Dore zimwe mu nzira zikoreshwa zikwiriye moteri za lisansi zifite moteri enye

Imitsi ine Moteri ya lisansi moteri, hamwe n'inyungu zazo zo kuba ingufu zihamye, uburebure burambye, n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha, zikorera cyane ibyo zisabwa nko "gutanga ingufu zihutirwa", "ibikorwa byo hanze", no "kongera ingufu mu bihe byihariye". Ibi bikurikira ni byo byiciro by'ingenzi kandi bikunze gukoreshwa mu byiciro n'ibisobanuro birambuye kugira ngo bihuze neza n'ibikenewe mu by'ukuri:

Ubwa mbere, ibibazo by’ingufu z’amashanyarazi: Gukemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amashanyarazi ritunguranye no kwemeza ko hari ibyo ukeneye by’ibanze
Igikenewe cyane muri ibyo bihe ni "gushyira ingufu mu buryo bwihuse no gukomeza gukoresha ibikoresho by'ingenzi". Urusaku ruto (ugereranije n'ingufu ebyiri) n'igihe kirekire bateri imara (nta mpamvu yo kongeramo amavuta avanze kenshi) bya moderi enye zikoreshwa mu bihe byihutirwa by'igihe kirekire.

Ibibazo byihutirwa ku birebana n'ibura ry'amashanyarazi ritunguranye mu ngo: Ibura ry'amashanyarazi mu bice by'abaturage riterwa n'ikirere kibi cyane nk'imvura nyinshi, urubura rwinshi, n'inkubi z'umuyaga, cyangwa ibura ry'amashanyarazi riterwa no kubungabunga insinga z'amashanyarazi zishaje (ubusanzwe zimara amasaha menshi kugeza ku munsi 1-2).

Imikoreshereze y'ibanze: Frigo zikoresha umuriro (kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibiryo byangirika), ibikoresho by'amatara (amatara y'itoroshi/amashanyarazi yihutirwa), ibikoresho bito byo mu rugo (amatafari y'umuceri, amasafuriya y'amashanyarazi yo gukemura ibibazo by'ibanze by'imirire), router (kugira ngo hakomeze itumanaho rya interineti), cyane cyane imiryango ifite abageze mu zabukuru n'abana.

Uburyo bwo kongera ingufu mu byihutirwa mu nyubako z'ubucuruzi: Ibura ry'amashanyarazi mu maduka manini, mu maduka acuruza ibikoresho byoroshye, no muri farumasi nto (ni ngombwa kugenzura imikorere y'utubati dukonjesha n'ibikonjesha kugira ngo hirindwe ko umusaruro/imiti mibisha yangirika). Resitora nto yahuye n'ibura ry'amashanyarazi (hatanzwe amashanyarazi y'agateganyo kugira ngo hakomeze gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kubika amafaranga n'amatara y'ibanze kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cyo gufunga ubucuruzi).

Ibyiza: Moteri zifite stroke enye ifite ingufu nyinshi (1-10kW ni rusange), ishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by'ingufu z'ubucuruzi bw'ibipimo bitandukanye. Byongeye kandi, zitera gutigita guke mu gihe cyo gukora, bigatuma zikoreshwa hafi y'aho ziherereye haba mu nzu no hanze.

Gutanga ubufasha bwihutirwa mu bijyanye n'ubuvuzi birakoreshwa mu mavuriro yo mu cyaro, ibigo nderabuzima bito (ahantu hari imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi idakora neza), cyangwa "amashanyarazi adakora neza" mu bitaro binini (kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi nk'imashini zitanga amazi n'ibikoresho bito bihagarara bitewe n'ibura ry'amashanyarazi ritunguranye).

Icyitonderwa: Ibyuma bifite "imikorere yo kuzigama amashanyarazi" bigomba gutoranywa kugira ngo bihamye ko umuriro w'amashanyarazi uhoraho kandi birinde kwangiza ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bigezweho.

Icya kabiri, ibikorwa byo hanze/iby'ubuhanga: "Isoko ry'amashanyarazi agendanwa" mu bidukikije bidafite imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi
Ibikorwa byo hanze (cyane cyane ibikorwa remezo, imitako, n'ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi n'amashyamba) bikunze guhura n'ikibazo cy'"nta muyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhoraho". Uburyo bwo gutwara (imwe mu miterere ifite amapine) no kuramba (guhuza n'ibidukikije bigoye) bya moteri zikoresha ibyuma bine byabaye inyungu zabyo z'ingenzi.

Uburyo bukoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi ku bikorwa remezo/ahantu ho gushushanya: Imitako y'amazu yiyubakiye mu cyaro (iyo amazi n'amashanyarazi bidahujwe, bitanga amashanyarazi ku bikoresho by'amashanyarazi nk'imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi, ibyuma bikata, n'imashini zisya). Gusana imihanda no kubaka umujyi (amashanyarazi ku bantu bato Pompe y'amazis, ibikoresho by'amatara n'amatara y'agateganyo yo kuburira).

Ibisabwa bisanzwe: Hitamo ubwoko bwa "2-5kW", bushobora gutwara icyarimwe ibikoresho 1-2 by'amashanyarazi biciriritse n'ibito kandi bugakurikirana imirimo ihoraho mu gihe cy'amasaha 4-6 (ubusanzwe ubushobozi bwa tanki ya lisansi ni 5-10L, kandi ikoreshwa rya lisansi ni hafi 1-2L/isaha).

Ingero zikwiye ku bijyanye n'itangwa ry'amashanyarazi mu bikorwa by'ubuhinzi n'amashyamba: Uburyo bwo kuhira mu mirima y’ibiti/imirima y’amashyamba (gutanga amashanyarazi ku mapompo y’amazi kugira ngo hakemurwe ikibazo cy’uko nta masoko y’amazi cyangwa nta nsinga z’amashanyarazi mu turere twa kure). Guhinga ingemwe z’ibiti (gutanga amashanyarazi ku bikoresho bito bigenzura ubushyuhe n’imiti itera imiti kugira ngo imbuto zikure neza).

Ibyiza: Moteri zifite imiterere ine ntizishobora kugwa mu mukungugu kandi zishobora kwihanganira gutigita guke. Zishobora gukoreshwa ku butaka butaringaniye nko mu mirima no mu misozi. Byongeye kandi, bitandukanye na moteri zifite imiterere ibiri, ntizisaba kuvanga lisansi na peteroli, bigatuma akazi koroha.

Ibyerekeye amashanyarazi ku bikoresho by'itumanaho/umutekano: Sitasiyo z'ibanze mu turere twa kure (guha amashanyarazi ibikoresho by'ibimenyetso bya sitasiyo y'ibanze mu gihe cyo gusana by'agateganyo cyangwa kwangirika k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi); Gukurikirana umutekano wo hanze (amashanyarazi ya kamera n'inkuba za infrared mu bwubatsi no mu mirima y'imbuto zidafite umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi).

Ibisabwa by'ingenzi: Hitamo ubwoko "bukoresha lisansi nke kandi bufite uburebure buke". Bumwe bushobora gushyirwaho imirasire y'izuba kugira ngo bugere ku "bubasha bwuzuzanya", bigabanye ikibazo cyo kongeramo lisansi kenshi.

Icya gatatu, imibereho yo hanze/imyidagaduro: Kongera ubunararibonye no gukemura ikibazo cy' "ubwisanzure bw'amashanyarazi"
Kubera ko ingendo zo mu nkambi, ingendo za RV n'ibikorwa byo hanze byamamaye, moteri zikoresha ibyuma bine (four-stroke moteri) zabaye inyongera ku "masoko yoroheje y'amashanyarazi yo hanze", cyane cyane akwiriye ahantu ho hanze hatuwe n'abantu benshi kandi hamara igihe kirekire.

Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi ku muhanda/aho gukambika: Ingendo za RV zo mu ntera ndende (iyo ziparitse ahantu ho gukambika hatarimo aho gushyushya, zitanga umuriro kuri firigo iri mu bwato, icyuma gikonjesha, n'icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo byongere ihumure ryo kubaho). Gukambika mu muryango/mu itsinda (gushyushya no gucana amatara y'ihema, grills za barbecue (ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi ashyushye), porojeketeri, telefoni zigendanwa/kamera).

Inama zo guhitamo: Shyira imbere "icyitegererezo kidacecetse" (urusaku rwa ≤60 decibels) kugira ngo wirinde guhungabanya abandi. Ingufu za 1-3kW zirahagije. Ni ntoya mu bunini (ipima 20-30kg) kandi yoroshye kuyitwara.

Inkunga y'ibikorwa byo hanze/ibikorwa ikenewe: Sitasiyo zo gutanga ibikoresho byo gusiganwa muri marato no mu marushanwa yo mu gihugu hose (gutanga amashanyarazi ku dusanduku dushyushya, utumashini dutanga amazi, n'amatara yihutirwa); Ibirori by'umuziki byo hanze n'amasoko (gutanga ibikoresho bito by'amajwi, amatara yo gushushanya ya LED n'ibikoresho byo gukusanya amafaranga).

Ibisabwa by'ingenzi: Ibikoresho byinshi "bikoreshwa icyarimwe" (inkunga y'imikorere ijyanye n'igihe irakenewe) kugira ngo ihuze n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi rikoreshwa mu buryo bwo hagati. Hitamo uburyo "bworoshye gutangira" (burimo uburyo bwo gukurura intoki n'uburyo bwo gutangiza hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi) kugira ngo uhangane n'ikirere cyo hanze gishyuha cyane.

Ibintu bifatika ku bikoresho byo gutura mu gace ka kure: ingo zo mu misozi miremire n'iz'amatungo (aho amashanyarazi adatwikiriye cyangwa umuriro udahindagurika, ukaba ukoreshwa buri munsi nk'inyongera ku mashini zimesa, televiziyo nto, n'amatara). Amatsinda ashinzwe ubushakashatsi bwo hanze n'amatsinda y'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi (atanga ingufu zo gupima ibikoresho, mudasobwa zigendanwa na telefoni za satelite).

Ibyiza: Moteri ifite moteri enye ifite igipimo gito cyo gucika intege kandi yoroshye kuyibungabunga (guhindura amavuta buri gihe no gusukura akayunguruzo k'umwuka birahagije). Ishobora kwimenyereza ibidukikije bikomeye nko mu bushyuhe buri hasi no mu misozi miremire (imwe muri moteri zifite "adaptateri yo mu misozi miremire" kugira ngo hirindwe ko ingufu zigabanuka).

Icya kane, imiterere yihariye y'inganda/iy'umwuga: Huza ibisabwa byihariye kugira ngo urebe ko imikorere ikora neza
Inganda zimwe na zimwe zifite "ibisabwa by'umwuga" ku gutanga amashanyarazi. Imashini zitanga amashanyarazi zifite imiterere ine, bitewe n'uko "zishobora guhindurwa" kandi "zigakomera cyane", zabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu bihe runaka.

Ibintu bifatika ku mbuga za filime na televiziyo/amatangazo: Iyo ifata amashusho hanze, itanga ingufu ku bikoresho by'urumuri (amatara y'indorerwamo, amatara y'inyuma), ibikoresho bito byo gufotora (monitors, gimbal stabilizers), kandi ikwiriye cyane ahantu nyaburanga ho kure, mu butayu, mu mashyamba n'ahandi hatari imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi.

Ibisabwa by'ingenzi: Gukora bucece (kugira ngo hirindwe ko amajwi yahungabanye), ingufu zihoraho (kugira ngo hirindwe ko ingufu zihindagurika zangiza ibikoresho byo gufotora). Hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bushobora gushyirwamo "imodoka zitwara amashanyarazi zigendanwa" kugira ngo zigere ku ngufu zigendanwa zoroshye.

Ibintu bifatika bishobora kubaho mu gihe habaye inkongi y'umuriro/ubutabazi: Umutingito, imyuzure n'ahandi hantu habera ibiza (amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gutanga amatara yihutirwa, ibikoresho byo gusenya (amashanyarazi), ibikoresho bipima ubuzima); Kurwanya inkongi z'umuriro mu mashyamba (gutanga amashanyarazi ku mapompo y'amazi n'ibikoresho by'itumanaho kugira ngo bifashe mu bikorwa byo kuzimya inkongi).

Ibyiza: Ubudahangarwa bwiza ku ngaruka n'imikorere idapfa amazi (imwe muri moderi ifite amanota ya IPX3 adapfa amazi), kandi ishobora kwihanganira ibiza bikomeye.