Ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo eziyinhloko zomshini wokupholisha izimoto kagesi we-lithium ongasebenzi ngentambo

Enqubweni ephindaphindayo yamathuluzi okunakekela ubuso bopende wezimoto, ukuvela kwemishini yokupholisha kagesi ye-lithium engenantambo kuye kwaphula ngokuphelele isimo semboni sokuthi "imiphumela yobungcweti kanye nokusebenza okulula akunakufinyelelwa ngasikhathi sinye". Ihlanganisa kahle ikhono lokugaya elinembile lobuchwepheshe bopholisha be-dual-action kanye nezici eziguquguqukayo zamabhethri e-lithium angenantambo. Ayixazululi nje kuphela inkinga yokulimaza kalula ubuso bopende bemishini yokupholisha yendabuko yesenzo esisodwa, kodwa futhi ikhululeka emikhawulweni yemishini enezintambo endaweni yokusebenza. Ezitolo zobuhle bezimoto zobungcweti, iyithuluzi elinamandla lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Kubanikazi bezimoto abavamile, iguqula "ukupholisha okuhle kwe-DIY" kusuka ephusheni ibe ngokoqobo. Lesi sihloko sihlaziya ngokuphelele izinzuzo eziyinhloko zomshini wokupholisha imoto kagesi we-lithium ongenantambo kusukela ezicini ezintathu: isimiso sobuchwepheshe, ukuzivumelanisa nesimo, kanye nokusebenza.

Ubuchwepheshe bokupholisha okunyakaza okubili: Inguquko yokugaya elinganisela ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha
Ingqikithi ye-Dual Action polishing (efushaniswe ngokuthi i-DA) ikwimodi yesenzo esihlanganisiwe "yokujikeleza okuqondile + ukunyakaza kwethrekhi". Lo mklamo uhluke kakhulu kumgomo "wokujikeleza okukodwa" wemishini yendabuko yokupholisha yesenzo esisodwa futhi uba yisihluthulelo sokuvikela ubuso bopende. Idiski yokupholisha yomshini wokupholisha wesenzo esisodwa ijikeleza kuphela ohlangothini oluqondile, futhi amandla okusika agxile endaweni yasendaweni. Uma ukusebenza kungafanele (njengokuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu noma ingcindezi engalingani), kulula kakhulu ukubangela imigqa ekhanyayo, ukusha noma ngisho nesisekelo esiveziwe ebusweni bopende, ikakhulukazi umonakalo wopende wasefektri wokuqala awunakuguqulwa.

Umshini wokupholisha osebenza kabili ufeza "ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle" ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili ezizimele: ngenkathi idiski yokupholisha ijikeleza i-axis yayo (ngesivinini sama-revolution angu-600-3000 ngomzuzu), futhi ihamba ngendlela ezungeze i-shaft engavamile (ene-eccentricity engu-3-15mm). Lokhu kunyakaza okuhlanganisiwe kusabalalisa ngokulinganayo amandla okugaya endaweni enkulu (kukhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-40% uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli esenzo esisodwa), kunciphisa isikhathi sesenzo senhlayiya ngayinye yokugaya. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokusika kodwa futhi kugwema ukushisa ngokweqile kwendawo. Imininingwane yokuqhathanisa evela elabhorethri ethile yobuso bopende bezimoto ikhombisa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, izinga lomonakalo wobuso bopende obangelwa umshini wokupholisha osebenza kabili liyi-1/8 kuphela yalelo lomshini wokupholisha osebenza kabili, kuyilapho ukusebenza kahle kokususa imihuzuko kukhuphuke ngo-30%.

Umklamo olungisekayo wobungqabavu wandisa kakhulu ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusebenza kabili. Ubungqabavu obuncane (3-6mm) bufanelekela ukupholisha kahle (njengokuqedwa kwesibuko), kanye nobukhulu obuncane bokunyakaza kwethrekhi, okuholela kumamaki okugaya amahle kakhulu. Ubungqabavu obukhulu (9-15mm) bufanelekela ukugaya okuqinile (njengokususa izendlalelo ze-oxide), futhi indawo enkulu yokumboza ithrekhi ingasingatha ngokushesha amaphutha amakhulu endawo. Lesi sici "esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi emshinini owodwa" senza kube lula umshini wokupholisha onezinyathelo ezimbili ukuqedela yonke inqubo kusukela ekulungisweni kuya ekukhanyeni ngaphandle kokushintsha imishini njalo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi.

Umklamo webhethri le-lithium elingenantambo: Okuhlangenwe nakho kwamahhala okudlula imikhawulo yesehlakalo
Ubude bentambo kagesi (ngokuvamile amamitha ama-5 kuya kwangu-8) kanye nendawo yesokhethi yemishini yokupholisha enezintambo yendabuko bekulokhu kuyizinkinga ezivimbela ukuguquguquka kokusebenza. Lapho upholisha izindawo ezinkulu njengophahla kanye ne-hood, ukudonsa intambo kagesi akugcini nje ngokwandisa ukumelana nokusebenza kodwa futhi kungaklwebha ubuso bopende. Ezimweni zangaphandle (njengezindawo zokupaka izimoto nezindawo zokubonisa izimoto), uma kungekho interface kagesi, imishini ngeke isetshenziswe nhlobo. Ukuvela komklamo wezimoto zikagesi ze-lithium ezingenantambo kuxazulule ngokuphelele leli phuzu elibuhlungu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kobuningi bamandla amabhethri e-lithium kunikeza isiqinisekiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza okungenazintambo. Amamodeli ajwayelekile afakwe amabhethri e-lithium angu-18V noma angu-20V. Uma ehlanganiswe nebhethri elinomthamo ongu-5.0Ah, impilo yebhethri ingafinyelela imizuzu engama-40 kuya kwengama-60 - okwanele ukuqeda inqubo ephelele yokupholisha (kusukela ekugayeni okunzima kuya ekugayeni kahle) kwe-sedan ephakathi nendawo (cishe amamitha-skwele ama-5 obuso bopende). Ngisho nasemamodeli amakhulu afana nama-SUV, ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kungatholakala ngokushintshwa okusheshayo kwamabhethri asele (kuqedwe ngemizuzwana engama-30), ngokusebenza kahle okulingana namamodeli anezintambo. Imininingwane esebenzayo ye-salon ethile yobungcweti ikhombisa ukuthi ngemuva kokusebenzisa umshini wokupholisha ongenazintambo ophindwe kabili, isikhathi esiphelele sokupholisha imoto yonke sincishisiwe kusuka kumaminithi angama-90 ngemishini yendabuko enezintambo saya kumaminithi angama-75, phakathi kwawo isikhathi esisindisiwe ngenxa yokunciphisa ukuhudula ikhebula sibalwa ngo-15%.

Ukulawula isisindo kungenye inzuzo enkulu yomklamo ongenazintambo. Ngenxa yobukhulu bemoto kanye nesisindo sezintambo, isisindo somshini wokupholisha wendabuko osebenzisa izintambo ngokuvamile singaphezu kwamakhilogremu ama-3. Ukuwubamba ngesandla esisodwa isikhathi eside kungabangela kalula ukukhathala kwengalo (okwaziwa embonini ngokuthi "i-polishing hand"). Umshini wokupholisha we-cordless double-action, ngokwenza ngcono isakhiwo semoto (kusetshenziswa ama-rare earth permanent magnet motors) kanye nezinto ezilula (umzimba wenziwe ngezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-nylon enamandla kakhulu + ingilazi), ugcina isisindo singaphakathi kuka-1.5-2kg. Uma kuhambisana nomklamo wesibambo osebenza kahle, ngisho nangemva kokusebenza okuqhubekayo amahora ama-2, ukukhathala kwemisipha yomqhubi kungancishiswa ngo-60%.

Ibhalansi phakathi kwamandla nobubanzi: Ukulawulwa okunembile kobuchwepheshe bebhethri le-lithium
Inselelo eyinhloko yemishini engenazintambo "ukuzinza kokukhishwa kwamandla", kanti umshini wokupholisha osebenza kabili ongenazintambo osezingeni eliphezulu uphumelele ngokusebenzisa izinto ezintathu zobuchwepheshe. Okokuqala, kukhona uhlelo lokulawula isivinini oluhlakaniphile. Inzwa yamanje eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ingaqapha izinguquko zomthwalo ngesikhathi sangempela: lapho idiski yokupholisha ihlangana nesici sobuso bopende esiqinile (njengokuklwebheka okujulile), ikhulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla enjini (ngokwanda okusheshayo okufika ku-20%) ukuze igcine isivinini esizinzile sokujikeleza. Lapho isebenza ngezendlalelo ze-varnish ezithambile, amandla azoncishiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kugwenywe ukugaya ngokweqile. Lokhu "kulungiswa okuguquguqukayo" kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kokugaya ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene zobuso bopende futhi kuxazulula inkinga "yokwehla kwesivinini ngokuzumayo lapho umthwalo ukhuphuka" emishinini yendabuko engenazintambo.

Okwesibili ubuchwepheshe bokuphathwa kokukhishwa kwamabhethri e-lithium. Amaphakethe ebhethri anesakhiwo esilandelanayo nesihambisanayo (ngokuvamile esakhiwe ngamaseli ayi-10 kuya kwangu-12 angu-18650), ehlanganiswe ne-BMS ehlakaniphile (Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwebhethri), angalawula ngokunembile ukujula kokukhishwa kweseli ngalinye, agweme ukunciphisa amandla okubangelwa ukungalingani kwamaseli. Uhlelo lwe-BMS luphinde lube nokuvikelwa kokushaja ngokweqile (ukushintshela ngokuzenzakalela ekugelezeni okuconsayo lapho kushajwa ku-95%), ukuvikelwa kokukhishwa ngokweqile (ukunqamula amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho izinga lebhethri lehla ngaphansi kuka-10%), kanye nokuvikelwa kokushisa ngokweqile (ukuvala ngenkani lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula u-60℃), ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwebhethri ngesikhathi sokushaja njalo kanye nemijikelezo yokukhishwa. Impilo yomjikelezo ingafinyelela izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-500 (kubalwa ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okubili ngesonto) Ingasetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile iminyaka emi-5.

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo kuye kwaqeda "ukukhathazeka ngempilo yebhethri". Imodeli esekela "ukushaja okungu-80% ngemizuzu engama-30" ingaqeda ukushaja ibhethri ngesikhathi sekhefu lasemini, ihlangabezane ngokugcwele nezidingo zokusetshenziswa okunamandla kakhulu kwezindawo zobuhle zobungcweti usuku lonke. Amanye amamodeli aphezulu afakwe nezikrini zokubonisa amandla ebhethri (ezinembile ngomzuzu), okuvumela opharetha ukuthi bahlele inqubo yokusebenza ngokufanele ngokusekelwe empilweni yebhethri esele ukuze bagweme ukucima kukagesi phakathi nendawo okuthinta umphumela wokupholisha - lolu hlobo "lokulawula" luyinto engenziwa ngamadivayisi endabuko anezintambo.

Ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngendlela ehlelekile: Ukwenza umsebenzi wobungcweti utholakale kalula
Izinzuzo zomshini wokupholisha we-lithium kagesi osebenza ngezintambo ezimbili azibonakali nje kuphela kumapharamitha obuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi zibonakala kuyo yonke imininingwane ehambisana nemikhuba yokusebenza kwabantu. Kubasebenzisi abasafufusa, "ubunzima bokuqala" buvame ukuba yisithiyo esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokubekezelela amaphutha lobuchwepheshe be-dual-action ngokwalo liye lehlisa kakhulu umkhawulo wokusebenza. Uma lihlanganiswe nomklamo wesakhiwo owenziwe ngabantu, liye lanciphisa ibanga phakathi kwabasebenzisi abavamile nemiphumela yobungcweti.

Umklamo wesibambo uwuhlobo oluyinhloko lwe-ergonomics. Imodeli esezingeni eliphezulu isebenzisa ukubamba "kwesitayela sesibhamu", i-Angle yokubamba ihambisana ne-Angle lapho ingalo ilenga ngokwemvelo (cishe ngo-15°), kunciphisa ukukhathala okubangelwa ukugoba kwesandla. Ubuso bumbozwe ngezinto zerabha ezingasheleli, ngokujula kokuthungwa okungu-0.5mm. Lokhu akuqinisekisi nje kuphela ukuqina kwesibambo (noma ngabe intende yesandla iyajuluka, akulula ukushelela), kodwa futhi kungamunca ukudlidliza okuthile (kunciphisa ukudluliselwa kokudlidliza ngo-30% uma kuqhathaniswa nezibambo ezibushelelezi). Amanye amamodeli afakwe izibambo eziseceleni ezilungisekayo. Abasebenzisi bangakhetha indawo yokufaka ngokwemikhuba yabo yesandla sobunxele noma kwesokudla. Ezimweni ezidinga ukuphakamisa okuphezulu, njengokupholisa uphahla, izibambo eziseceleni zinganikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe futhi zinciphise umthwalo ezingalweni.

Ukwenza lula isikhombimsebenzisi sokusebenza kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukulungiswa kwesivinini semishini yokupholisha yendabuko ikakhulukazi kuyizinkinobho zezigaba eziningi. Uma ushintsha, umuntu udinga ukwehlisa ikhanda lakhe ukuze ahlole isikali. Umshini wokupholisha osebenza kabili ongenantambo usebenzisa inkinobho yokushintsha isivinini engenazinyathelo. Isivinini singalawulwa ngqo yingcindezi yesithupha (ukucindezela okuncane kuholela esivinini esiphansi, ukucindezela okukhulu kuholela esivinini esiphezulu), futhi ukulungiswa kungaqedwa ngaphandle kokushiya indawo yokupenda. Indawo yokushintsha yakhelwe "endaweni yokuthinta yemvelo" ngaphezu kwesibambo, okuvumela ukusebenza okunembile ngisho nalapho ugqoke amagilavu. Le ndlela yokulawula "lokho okubonayo yilokho okutholayo" ivumela abaqalayo ukuthola ngokushesha isivinini esifanele sokujikeleza futhi bagweme ukulimala kwendawo yokupenda okubangelwa yizilungiselelo zepharamitha ezingalungile.

Ukwenziwa ngcono kwesikhungo samandla adonsela phansi se-fuselage kuvame ukunganakwa kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu. umshini wokupholisha osebenza kabili ifaka ibhethri le-lithium ngaphansi kwesibambo, okwenza isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi somshini wonke sihambisane ne-axis ephakathi yesibambo. Uma ibanjwe ngesandla esisodwa, umuzwa wokuba "osindayo kakhulu" uncishiswa kakhulu. Idatha yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi kumamodeli anesikhungo samandla adonsela phansi esilinganiselayo, lapho opharetha epholisha izindawo ezivundlile njenge-hood yenjini, ukucindezeleka kwemisipha yengalo kuncishiswa ngo-50%. Lapho kupholisha izindawo eziqondile njengeminyango yemoto, ingozi yokushelela kwemishini incishiswa ngo-70%. Lo "mklamo osindisa abasebenzi" wenza amahora amaningi okusebenza abe nokwenzeka futhi uvumela abasebenzisi besifazane abaningi ukuthi bakwazi ukuwuphatha kalula.

Amandla okuzivumelanisa nezimo zesimo: Ukumbozwa okugcwele kusukela kuma-workshop ochwepheshe kuya kumagaraji asekhaya
Inzuzo eyinhloko yomshini wokupholisha we-lithium kagesi ongenazintambo iyabonakala ekugcineni ekuzivumelaniseni kwawo okunamandla nezimo ezahlukahlukene. Awugcini nje ezindaweni zokusebenza ezihleliwe ezindaweni zobuhle zobungcweti futhi awusabi izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezindawo zangaphandle. Ungahlangabezana kangcono nezidingo ze-DIY zabasebenzisi basekhaya. Lesi sici "sobuchule obuphelele" asinakuqhathaniswa nemishini yendabuko.

Ekusetshenzisweni kwezitolo zobuhle bezimoto zobungcweti, inzuzo yomshini wokupholisha ongenazintambo osebenza kabili ilele "ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo". Uma imishini yendabuko enezintambo isetshenziswa ukuphatha imoto, kuyadingeka ukuxhuma nokukhipha ugesi njalo noma ukudonsa izintambo ezindaweni ezahlukene zokusebenza (indawo yokuwasha izimoto → indawo yokupholisha → indawo yokupholisha), okudla isikhathi futhi okubeka engcupheni yokuphepha. Imodeli engenazintambo ingahamba ngokukhululeka phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene zokusebenza futhi, ngokuhlanganiswa nebhethri elisele, ifinyelele "ukuxhumana okungenamthungo", inciphise isikhathi sokunakekelwa kwemoto eyodwa ngo-20%. Kuma-salon obuhle ahlanganisiwe, imishini elula (1.8kg) nayo inciphisa amandla abasebenzi futhi yehlisa ukuvela kokulimala nezifo emsebenzini (njenge-carpal tunnel syndrome).

Indawo yangaphandle "iyindawo yasekhaya" yomklamo ongenazintambo. Endaweni yokubonisa izimoto, kudingeka ukukhanya okusheshayo kanye nokupholisha izimoto zombukiso. Umshini wokupholisha ongenazintambo osebenza kabili ungasetshenziswa ngqo eceleni kwebhokisi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusesha ugesi. Endaweni yokuhlola izimoto emakethe yokuhweba ngezimoto ezisetshenzisiwe, ukulungiswa kwesikhashana kwamaphutha obuso bopende kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokuthengiselana. Ngisho nangesikhathi sekhefu lesikhashana ngemva kokuhamba emgwaqweni endle, imihuzuko emincane ingaxazululwa ngamadivayisi aphathwayo angenazintambo. Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe yiklabhu ethile yangaphandle komgwaqo kukhombisa ukuthi endaweni yokukhempa engenawo ugesi wangaphandle, umshini wokupholisha onezinyathelo ezimbili onebhethri le-20V/5Ah ungaqedela ukulungiswa kwendawo kokuklwebheka kwezimoto ezine ngaphandle komgwaqo.

Izidingo zabasebenzisi basekhaya zigxile kakhulu "ekulula ukuyisebenzisa" kanye "nokuphepha". Umklamo onomsindo ophansi womshini wokupholisha ongenazintambo osebenza kabili (umsindo osebenzayo ≤85 decibels) ngeke uphazamise indawo, futhi isici sawo esilula senza abasebenzisi besifazane bakwazi ukuwusebenzisa kalula. Ingozi yokulimala okuphansi kobuchwepheshe be-double-action inciphisa ingcindezi yengqondo kubasebenzi abasafufusa. Impendulo yomnikazi wemoto ozenzela yona imele kahle: "Esikhathini esidlule, lapho ngisebenzisa umshini wokupholisha onesenzo esisodwa, ngangihlala ngikhathazekile ngokulimaza ubuso bopende. Njalo ngangiqaphile kakhulu, kodwa umphumela wawungemuhle." Ngemva kokushintshela kumodeli engenazintambo enesenzo esikabili, noma ngabe ngiyisebenzisa ngendlela engafanele ngezikhathi ezithile, azikho izinkinga ngobuso bopende. Manje sengingayinakekela kahle imoto yami kanye ngenyanga, futhi izindleko zobuhle ezigciniwe zanele ukuthenga amadiski amaningana amahle okupholisha."

Ingqikithi yezinzuzo eziyinhloko: Inani elisha elidalwe ukubambisana kwezobuchwepheshe
Inzuzo eyinhloko yomshini wokupholisha imoto kagesi we-lithium osebenza ngezindlela ezimbili awukho ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obubodwa, kodwa emphumeleni wokubambisana wezinhlelo ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe: ukupholisha okusebenza ngezindlela ezimbili, ibhethri le-lithium elingenazintambo, kanye ne-ergonomics. Ubuchwepheshe bezenzo ezimbili buxazulula ukungqubuzana phakathi "kokuvikela ukugaya nokupenda okusebenzayo", umklamo ongenazintambo uphula ukuphikisana phakathi "kokusebenza kobungcweti kanye nemikhawulo yesehlakalo", kanti i-ergonomics isusa isithiyo phakathi "komphumela wobungcweti kanye nomkhawulo wokusebenza".

Inani elisha lalokhu kudalwa ngokubambisana libonakala ezicini ezintathu: Ngaphezulu kopende, kufinyelela "ukunakekelwa okuphephile nokusebenza kahle", okwandisa ukugcinwa kobuqotho bopende wokuqala wasefektri; Kwabasebenzi, inikeza "okuhlangenwe nakho kobungcweti okukhululekile", kunciphisa ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe. Embonini, ihlele kabusha "isakhiwo sezindleko zokunakekelwa kopende wezimoto", okwenza imiphumela yezinga lobuchwepheshe ingasaxhomekile ezinsizakalweni ezibiza kakhulu, futhi abasebenzisi abavamile bangazifeza nge-DIY.

Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuningi bamandla bamabhethri e-lithium kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-dual-action, imishini yokupholisha kagesi ye-lithium engenantambo iba yindlela eyinhloko yokunakekelwa kobuso bopende bezimoto. Ukuvela kwayo akugcini nje ngokuphindaphinda amathuluzi, kodwa futhi kuyindlela entsha "yokukhathalela" - ngenkathi iphishekela ubuso bopende obuphelele, inaka kakhulu ukuphepha, ukulula kanye nokulawulwa kwenqubo. Kuwo wonke umuntu oqaphela ukuqeda kopende emotweni yakhe, leli bhalansi lingaba yinzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu.