical ku mutwe w'isaha kugira ngo urutoki rw'isaha rube zeru.
③ Shyira ikaramu mu gasanduku k'ikaramu uko bikenewe.
④ Hindura switch yo guhitamo ku kintu gihuye n'aho giherereye n'aho giherereye.
Nyuma yo gukoresha multimeter, ugomba:
① Kuraho ikimenyetso.
② Hindura switch ya selector kuri "ZIMYE". Niba nta switch nk'iyo ihari, yihindure ku rugero ntarengwa rwa AC voltage.
③ Iyo idakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, bateri igomba gukurwa ku meza kugira ngo hirindwe ko electrolyte ya bateri yavamo ndetse no kwangirika kw'uruziga rw'imbere rw'amashanyarazi.

Umushoferi wa vis
Screwdriver ni igikoresho cyihariye cyo gufatanya cyangwa gukuraho screw, akenshi ziba zimeze nk'izingira kandi zifatanye.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha
① Umugozi w'urushundura rusange ni umugozi mwiza, ugana ku cyerekezo cy'isaha urimo uruziga, ugana ku cyerekezo kinyuranyije n'isaha urimo uruziga.
② Inkoni y'icyuma ya screwdriver igomba gupfukwa n'umuyoboro urinda ubushyuhe kugira ngo hirindwe impanuka z'amashanyarazi.
Ubunini bw'umutwe wa screwdriver bugomba guhuzwa n'imiterere y'umwanya w'umurizo w'iskrimu, ku buryo ubunini bw'umutwe bushyirwa mu mwanya uri ku giti, bitabaye ibyo byoroshye kwangiza umwanya wa screw.