Ulwakhiwo lwesixhobo sokusika ibhrashi yepetroli

Ulwakhiwo lweGasoline Lawn Mower: Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sabathengi bamazwe ngamazwe abathengisa ngobuninzi​

Kubathengi abangochwephesha bamazwe ngamazwe kwishishini lezixhobo zokulima nezolimo, ukuqonda ulwakhiwo lwesakhiwo oomatshini bokusika ingca bepetroli ayisosiseko sokukhetha imveliso kuphela kodwa ikwayinto ephambili ekunikezeni inkxaso yobugcisa kubathengi abasezantsi kunye nokuphucula ulawulo lwezinto ezikhoyo. Umatshini wokusika ingca wepetroli osemgangathweni ophezulu ludibaniso olucwangcisiweyo lwezinto ezininzi eziphambili, nganye kuzo echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwemveliso, ukuqina kwayo, kunye namava omsebenzisi. Le bhlog iza kuqhuba uhlalutyo olunzulu lwesakhiwo semishini yokusika ingca yepetroli, ikuncede ufumane umbono wobungcali wokuvavanya ngcono nokukhetha iimveliso ezihlangabezana neemfuno zemarike.​

1. Inkqubo yamandla angundoqo: "Intliziyo" yabachebi bokucheba ingca ngepetroli
Inkqubo yamandla yeyona nto iphambili eqhuba abachebi bengca abasebenzisa ipetroli, nto leyo echaza ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, kunye nobomi benkonzo. Kubathengi abathengisa ngobuninzi, ukuqonda iinkcukacha zenkqubo yamandla kunokukunceda ukwahlula amanqanaba emveliso kwaye uwafanise neendawo ezahlukeneyo zemarike (ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwezindlu, ezorhwebo, okanye kwimizi-mveliso).
1.1 Injini yepetroli: Umthombo wamandla ongundoqo​
Injini yepetroli yomatshini wokugunda ingca idla ngokuba yinjini epholisiweyo ngomoya ene-stroke ezine-cylinder enye (inani elincinci leemveliso ezisezantsi zisebenzisa iinjini ezine-stroke ezimbini, kodwa ziyancitshiswa kancinci kancinci ngenxa yokukhutshwa okuphezulu komoya kunye nengxolo). Izinto eziphambili zayo ziquka:
Ibloko yesilinda kunye nePiston: Yenziwe nge-alloy ye-aluminium enamandla aphezulu, inamandla okucoca ubushushu kwaye iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokusebenza ixesha elide komthwalo ophezulu (ububanzi besilinda obuqhelekileyo buqala kwi-50mm ukuya kwi-75mm, kwaye ukufuduka kuhlala kuphakathi kwe-140cc kunye ne-220cc). Kwizixhobo zokusika utshani ezikumgangatho wezorhwebo, ibloko yesilinda idla ngokuphathwa ngetekhnoloji ye-nickel-plating ukuphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka.​
I-Carburetor: Inoxanduva lokuxuba ipetroli nomoya ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo (umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo yi-14.7:1 yokutsha ngokupheleleyo). Ii-mower zengca ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zixhotyiswe ngee-carburetors zohlobo lokudada ezinezakhiwo ezichasene nokungcangcazela, ezinokuphepha ukuvuza kwepetroli okubangelwa kukungcangcazela kwezixhobo ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye ziqinisekise ukuphuma kwamandla okuzinzileyo.​
Inkqubo Yokutsha: Iquka ikakhulu ikhoyili yokutsha kunye neplagi yespark. Ikhoyili yokutsha iguqula umbane webhetri ophantsi ube ngumbane we-voltage ephezulu (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20,000V), ovelisa i-spark yombane ngeplagi yespark ukuze kutshayelwe umxube wepetroli. Kubathengi abathengisa ngobuninzi, kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela ukuba iplagi yespark isebenzisa uphawu olwaziwayo (njenge-NGK okanye iBosch), njengoko oku kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsha kunye nokusebenza kwenjini.​
Isihluzo soMoya: Sithintela uthuli kunye nenkunkuma ukuba ingangeni enjinini ize ibangele ukuguguleka. Abachebi bomhlaba abasebenzisa iindlela zorhwebo badla ngokusebenzisa izihluzo zomoya ezineeleya ezimbini (isihluzo sephepha kunye nesihluzo sefoam), ezinokusebenza kakuhle kokucoca okungaphezulu kwe-99% kwaye zinokuziqhelanisa neendawo zokusebenza ezinzima (ezifana neengca ezomileyo nezinothuli).
1.2 Inkqubo yeFuel: Ukuqinisekisa ukuNikwa kweFuel okuZinzileyo​
Inkqubo yepetroli iquka itanki yepetroli, umbhobho wepetroli, kunye nesihluzi sepetroli, kwaye uyilo lwayo lugxile kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli:
Itanki yepetroli: Umthamo wayo uhlala phakathi kwe-1.5L kunye ne-3.5L. Iimveliso ezikumgangatho wezorhwebo ziya kusebenzisa izixhobo ze-polyethylene enobunzima obuphezulu (i-HDPE) ukuthintela ukuvuza kwepetroli kunye nokugqwala. Kwangaxeshanye, itanki yepetroli ixhotyiswe ngefestile yenqanaba leoyile ebonakalayo, elungele abasebenzisi ukujonga ubungakanani bepetroli nangaliphi na ixesha.
Isihluzi seFuel: Sifakwe kwindawo yokungena yombhobho wefuel, sihluza ukungcola kwifuel (njengesediment kunye nerust) ukuze singavali i-carburetor. Izihluzi zefuel ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zisebenzisa i-mesh yentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye izinto zesihluzi se-nylon, ezihlala ixesha elide kwaye zinokucocwa kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona.

2. Inkqubo Yokusika: "I-Sharp Blade" Yokusika Ingca Esebenzayo
Inkqubo yokusika imisela ngokuthe ngqo isiphumo sokusika (njengokucheba ingca ngokuthe tyaba kunye nokuphakama kweengca) kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza ekhathalelwa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi bokugqibela. Kubathengi abathengisa ngobuninzi, ukuqonda umahluko kwiinkqubo zokusika kunokukunceda ucebise iimveliso ezihlangabezana neemfuno zemimandla eyahlukeneyo (ezifana neengca ezineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zengca kunye nobude).
2.1 Idekhi Yokusika: "Umphathi" weNkqubo Yokusika​
Idekhi yokusika liqokobhe eligubungela iblade yokusika, kwaye izinto zayo, imilo, kunye nobukhulu bazo zonke zichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kunye nokuqina:
Izinto ezisetyenziswayo: Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ziquka iipleyiti zentsimbi ezigoqwe ngobushushu (ubude obuyi-1.5mm-2.5mm) kunye ne-aluminium alloy (ubude obuyi-3mm-4mm). Iidekhi zentsimbi zinamandla aphezulu kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo (njengokusika ingca kwindawo enkulu), kodwa zifuna unyango lokulwa nomhlwa (njengokutshiza nge-electrostatic okanye i-galvanizing); iidekhi ze-aluminium alloy zikhaphukhaphu kwaye azinamhlwa, kwaye zithandwa kakhulu kwiimarike zokuhlala (ingakumbi kwiindawo ezimanzi zonxweme).
Imilo kunye nobukhulu: Idekhi yokusika idla ngokuyilwa ngendlela yedome, enokunciphisa ukumelana nomoya ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye ithintele ukunqunyulwa kwengca ukuba kungaqokeleli. Ububanzi bokusika buqala kwi-46cm (umgangatho wendawo yokuhlala) ukuya kwi-76cm (umgangatho wezorhwebo). Umzekelo, idekhi yokusika engama-53cm ingasika indawo emalunga ne-1,500 square metres ngeyure, efanelekileyo kwiingca ezincinci neziphakathi; idekhi yokusika engama-76cm ifanelekile kwiingca ezinkulu ezifana neenkundla zegalufa kunye neepaki.
Indlela Yokukhupha Ingca: Idekhi yokusika yenzelwe iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha ingca ngokweemfuno zomsebenzisi:
Ukukhupha Inkunkuma Ecaleni: Ifanelekile ukucheba ingca ekhule kakhulu (ubude bayo bungaphezulu kwe-15cm), kwaye iziqwenga zengca zikhutshwa ecaleni kwedekhi, nto leyo engelula ukuyivala.
Ingqokelela Yangasemva: Ixhotyiswe ngengxowa yokuqokelela ingca (umthamo wayo yi-50L-80L), efanelekileyo kubasebenzisi abafuna ukucoca iindawo ezisikiweyo zengca (ezifana nengca yokuhlala kunye neendawo ezintle).
Ukugquma: Indawo yokusika ixhotyiswe nge-blade yokugquma kunye ne-baffle, etyumza ingca enqunqiweyo ibe ngamasuntswana amancinci ize ibuyisele emhlabeni njengesichumisi. Le ndlela inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika.
2.2 I-Blade Yokusika: "Isixhobo Esiphambili" Sokusika Ingca​
Incakuba yokusika yeyona nto iphambili edibana ngqo nengca, kwaye izinto zayo, imilo, kunye nenani lazo zimisela isiphumo sokusika:
Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo: Iiblayidi zokusika ezisemgangathweni ophezulu zenziwe ngentsimbi yesipringi eyi-65Mn okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo eyi-420. Intsimbi yesipringi eyi-65Mn inobunzima obuphezulu (HRC 45-50) kwaye iqinile kakuhle, enokumelana neempembelelo zamatye kunye namasebe ngexesha lokucheba; intsimbi engatyiwayo eyi-420 inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kwaye ifanelekile kwiindawo zokusebenza ezinomswakama.​
Imo: Iimilo eziqhelekileyo zeblade ziquka iiblade ezithe tye kunye neeblade ezigobileyo:
Iiblade Ezithe Tye: Zilungele ukucheba ingca emfutshane (ukuphakama kweengcezu ngaphantsi kwe-10cm) kwaye zinomphezulu othe tyaba.
Iiblade Ezigobileyo: Ezikwaziwa ngokuba "ziiblade ze-mulching", zinoyilo olujikelezayo olunokuvelisa umoya onamandla wokutyumza iziqwenga zengca zibe ngamasuntswana amancinci, nto leyo efanelekileyo kwimisebenzi ye-mulching.
Inani leeBlade: Uyilo lweblade enye luqhelekile kwiimowudi zokusika utshani ezikumgangatho wezindlu (ububanzi bokusika bungaphantsi kwe-50cm), ngelixa uyilo lweblade ezimbini okanye ezintathu zisetyenziswa kwiimowudi zokusika utshani ezikumgangatho wezorhwebo (ububanzi bokusika bungaphezulu kwe-53cm). Iiblade ezininzi zinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kwaye zenze ingca ibe yingca efanayo ngakumbi.​

3. Inkqubo yoThutho kunye nokuhamba: Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo​
Inkqubo yokudlulisa kunye nokuhamba ngeenyawo inoxanduva lokudlulisa amandla enjini kumavili (okanye kwindlela yokuhamba) ukuze kufezekiswe intshukumo yomatshini wokusika ingca. Kubathengi abathengisa ngobuninzi, uhlobo lwenkqubo yokudlulisa luchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lemveliso kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwayo.
3.1 Inkqubo yoThumelo: Undoqo woThumelo lwaMandla​
Iinkqubo zothumelo eziqhelekileyo zezixhobo zokusika ingca zepetroli ziquka uthumelo oluqhutywa ngesandla kunye nothumelo oluzenzekelayo:
Uthumelo Lwesandla: Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi "gear transmission", ixhotyiswe ngeegiya ezi-2-3 eziya phambili kunye negiya e-1 ebuyela umva. Umsebenzisi kufuneka atshintshe iigiya ngesandla ukuze alungise isantya sokuhamba. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo yothumelo lunesakhiwo esilula kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokulungisa, kwaye lufanelekile kwiimower zengca zasekhaya (uluhlu lwamaxabiso: 200−400).​
Uthumelo Oluzenzekelayo: Kubandakanya uthumelo lwe-hydrostatic kunye nothumelo lwebhanti oluguquguqukayo:
Uthumelo olusebenzisa i-Hydrostatic: Lusebenzisa ioyile ye-hydraulic ukuhambisa amandla, kwaye umsebenzisi unokulungisa isantya sokuhamba ngokutyhala i-lever yokulawula isantya (utshintsho lwesantya olungenazinyathelo). Olu hlobo lwenkqubo yothumelo lusebenza kakuhle kwaye lusebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekuthuthweni, kwaye lufanelekile kwiimowudi zokusika ingca ezikumgangatho ophezulu zorhwebo (uluhlu lwamaxabiso: 800−1,500). Lunokuziqhelanisa nokusebenza komthwalo omninzi ixesha elide kwaye lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokusika ingca kwindawo enkulu.​
Uthumelo lweBelt yesantya esiguquguqukayo: Isebenzisa ibhanti yesantya esiguquguqukayo ukulungisa umlinganiselo wothumelo, kwaye uhlengahlengiso lwesantya luguquguquka ngakumbi kunothumelo lwesandla. Sisisombululo sothumelo esiphakathi, esifanelekileyo kwiimowudi zokusika ingca ezithengiswa kancinci (uluhlu lwamaxabiso: 400−700).​
3.2 Inkqubo Yokuhamba: Inkxaso Yokuhamba​
Inkqubo yokuhamba iquka amavili, ii-axles, kunye nezakhiwo zokumiswa (kwiimveliso eziphezulu):
Amavili: Amavili angaphambili adla ngokuba mancinci (ububanzi obuyi-15cm-20cm) ukuze alawuleke lula, kwaye amavili angasemva makhulu (ububanzi obuyi-25cm-35cm) ukuze anike amandla okubamba. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwivili zerabha eneepateni ezingatyibilikiyo, ezinokuphucula ukubamba kweengca ezimanzi okanye ezithambekileyo. Kwizixhobo zokusika ingca ezikumgangatho ophezulu, amavili angasemva axhotyiswe ngamatayara anobuhlobo nodaka (aneepateni ezingaphantsi) ukuze angawonakalisi umphezulu wengca.
I-Axle: I-axle engaphambili idla ngokuba yi-axle yentsimbi eqinileyo (yokuqhuba), kwaye i-axle engasemva yi-axle yokuqhuba (eqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo yokudlulisa). Ii-axle ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziphathwa ngokucinywa kunye nokufuthwa ukuze kuphuculwe amandla azo okuthwala umthwalo (umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo wee-axle zexabiso lorhwebo ungafikelela kwi-150kg).​
Ulwakhiwo Lokumiswa: Ziimowudi zokusika ingca ezikumgangatho ophezulu kuphela ezixhotyiswe nge-suspension yangaphambili (ezisebenzisa izipringi okanye ii-shock absorbers), ezinokunciphisa ukungcangcazela kwedekhi yokusika ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba umphezulu wokusika ingca uthambile (ingakumbi kwiingca ezingalinganiyo).

4. Inkqubo yoLawulo noKhuseleko: Ukuqinisekisa uKhuseleko lokusebenza koMsebenzisi
Inkqubo yolawulo nokhuseleko yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezixhobo zokusika ingca zepetroli, ezingagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzisi uyasebenza lula kodwa zikwathintela iingozi zokhuseleko (ezifana nokuqalisa ngengozi kunye nokwenzakala kweebhleyidi). Kubathengi abathengisa ngobuninzi, ukuphelela kwenkqubo yokhuseleko yinto ebalulekileyo ekuthobeleni imigangatho yesatifikethi yamazwe ngamazwe (efana ne-CE, i-EPA, kunye ne-CARB).
4.1 Inkqubo yoLawulo: Ujongano loMsebenzisi​
Inkqubo yolawulo igxile kakhulu kwisibambo, kuquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:
Ulawulo Lokuqalisa Injini: Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeendlela zokuqalisa: ukuqala kwakhona kunye nokuqalisa ngombane:
Ukuqalisa Ukubuyela Umva: Umsebenzisi utsala intambo yokubuyela umva ukuze aqhube injini ukuze iqalise. Le ndlela inesakhiwo esilula kodwa ifuna amandla athile, kwaye ifanelekile kwiinjini ezincinci ezifudukayo (ezingaphantsi kwe-160cc).​
Ukuqalisa ngombane: Umsebenzisi ucinezela iqhosha lokuqalisa ukuze aqalise injini ngebhetri (ibhetri ye-lead-acid ye-12V). Le ndlela ilula kwaye iyakhawuleza, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinjini zokusika ingca ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neenjini ezinkulu ezifudukayo (ngaphezulu kwe-180cc).
I-Speed ​​Control Lever: Isetyenziselwa ukulungisa isantya senjini (isantya esingasebenziyo kunye nesantya sokusebenza). Isantya esingasebenziyo sidla ngokuba yi-1,500-2,000 rpm (yokufudumeza injini), kwaye isantya sokusebenza si-3,000-3,600 rpm (yokucheba).
Isixhobo Sokulawula Ukuhamba: Kwizixhobo zokusika ingca ezitshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo, isantya sokuhamba silungiswa ngokutyhala i-lever (isantya sokuya phambili: 0.8-6 km/h, isantya sokubuyela umva: 0.5-3 km/h). Kwizixhobo zokusika ingca ezitshintsha ngesandla, igiya itshintshwa yi-lever yegiya.
4.2 Inkqubo yoKhuseleko: Isiqinisekiso soThintelo lweeNgozi​
Inkqubo yokhuseleko yezixhobo zokusika ingca zepetroli kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye izinto eziphambili ziquka:
I-Blade Safety Clutch: Xa umsebenzisi ekhulula isiphatho (okanye ecinezela iqhosha lokumisa ngokukhawuleza), i-clutch iyanqanyulwa ngoko nangoko, kwaye i-blade iyayeka ukujikeleza kwimizuzwana emi-3 ukuthintela ukwenzakala ngengozi.
Iswitshi yoKhuseleko lweNjini: Ekwaziwa ngokuba yi "switshi yomntu ofileyo", ukuba umsebenzisi ushiya indawo yokusebenza, iswitshi iya kuzicima ngokuzenzekelayo amandla enjini ukuze iyeke injini.
Ivalvu yoKhuseleko lweTanki yeFuel: Ithintela ukuvuza kwepetroli xa umatshini wokusika ingca uthambekile (njengokucoca idekhi yokusika okanye ukuhambisa izixhobo).
Isigqubuthelo Esikhuselayo: Idekhi yokusika ixhotyiswe ngesigqubuthelo esikhuselayo sesinyithi ukuthintela ukunqunyulwa kwengca kunye nenkunkuma ukuba ingatshizi kwaye yonakalise umsebenzisi.

5. Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe kuYilo lweZakhiwo kubathengi abathengisa ngobuninzi​
Xa ukhetha oomatshini bokusika ingca bepetroli abathengiswa ngobuninzi, ukongeza ekuqondeni ulwakhiwo lwento nganye, kufuneka uqwalasele ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo zoyilo lwesakhiwo ukuze uhlangabezane neemfuno zeemarike ezahlukeneyo:
Ubunzima kunye Nokuthwaleka: Iimowuda zengca ezisemgangathweni wendawo yokuhlala kufuneka zibe lula (ubunzima obungaphantsi kwama-35kg) ukuze kube lula ukuzihambisa nokuzigcina; iimowuda zengca ezikumgangatho wezorhwebo zinokuba nzima (ubunzima obungama-45kg-80kg) kodwa kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngesiphatho ukuze kube lula ukuziphakamisa.​
Ukulungiswa okulula: Indawo yokusika kufuneka ibe lula ukuyiqhaqha (ngeebholithi ezikhulula ngokukhawuleza) zokucoca iblade nokutshintsha isihluzi somoya; indawo yokuzalisa ioyile yenjini kunye nendawo yokukhutshelwa kweoyile kufuneka ziyilwe kwindawo efanelekileyo ukuze kube lula ukutshintsha ioyile.
Ukuziqhelanisa neNdawo eziPhakathi: Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (ezifana neeNtaba zeAndes kunye neeHimalaya), injini kufuneka ixhotyiswe nge-carburetor ephezulu (ukulungisa umlinganiselo wefutha-moya ukuze uvumelane noxinzelelo lomoya oluphantsi); kwiindawo ezifumileyo (ezifana noMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia kunye noMzantsi Melika), idekhi yokusika kunye nefreyimu kufuneka ziphathwe nge-anti-rust (ezifana ne-hot-dip galvanizing okanye i-powder coating).
Ukuthobela iziqinisekiso zamazwe ngamazwe: Imveliso kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho yokukhupha umoya kwimarike ekujoliswe kuyo (njenge-EPA Tier 4 eMelika, i-EU Stage V eYurophu, kunye ne-China's National IV standard) kunye neziqinisekiso zokhuseleko (ezifana ne-CE, i-GS, kunye ne-UL). Uyilo lwesakhiwo kufuneka luhlangabezane neemfuno zezi ziqinisekiso (ezifana nokuphakama kwesigqubuthelo sokukhusela kunye nobuthathaka beswitshi yokhuseleko).

Isiphelo​
Ulwakhiwo lwe umshini wokusika ingca wepetroli ludibaniso olucwangcisiweyo lwamandla, ukusika, ukuhambisa, kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko. Uyilo kunye nomgangatho wecandelo ngalinye kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwemveliso, ukuqina kwayo, kunye namava omsebenzisi. Kubathengi abangochwephesha bamazwe ngamazwe, ukuqonda okunzulu iinkcukacha zesakhiwo kunokukunceda:
Beka ngokuchanekileyo iimveliso (zeendawo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, okanye zemizi-mveliso) ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zamacandelo ahlukeneyo emarike.
Ukubonelela ngenkxaso yobuchwephesha yobungcali kubathengi abasezantsi komlambo (njengokuchaza iindlela zokugcina inkqubo yokudlulisa kunye nomjikelo wokutshintshwa kweblade yokusika).
Lungiselela ulawulo lwempahla (njengokwandisa isitokhwe sezinto ezigugileyo ezifana neeblade kunye nezihluzi zomoya).