Isesengura ry'ibyiza by'ingenzi by'imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi ya lithium idafite umugozi ikora ibintu bibiri

Mu gikorwa cyo kwita ku buso bw'irangi ry'imodoka, ivuka ry'imashini zitunganya amashanyarazi zikoresha litiyumu zidafite insinga zangiza burundu ikibazo cy'inganda "ingaruka z'umwuga n'imikorere yoroshye bidashobora kugerwaho icyarimwe". Ihuza neza ubushobozi bwo gusya bw'ikoranabuhanga ritunganya amashanyarazi zikoresha insinga n'imiterere yoroshye ya bateri za litiyumu zidafite insinga. Ntabwo ikemura gusa ikibazo cyo kwangiza ubuso bw'irangi bw'imashini zitunganya amashanyarazi zikoresha insinga gusa, ahubwo inakuraho imbogamizi z'ibikoresho by'insinga biri aho bakorera. Ku bacuruzi b'abahanga mu by'ubwiza bw'imodoka, ni igikoresho gikomeye cyo kongera imikorere. Ku batunze imodoka basanzwe, ihindura "gutunganya neza" kuva mu nzozi ikabigira impamo. Iyi nkuru isesengura byimbitse ibyiza by'ingenzi by'imashini itunganya amashanyarazi zikoresha litiyumu zidafite insinga mu buryo butatu: ihame rya tekiniki, guhuza ahantu habereye, n'imikorere.

Ikoranabuhanga ryo gusya ibintu mu buryo bubiri: Impinduramatwara yo gusya ihuza imikorere n'umutekano
Ishingiro rya Dual Action polishing (mu magambo ahinnye nka DA) riri mu buryo bw'imikorere ivanze bwa "eccentric rotation + track movement". Iyi miterere itandukanye cyane n'ihame rya "single rotation" ry'imashini zisanzwe zitunganya rimwe kandi ziba ingenzi mu kurinda ubuso bw'irangi. Disiki yo gushushanya y'imashini itunganya rimwe izenguruka gusa mu cyerekezo cy'icyitegererezo, kandi imbaraga zo gukata ziba nyinshi mu gace k'aho. Iyo igikorwa kidakwiye (nk'igihe kirekire cyane cyangwa igitutu kitangana), biroroshye cyane gutera imirongo y'urumuri, gutwika cyangwa ndetse no kugaragara ku buso bw'irangi, cyane cyane ko kwangirika kw'irangi ry'uruganda rw'umwimerere bidasubirwaho.

Imashini itunganya ikoresheje uburyo bubiri igera ku "mutekano no gukora neza" binyuze mu guhuza ingendo ebyiri zigenga: mu gihe disiki itunganya izenguruka ku murongo wayo (ku muvuduko wa 600-3000 ku munota), inagenda mu nzira ikikije umugozi udasanzwe (ufite ubushobozi bwa 3-15mm). Iyi ngendo ivanze ikwirakwiza imbaraga zo gusya ahantu hanini (iyongeraho ibirenze 40% ugereranije n'uburyo bukoresha uburyo bumwe), ikagabanya igihe cyo gusya cya buri gice. Ibi ntibituma gusa bikora neza ahubwo binarinda ubushyuhe bwinshi. Amakuru agereranywa yavuye muri laboratwari imwe y'ibara ry'imodoka agaragaza ko mu bihe bimwe, igipimo cy'ibyangiritse by'ubuso bw'irangi giterwa n'imashini itunganya ikoresheje uburyo bubiri ari 1/8 cy'imashini itunganya ikoresheje uburyo bumwe, mu gihe ubushobozi bwo gukuraho iminkanyari bwiyongereyeho 30%.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubudahangarwa gishobora kwagura uburyo bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rikora inshuro ebyiri. Ubudahangarwa buto (3-6mm) bukwiriye gusya neza (nk'indorerwamo), bufite ubushobozi buke bwo kugenda mu nzira, bigatuma habaho ibimenyetso byo gusya neza. Ubudahangarwa bunini (9-15mm) bukwiriye gusya neza (nk'ugukuraho ibice bya okiside), kandi agace kanini gafite inzira gashobora guhangana n'ibibazo by'agace kanini byihuse. Ubu buryo "bufite imikorere myinshi mu mashini imwe" butuma imashini itunganya ikoresheje uburyo bubiri kurangiza igikorwa cyose kuva ku gusana kugeza ku gushya nta gusimbuza ibikoresho kenshi, bikongera cyane imikorere myiza y'akazi.

Igishushanyo cya bateri ya lithium idafite umugozi: Ubunararibonye bw'ubuntu buca imipaka y'ahantu
Uburebure bw'umugozi w'amashanyarazi (ubusanzwe metero 5 kugeza kuri 8) n'aho imashini zikoresha insinga zikoresha amashanyarazi ziherereye byagiye biba imbogamizi ku buryo bworoshye bwo gukora. Mu gihe utunganya ahantu hanini nko ku gisenge no ku gisenge, gukurura umugozi w'amashanyarazi ntibyongera gusa imbaraga zo gukora ahubwo bishobora no gushwanyaguza irangi. Mu bihe byo hanze (nk'aho imodoka zihagarara n'aho imodoka ziyerekanira), niba nta buryo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi buhari, ibikoresho ntibizakoreshwa na gato. Kugaragara kw'igishushanyo mbonera cy'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi cya lithium byakemuye burundu iki kibazo.

Kunoza ubucucike bw'ingufu za bateri za lithium bitanga garanti y'ibanze yo gukoresha imashini idakoresha insinga. Imashini zisanzwe zifite bateri za lithium za 18V cyangwa 20V. Iyo zihujwe na bateri ifite ubushobozi bwa 5.0Ah, igihe cya bateri gishobora kugera ku minota 40 kugeza kuri 60 - bihagije kugira ngo urangize igikorwa cyose cyo gusiga irangi (kuva ku gusya kugeza ku gusya neza) rya sedan yo hagati (hafi metero kare 5 z'irangi). Ndetse no ku modoka nini nka SUV, gukora neza bishobora kugerwaho binyuze mu gusimbuza bateri zisigaye vuba (birangizwa mu masegonda 30), kandi imikorere ingana n'iy'imodoka zikoresha insinga. Amakuru y'ingirakamaro ya salon imwe y'umwuga yerekana ko nyuma yo gukoresha imashini ikoresha insinga ebyiri, igihe cyose cyo gusiga irangi imodoka yose cyagabanijwe kuva ku minota 90 hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoresha insinga kikagera ku minota 75, muri yo igihe cyagabanutse kubera kugabanuka kw'insinga zo gukurura gifata 15%.

Kugenzura ibiro ni ikindi cyiza gikomeye cyo gushushanya idafite insinga. Bitewe n'ingano ya moteri n'uburemere bw'insinga, uburemere bw'imashini isanzwe itunganya insinga akenshi burenga ibiro 3. Kuyifata n'ukuboko kumwe igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma amaboko ananirwa (bizwi mu nganda nka "polishing hand syndrome"). Imashini itunganya insinga idafite insinga, binyuze mu kunoza imiterere ya moteri (ikoresha moteri za magnet zihoraho za rare earth) n'ibikoresho byoroheje (umubiri ukozwe mu bikoresho bikomeye bya nylon + fiber y'ibirahure), ituma uburemere buguma hagati ya 1.5-2kg. Hamwe n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'umukono, ndetse na nyuma y'amasaha 2 ahoraho, umunaniro w'imitsi y'uyikoresha ushobora kugabanukaho 60%.

Ingano iri hagati y'ingufu n'urwego: Kugenzura neza ikoranabuhanga rya bateri ya lithium
Ikibazo nyamukuru cy’ibikoresho bitagira insinga ni "uguhagarara k’ingufu zisohoka", kandi imashini nziza cyane ikora isuku idafite insinga ifite ibikorwa bibiri yageze ku iterambere binyuze mu dushya dutatu tw’ikoranabuhanga. Ubwa mbere, hari sisitemu y’ubwenge yo kugenzura umuvuduko. Imashini y’amashanyarazi yubatswemo ishobora gukurikirana impinduka z’umutwaro mu gihe nyacyo: iyo disiki ikora isuku ihuye n’ikibazo gikomeye cyo gusiga irangi (nk’imivurungano miremire), yongera imbaraga za moteri (hamwe no kwiyongera kwa 20%) ako kanya kugira ngo ikomeze umuvuduko uhoraho wo kuzenguruka. Iyo ikoze ku bice byoroshye bya varnish, ingufu zizagabanuka mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo hirindwe gusya cyane. Uku "guhindura uburyo bwo gusya" kwemeza ko gusya bigenda neza mu bihe bitandukanye by’ubuso bw’irangi kandi bigakemura ikibazo cy’ "igabanuka ritunguranye ry’umuvuduko iyo umutwaro wiyongera" mu bikoresho bisanzwe bitagira insinga.

Icya kabiri ni ikoranabuhanga ryo gucunga imirasire ya bateri za lithium. Bateri zifite imiterere myinshi kandi ijyanye (ubusanzwe igizwe n'uturemangingo 10 kugeza kuri 12 18650), hamwe na BMS y'ubwenge (Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri), zishobora kugenzura neza uburebure bw'imirasire ya buri turemangingo, zikirinda ko ubushobozi bwazo bugabanuka bitewe n'ubusumbane bw'uturemangingo. Sisitemu ya BMS ifite kandi uburinzi bwo gushyushya cyane (ihita ihinduka ikajya mu nzira y'amazi iyo irimo gushyushya kugeza kuri 95%), uburinzi bwo gusohora cyane (ihita ihagarika amashanyarazi iyo urugero rwa bateri rugabanutse munsi ya 10%), n'uburinzi bwo gushyushya cyane (ihita izima iyo ubushyuhe burenze 60℃), bigatuma bateri ikora neza mu gihe cyo gushyushya kenshi no gusohora. Igihe cy'imirasire gishobora kugera ku nshuro zirenga 500 (zibarwa hashingiwe ku ikoreshwa kabiri mu cyumweru) Ishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe mu gihe cy'imyaka 5.

Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusharija vuba byakuyeho "ikibazo cyo kudakora neza". Uburyo bufasha "gusharija 80% mu minota 30" bushobora kurangiza gusharija bateri mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko cya saa sita, bugahuza neza n'ibisabwa cyane n'ama salon y'ubwiza y'umwuga umunsi wose. Amwe mu ma model meza cyane afite ecran zigaragaza ingufu za bateri (zifite ukuri ku munota), bigatuma abakoresha bateganya neza inzira yo gukora bakurikije igihe bateri isigaye ikoresha kugira ngo hirindwe ko umuriro ubura hagati uzagira ingaruka ku isuku - ubwo bwoko bwa "kugenzura" ni uburambe ibikoresho bisanzwe bidashobora gutanga.

Udushya mu buryo bw'imikorere: Gutuma ibikorwa by'umwuga bigerwaho
Ibyiza by'imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi ya lithium idafite umugozi ntabwo bigaragarira gusa mu bipimo bya tekiniki, ahubwo binagaragara mu miterere yose ijyanye n'imikorere y'abantu. Ku bakoresha bashya, "ingorane zo gutangira" akenshi ni yo mbogamizi ikomeye. Ariko, igipimo cyo kwihanganira amakosa cy'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imikorere ibiri cyagabanyije cyane urugero rw'imikorere. Hamwe n'imiterere y'imiterere ya muntu, byagabanyije intera iri hagati y'abakoresha basanzwe n'ingaruka z'umwuga.

Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imifata ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kiranga imikorere y'imashini. Iyi moderi nziza cyane ikoresha uburyo bwo gufata "bumeze nk'imbunda", aho Inguni yo gufata ihuye n'Inguni iyo ukuboko kumanitse mu buryo busanzwe (hafi 15°), bigabanya umunaniro uterwa no kunama kw'ukuboko. Ubuso butwikiriwe n'ibikoresho bya rubber bidacika, bifite imiterere ya mm 0.5. Ibi ntibituma gusa imifata iguma neza (nubwo ikiganza cyabira ibyuya, ntabwo byoroshye kunyerera), ahubwo bishobora no kwakira imitingito imwe na imwe (bigabanya imitingito yo gukwirakwira ho 30% ugereranije n'imifata yoroshye). Hari moderi zifite imifatato yo ku ruhande ishobora guhinduka. Abakoresha bashobora guhitamo aho bashyira bitewe n'uburyo bwabo bwo gushyiramo ibumoso cyangwa iburyo. Mu bihe bisaba guterura hejuru, nko gusukura igisenge, imifatato yo ku ruhande ishobora gutanga inkunga yiyongereye no kugabanya umutwaro ku maboko.

Koroshya uburyo bwo gukora nabyo ni ingenzi. Guhindura umuvuduko w'imashini zisanzwe zitunganya polishing ahanini ni utubuto twinshi. Mu gihe cyo guhinduranya, umuntu agomba kumanura umutwe we kugira ngo arebe uko polishing ihagaze. Imashini itunganya polishing idafite umugozi ikoresha switch ihindura umuvuduko idatera intambwe. Umuvuduko ushobora kugenzurwa neza n'igitutu cy'igikumwe (igitutu cyoroheje gituma umuvuduko muto, igitutu kinini kigatuma umuvuduko mwinshi), kandi guhinduranya bishobora kurangizwa hatabayeho kuva ku buso bw'irangi. Aho switch iherereye hagenewe "agace k'ikoraho karemano" hejuru y'umukono, bigatuma habaho gukora neza ndetse no mugihe wambaye uturindantoki. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura "icyo ubona ni cyo ubona" ​​butuma abatangira kubona vuba umuvuduko ukwiye wo kuzenguruka no kwirinda kwangirika kw'ubuso bw'irangi guterwa n'igenamiterere ritari ryo.

Gukoresha neza imbaraga z'uburemere bw'ikibuga cy'indege akenshi ntibyitabwaho ariko ni ingenzi cyane. imashini itunganya ibintu bibiri ishyiramo bateri ya lithium munsi y'umukono, bigatuma hagati y'uburemere bw'imashini yose ihura n'umurongo wo hagati w'umukono. Iyo ifashwe n'ukuboko kumwe, kumva ko "ifite uburemere buhanitse" bigabanuka cyane. Amakuru y'ibizamini agaragaza ko ku bantu bafite hagati y'uburemere buringaniye, iyo umukoresha asukuye ubuso butambitse nk'agapfunyika ka moteri, umuvuduko w'imitsi y'amaboko ugabanukaho 50%. Iyo usukuye ubuso buhagaze nk'inzugi z'imodoka, ibyago byo kunyerera kw'ibikoresho bigabanukaho 70%. Iyi "miterere igabanya akazi" ituma amasaha menshi y'akazi ashoboka kandi ikanatuma abagore benshi bayikoresha bashobora kuyikoresha byoroshye.

Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imimerere: Gutanga serivisi zuzuye kuva mu mahugurwa y'umwuga kugeza kuri gareji zo mu rugo
Akamaro k'ingenzi k'imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi ya lithium idafite umugozi igaragazwa n'uburyo ikoresha imbaraga nyinshi mu guhangana n'ibintu bitandukanye. Ntabwo igarukira gusa ku bigo bihoraho mu ma salon y'ubwiza y'umwuga cyangwa ngo itinye imiterere y'ahantu ho hanze. Ishobora guhaza neza ibyo abakoresha bo mu rugo bakeneye. Iyi "miterere y'ubushobozi bwose" ntagereranywa n'ibikoresho gakondo.

Mu ikoreshwa ry’amaduka y’ubwiza bw’imodoka y’abahanga, inyungu y’imashini isukura idafite insinga ikoresha imbaraga ebyiri iri mu "gutunganya imikorere". Iyo ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mu gutwara imodoka, ni ngombwa gufunga no gukuramo amashanyarazi kenshi cyangwa gukurura insinga mu myanya itandukanye y’akazi (aho koza imodoka → aho gusukura → aho gusiga irangi), bifata igihe kinini kandi bigateza ibibazo by’umutekano. Uburyo budafite insinga bushobora kugenda neza hagati y’aho bakorera imirimo itandukanye, hamwe na bateri y’inyongera, bigatuma habaho "guhuza neza", bigabanya igihe cyo kwita ku modoka imwe ho 20%. Ku ma salon y’ubwiza y’uruhererekane, ibikoresho byoroheje (1.8kg) bigabanya kandi imbaraga z’abakozi kandi bigabanya imvune n’indwara zikomoka ku kazi (nk’indwara za carpal tunnel syndrome).

Ahantu ho hanze ni "ahantu nyaburanga" ho gushushanya nta nsinga. Ahantu ho kwerekana imodoka hakenewe amatara y'inyongera no gusiga irangi ryihuse ry'imodoka z'imurikagurisha. Imashini isukura itagira insinga ishobora gukoreshwa neza iruhande rw'aho imodoka zihagarara nta mpamvu yo gushaka amashanyarazi. Mu gace gakorerwamo igenzura ry'imodoka ku isoko ry'ubucuruzi bw'imodoka zakoreshejwe, gusana by'agateganyo ibyangiritse ku buso bw'irangi bishobora gukorwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kugira ngo hongerwe igipimo cy'ibiciro. Ndetse no mu gihe cy'akaruhuko k'agateganyo nyuma yo kugenda mu muhanda mu gasozi, uduce duto dushobora gukosorwa n'ibikoresho bikoresha insinga. Ikizamini cyakozwe n'ikigo runaka cy'imodoka zisukura irangi ryerekana ko ahantu ho gukambika hatari amashanyarazi yo hanze, imashini isukura ikora inshuro ebyiri ifite bateri ya 20V/5Ah ishobora kurangiza gusana imodoka enye zisukura irangi mu gace.

Ibisabwa n'abakoresha bo mu rugo bibanda cyane ku "korohera gukoreshwa" no "umutekano". Imiterere y'imashini itunganya ikoresheje insinga idafite insinga (urusaku rwo gukora rwa ≤85 decibels) ntabwo izabangamira abaturanyi, kandi imiterere yayo yoroheje ituma abayikoresha b'abagore bayikoresha byoroshye. Ingaruka nke z'impanuka z'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha insinga zigabanya igitutu cyo mu mutwe ku bakoresha imodoka bashya. Ibitekerezo by'umuntu ukoresha imodoka yawe bwite birasobanutse neza: "Mu bihe byashize, iyo nakoreshaga imashini itunganya ikoresheje insinga imwe, nahoraga mpangayikishijwe no kwangiza ubuso bw'irangi. Igihe cyose nabaga nitonze cyane, ariko umusaruro ntiwari mwiza." Nyuma yo guhindura imashini ikoresha insinga zidafite insinga, nubwo nayikoresha nabi rimwe na rimwe, nta kibazo kiri ku buso bw'irangi. Ubu nshobora kwita ku modoka yanjye ubwanjye rimwe mu kwezi, kandi amafaranga yo kwisiga arahagije kugira ngo ngura disiki nyinshi nziza zo gushushanya."

Ishingiro ry'inyungu z'ingenzi: Agaciro gashya karemwe n'ubufatanye mu ikoranabuhanga
Akamaro k'ingenzi k'imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi ya lithium idafite umugozi ntabwo kari mu iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rimwe, ahubwo kari mu mikorere y'ubufatanye bw'uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi bwa tekiniki: ikoreshwa ry'ubuhanga bubiri, bateri ya lithium idafite umugozi, na ergonomics. Ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imikorere ibiri rikemura ikibazo kiri hagati y' "uburinzi bwiza bwo gusya no gusiga irangi", igishushanyo kidakoresha ibyuma kigabanya itandukaniro riri hagati y' "imikorere y'umwuga n'imbogamizi z'ahantu haberaga ibikorwa", kandi ergonomics ikuraho inzitizi iri hagati y' "ingaruka z'umwuga n'umupaka w'imikorere".

Agaciro gashya k'ubu bufatanye kagaragarira mu bintu bitatu: Ku buso bw'irangi, rigera ku "bwitabire butekanye kandi bunoze", rigatuma irangi ry'umwimerere rigumana ubuziranenge; Ku bakoresha, ritanga "uburambe bw'umwuga butuje", rigabanya imyitozo ngororamubiri n'imbogamizi za tekiniki. Ku nganda, ryavuguruye "imiterere y'ibiciro byo kwita ku irangi ry'imodoka", bituma ingaruka ku rwego rw'umwuga zitagishingiye kuri serivisi zihenze, kandi abakoresha basanzwe bashobora no kubigeraho binyuze mu gukora DIY.

Bitewe no kunoza imbaraga nyinshi za bateri za lithium no gukomeza kunoza ikoranabuhanga rikoresha uburyo bubiri, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zikoresha uburyo bubiri zikoresha uburyo bubiri zirimo kuba amahitamo akomeye mu kwita ku buso bw'irangi ry'imodoka. Kuvuka kwaryo si ugusubiramo ibikoresho gusa, ahubwo ni n'udushya mu "gitekerezo cyo kwita ku buso bw'irangi" - mu gihe rikurikirana ubuso butunganye bw'irangi, ryibanda cyane ku mutekano, koroshya no kugenzura ibikorwa. Kuri buri muntu uha agaciro irangi ry'imodoka ye, iri gereranya rishobora kuba inyungu y'ingenzi cyane.