He aha ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā taputapu?

He mea nui te mahi a ngā taputapu taputapu i roto i te oranga o ia rā me te hanga ahumahi. Ko te whiriwhiri i ā rātou rauemi ka pā tika ki te mahi me te roa o te mahi a ngā taputapu. Ko ētahi o ngā rauemi e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā taputapu taputapu me ō rātou āhuatanga:

Tuatahi, te maitai taputapu waro
Ko te maitai taputapu waro tētahi o ngā rauemi matua mō te hanga taputapu, he tino pakari, he ātete hoki ki te pakaru. He mea whakamahi noa hei hanga taputapu pēnei i ngā hama ringa, ngā kī me ngā tīwiri. Ko te nui o te waro o te maitai taputapu waro kei waenga i te 0.65% me te 1.35%. I muri i te whakamahana, ka eke tōna pakeke ki te HRC60-65. Ka taea e ngā taputapu i hangaia mai i tēnei rauemi te pupuri i te koi o ngā taha i te wā e whakamahia ana, ā, he pai mō te tukatuka pai.

Tuarua, te maitai taputapu koranu
Ka whakawhanakehia te maitai taputapu koranu i runga i te kaupapa o te waro taputapu te maitai mā te tāpiri i ngā huānga koranu (pērā i te chromium, te manganese, te tungsten, te vanadium, me ētahi atu) hei whakarei ake i te mahi a ngā taputapu. He nui ake te pakeke o te maitai taputapu koranu, te ātete ki te kakahu me te pakari, ā, he pai mō te hanga taputapu e hiahia ana kia nui ake te pānga me te kakahu, pērā i ngā whao, ngā pū me ngā taputapu mira. Ka taea e te pakeke o te maitai taputapu koranu te eke ki te HRC60-70, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te tukatuka tino tika.

Tuatoru, te maitai taputapu tere-teitei
Ko te maitai taputapu tere-rahi he momo maitai taputapu mahi-teitei, kei roto ngā huānga whakarewa pērā i te tungsten, te molybdenum, te chromium me te vanadium. Ka taea e ngā taputapu i hangaia mai i tēnei rauemi te pupuri i te mahi tapahi pai rawa atu i raro i ngā āhuatanga tapahi tere-rahi, me te whakaatu i te pakeke teitei, te ātete ki te kakahu me te pumau wera teitei. Ka taea e te pakeke o te maitai taputapu tere-rahi te eke ki te HRC63-70, he mea pai mō te hanga taputapu tapahi pērā i ngā taputapu huri, ngā taputapu mira, me ngā wiri. I te wā o te tukanga tapahi tere-rahi, ka taea e te maitai taputapu tere-rahi te pupuri i te koi o te mata tapahi, te whakaiti i te kakahu o te taputapu me te whakapai ake i te pai o te tukatuka.

Tuawhā, te waro sima
Ko te koranu mārō he rauemi koranu i hangaia mā te tukanga whakarewa paura mai i ngā matū mārō o ngā konganuku ātete me ngā konganuku here. He tino pakari, he ātete hoki ki te kakahu, ā, ko tōna pakeke e eke ana ki te HRA89-93, he nui ake i te maitai taputapu noa. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te koranu mārō hei hanga taputapu tapahi pērā i ngā mata wiri, ngā taputapu mira me ngā taputapu huri, ā, he tino pai mō te tukatuka i ngā rauemi he tino pakari, pērā i te maitai kore waikura me te rino maka. Nā tōna pakari me tōna ātete ki te kakahu, he roa ake te ora o ngā taputapu koranu mārō, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa.

Tuarima, Kowiri tira
He maitai koranu te maitai kore waikura, he tino ātete ki te waikura, kei roto i te 10.5% te iti rawa o te chromium. He pai te ātete ki te waikura o ngā taputapu maitai kore waikura i ngā taiao haukū, ā, he pai mō ngā wāhi haukū pērā i ngā kīhini me ngā kaukau. Ko te pakeke o te maitai kore waikura kei waenganui i te HRC20 me te 30. Ahakoa kāore tōna pakeke i te rite te teitei ki te maitai taputapu waro me te maitai taputapu koranu, nā tōna ātete ki te waikura me te pakari ka waiho hei rauemi pai mō te hanga taputapu pērā i ngā kī, ngā tīwiri me ngā pliers. Ngā taputapu kowiri tira ehara i te mea he ataahua noa iho, engari he roa hoki te ora ratonga, ā, he iti hoki te utu tiaki.

Tuaono, konumohe koranu
He rauemi konganuku mama, kaha hoki te koranu konumohe, he pai rawa te kawe hiko me te wera. Ko ngā taputapu koranu konumohe e whakamahia ana hei hanga rama, pouaka taputapu, kī, me ētahi atu. He iti noa te mātotoru o te koranu konumohe, kotahi hautoru noa iho i te mātotoru o te maitai. Nō reira, he mama ngā taputapu koranu konumohe, he ngāwari ki te kawe me te whakahaere. I taua wā, he tino ātete ki te waikura te koranu konumohe, ā, he pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao makuku. Ko te pakeke o ngā taputapu koranu konumohe kei waenganui i te HB60 me te 100. Ahakoa he iti te pakeke, ko tōna pakari me tōna māmā ka hoatu he painga motuhake ki ētahi āhuatanga tono.

Tuawhitu, Kirihou
He māmā te kirihou, he rauemi ārai mate hoki, he tino ātete ki te waikura me te whakamahana. Ko ngā taputapu kirihou te tikanga e whakamahia ana hei hanga kakau, hei hanga taputapu ārai mate, me ētahi atu. He iti te kiato o te kirihou, he māmā, ā, he ngāwari ki te kawe me te pupuri. I taua wā, he pai ngā āhuatanga ārai mate o te kirihou, ā, he pai mō te tiaki hiko me te tiaki i ngā taputapu hiko. Ko te pakeke o ngā taputapu kirihou kei waenganui i te HB20 me te 40. Ahakoa he iti te pakeke, ko te ārai mate me te māmā ka hoatu he painga motuhake ki a rātou i roto i ētahi āhuatanga tono.

Tuawaru, ngā koranu parahi
He momo rauemi whakarewa te koranu parahi, he pai te kawe hiko me te kawe wera, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia hei hanga taputapu hiko, hama parahi, me ētahi atu. Ko te pakeke o ngā koranu parahi kei waenganui i te HB80 me te 120. Ahakoa he iti te pakeke, nā te pai o te kawe hiko me te pakari, he rauemi pai mō te hanga taputapu hiko. He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu koranu parahi ki te tiaki hiko me te tiaki i ngā taputapu hiko, ā, ka ārai i te kino o ngā taputapu i puta mai i ngā taputapu.

Tuaiwa, Whakarāpopototanga
Te kōwhiringa rauemi o ngā taputapu ngā taputapu He pānga nui ki te mahi me te roa o te mahi. He pai te maitai taputapu waro me te maitai taputapu koranu mō te hanga taputapu e hiahia ana kia pakeke rawa, kia ātete hoki ki te kakahu. He pai te maitai taputapu tere-teitei me te karawiti sima mō te hanga taputapu tapahi tino tika. Nā te ātete pai ki te waikura me te māmā o te maitai konumohe, he pai mō ngā taiao makuku me ngā āhuatanga e hiahia ana ki ngā taputapu kawe. He pai ngā kirihou me ngā koranu parahi mō te hanga taputapu motuhake nā ō rātou āhuatanga ārai me te kawe hiko. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā taputapu taputapu, me whiriwhiri te rauemi tika i runga i ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga motuhake me ngā āhuatanga taiao hei whakarite i te mahi me te roa o te mahi o ngā taputapu.

Ko te tumanako ka taea e ngā kōrero o runga ake nei te āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ake ki ngā rauemi me ngā āhuatanga noa o ngā taputapu pūmārō. Mena he pātai āu mō ngā rauemi o ngā taputapu pūmārō, he hiahia rānei ki ētahi atu kōrero, tēnā whakapā mai ki a mātou i ngā wā katoa.