Ziziphi izinto ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zehardware?

Izixhobo zehardware zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla nakwimveliso yemizi-mveliso. Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zazo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nobomi benkonzo yezixhobo. Ezi zilandelayo zezinye zezinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwizixhobo zehardware kunye neempawu zazo:

Okokuqala, intsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni
Intsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zokwenza izixhobo, enobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezifana neehammer zesandla, iiwrenches kunye neescrewdriver. Umxholo wekhabhoni wentsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni ngokubanzi uphakathi kwe-0.65% kunye ne-1.35%. Emva konyango lobushushu, ubunzima bayo bunokufikelela kwi-HRC60-65. Izixhobo ezenziwe ngale nto zinokugcina ubukhali obuhle ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwaye zifanelekile ukucutshungulwa kakuhle.

Okwesibini, intsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy
Intsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy yenziwe ngesiseko sekhabhoni isixhobo intsimbi ngokongeza izinto ze-alloy (ezifana ne-chromium, i-manganese, i-tungsten, i-vanadium, njl.njl.) ukuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo. Intsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy inobunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokuqina, kwaye ifanelekile kwizixhobo zokwenza ezifuna ukumelana nempembelelo enkulu kunye nokuguguleka, ezifana neetshiseli, iipunchi kunye nezicuthi zokugaya. Ubunzima bentsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy bunokufikelela kwi-HRC60-70, enokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokucubungula ngokuchanekileyo.

Okwesithathu, intsimbi yesixhobo esinesantya esiphezulu
Intsimbi yesixhobo esikhawulezayo luhlobo lwentsimbi yesixhobo esisebenza kakuhle, equlethe izinto ezixutyiweyo ezifana ne-tungsten, i-molybdenum, i-chromium kunye ne-vanadium. Izixhobo ezenziwe ngale nto zinokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika phantsi kweemeko zokusika ezikhawulezayo, ezinobunzima obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu kunye nozinzo oluphezulu lobushushu. Ubunzima bentsimbi yesixhobo esikhawulezayo bunokufikelela kwi-HRC63-70, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ukuvelisa izixhobo zokusika ezifana nezixhobo zokujika, izixhobo zokusika, kunye needrili. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusika ekhawulezayo, intsimbi yesixhobo esikhawulezayo inokugcina ubukhali bomphetho wokusika, inciphise ukuguguleka kwezixhobo kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula.

Okwesine, i-carbide eqinisiweyo
I-alloy eqinileyo yinto eyenziwe ngenkqubo ye-alloy eyenziwe nge-powder metallurgy evela kwiikhompawundi eziqinileyo zeentsimbi ezinganyangekiyo kunye neentsimbi ze-binder. Inobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nobunzima obufikelela kwi-HRA89-93, obuphezulu kakhulu kunobo bentsimbi yesixhobo esiqhelekileyo. I-alloy eqinileyo idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zokusika ezifana nee-drill bits, i-milling cutters kunye nezixhobo zokujika, kwaye ifanelekile ngakumbi ekucubunguleni izixhobo ezinobunzima obuphezulu, njengentsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye ne-cast iron. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka, izixhobo ze-alloy eqinileyo zinobomi obude benkonzo kwaye zinokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

Okwesihlanu, Intsimbi engatyiwayo
Intsimbi engagqwali yintsimbi ye-alloy enokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, equlethe ubuncinane i-10.5% ye-chromium. Izixhobo zentsimbi engagqwali zinokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kwiindawo ezimanzi kwaye zifanelekile kwiindawo ezimanzi ezifana neekhitshi kunye namagumbi okuhlambela. Ukuqina kwentsimbi engagqwali kuhlala kuphakathi kwe-HRC20 kunye ne-30. Nangona ubunzima bayo bungaphakamanga njengobo bentsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kunye nokuqina kwayo kwenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokwenza izixhobo ezifana nee-wrenches, ii-screwdriver kunye ne-pliers. Izixhobo zentsimbi engenasici azintle nje kuphela kodwa zisebenza ixesha elide kwaye azibizi mali ingako yokulungisa.

Isithandathu, i-aluminium alloy
I-aluminium alloy yinto yesinyithi ekhaphukhaphu neyomeleleyo ene-conductivity egqwesileyo yombane kunye nobushushu. Izixhobo ze-aluminium alloy zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iitotshi, iibhokisi zezixhobo, ii-wrenches, njl. Ubunzima be-aluminium alloy buphantsi kakhulu, isinye kwisithathu kuphela kunesentsimbi. Ke ngoko, izixhobo ze-aluminium alloy zilula ngobunzima, kulula ukuzithwala nokuzisebenzisa. Okwangoku, i-aluminium alloy inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kwaye ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifumileyo. Ubunzima bezixhobo ze-aluminium alloy buhlala buphakathi kwe-HB60 kunye ne-100. Nangona ubunzima buphantsi kakhulu, ukuqina kwayo kunye nokukhanya kwayo kuyinika iingenelo ezikhethekileyo kwiimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa.

Eyesixhenxe, iplastiki
Iplastiki yinto elula neyithintela ukugqwala kunye nokuthintela ukugqwala. Izixhobo zeplastiki zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izibambo, izixhobo zokuthintela ukugqwala, njl. Iplastiki inobunzima obuphantsi, ilula, kwaye kulula ukuyiphatha nokuyiphatha. Okwangoku, iplastiki ineempawu ezilungileyo zokuthintela ukugqwala kwaye ifanelekile kulondolozo lombane kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki. Ubunzima bezixhobo zeplastiki buhlala buphakathi kwe-HB20 kunye ne-40. Nangona ubunzima bazo buphantsi, ukuthintela ukugqwala kunye nokukhanya kwazo kubanika iingenelo ezikhethekileyo kwiimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa.

Isibhozo, ii-alloys zobhedu
I-Copper alloy luhlobo lwezinto zesinyithi ezinombane ogqwesileyo kunye nobushushu, kwaye idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zombane, iihamile zekopolo, njl. Ubunzima bee-alloy zekopolo buhlala buphakathi kwe-HB80 kunye ne-120. Nangona ubunzima bayo buphantsi, umbane wayo ogqwesileyo kunye nokuqina kwayo kwenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokwenza izixhobo zombane. Izixhobo ze-Copper alloy zisetyenziswa kakhulu kulondolozo lombane kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki, nto leyo ethintela ngempumelelo umonakalo kwizixhobo ezibangelwa zizixhobo.

Okwesithoba, Isishwankathelo
Ukukhetha izinto zehardware izixhobo inempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwazo nakwixesha lazo lokusebenza. Intsimbi yesixhobo sekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi yesixhobo se-alloy zifanelekile kwizixhobo zokwenza ezifuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Intsimbi yesixhobo esinesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-carbide eqinisiweyo zifanelekile kwizixhobo zokusika ezichanekileyo. Intsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye ne-aluminium alloy, ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nokugqwala kunye nokukhanya kwazo okuhle, zifanelekile kwiindawo ezifumileyo kunye neemeko ezifuna izixhobo eziphathekayo. Iiplastiki kunye ne-alloy zobhedu zifanelekile kwimveliso yezixhobo ezithile ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokuthintela ubushushu kunye nokuqhuba. Xa ukhetha izixhobo zehardware, izinto ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zokusetyenziswa kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nobomi benkonzo yezixhobo.

Kuyathenjwa ukuba umxholo ongentla unokukunceda uqonde ngcono izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu zezixhobo zehardware. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nezixhobo zehardware okanye ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukunxibelelana nathi nangaliphi na ixesha.