Sisitemu y'ingufu z'icyuma gikata uburoso

Sisitemu z'amashanyarazi z'imashini zikata ubwatsi zigizwe ahanini na moteri za mazutu, Moteri ya lisansis, moteri za lisansi na moteri z'amashanyarazi. Birumvikana ko hari n'uburyo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi hakoreshejwe intoki nta mashanyarazi cyangwa peteroli.

a. Moteri ya lisansi/moteri ya mazutu
Imashini zikata ubwatsi nini cyangwa zikomeye cyane zizakoresha moteri za mazutu cyangwa lisansi nk'izikoreshwa mu modoka nto kugira ngo zitange umuvuduko muremure wo gukata ubwatsi, zigahaza ibyo akazi ko gukata ubwatsi kakenera mu buryo bunini.

Ubwo bwoko bw'imashini yo guca ubwatsi bufite urusaku rwinshi, umubiri munini, kandi busohora imyuka mibi mu gihe ikoreshwa.

Uburyo bwo gukora burimo ubwoko bwo kugenderaho n'ubwoko bwo gusunika intoki.

Ubwoko bw'urugendo
Ubwo bwoko bw'icyuma gikata ibyatsi bumeze nka traktori nto. Umukoresha aba yicaye mu cyuma gikata ibyatsi maze akagenzura inzira yacyo inyura mu cyuma gitemberamo. Kubera urusaku rwinshi rwa moteri, ikuraho ibyatsi bibi ahantu hanini.

Dukurikije ubwoko n'aho moteri cyangwa uruziga rw'imodoka biherereye, bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: imashini zikata ubwatsi zishyirwa imbere, imashini zikata ubwatsi zishyirwa inyuma n'imashini zikata ubwatsi zitagira iminota myinshi ku murambararo.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya moteri zishyirwa imbere n'izishyirwa inyuma ni uko moteri iba iri imbere cyangwa inyuma y'intebe.

Imashini ikata ubwatsi idafite icyuho itandukanye n’izindi ebyiri mu miterere y’icyuma gikurura kiri ku ivi ku ruhande rw’imbere rw’intebe yayo. Iyi mashini ikata ubwatsi ishobora kugenzura uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu mu ruziga rw’inyuma, bigatuma icyuma gikata ubwatsi kigira ubushobozi bworoshye bwo kugenda, nko kugenda imbere no guhindukira cyane, no kuba hafi y’inkombe kurusha izindi mashini ebyiri.

Ubwoko bwo gusunikwa n'intoki
Moteri, icyuma gikata ubwatsi n'ibindi bice by'ubu bwoko bw'icyuma gikata ubwatsi bishyirwa muri kimwe, hanyuma bigahuzwa n'icyuma gisunika n'umukingo.

Nyuma yo gutangiza moteri ya lisansi, umukoresha asunika icyuma gikata ibyatsi aho bikenewe gukata ibyatsi. Hari imiterere imwe n'imwe ituma icyuma gikata ibyatsi kigenda imbere mu buryo bwikora nta mpamvu yo kugisunika n'intoki.

Urusaku rwa moteri n'imyuka isohora umwuka bizareba umukoresha. Nubwo ifite imbaraga nyinshi, buhoro buhoro irimo gusimburwa n'imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi mu rugo.

b. Imashini ikata ubwatsi ikoresheje amashanyarazi
Imashini zo kogosha ibyatsi zikoresha amashanyarazi ni zo zikoreshwa cyane n'imashini zo kogosha ibyatsi zo mu ngo muri iki gihe.

Iyo ikora, iba ituje kurusha imashini zikoresha lisansi, ntisohora imyuka mibi ihumanya ikirere, kandi uburemere bwayo n'ingano yayo biragabanuka. imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi zo guca ubwatsi nabyo byakozwe nk'ibinyabiziga byigenga, bivuze ko imashini yogosha ubwatsi ishobora kwimuka ubwayo idakeneye gusunikwa n'intoki.

Ariko, ku bijyanye n'ingufu, ishobora kuba idakomeye nk'iya moteri ya lisansi. Ku rundi ruhande, igengwa n'uburebure bw'umugozi w'amashanyarazi cyangwa ubushobozi bwa bateri, ibyo bigatuma habaho imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu gikorwa kimwe.

Imashini zo kogosha ubwatsi zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: insinga n'insinga.

Uruganda rwo guca ubusitani rufite insinga
Nyuma y'uko umugozi w'amashanyarazi wo hanze wa moteri uhujwe n'isoko ry'amashanyarazi riri mu gikari, umukoresha ashobora gusunika icyuma gikata ibyatsi ahantu hose hashobora kugera umugozi w'amashanyarazi. Hariho kandi umugozi wongera ingufu ushobora gutanga ahantu hanini ho gukorera.

Icyitonderwa ni uko umutekano w'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha ari ingenzi. Cyane cyane iyo hakoreshejwe umugozi wongera ingufu, wirinde ko habaho gucika kw'amazi ku murongo. Byongeye kandi, nyuma ya buri gikorwa, umugozi w'amashanyarazi ugomba kugororwa kugira ngo wirinde ingorane zo kuziba insinga iyo wongeye gukoreshwa.

Imashini yo guca ubwatsi idakoresha insinga
Ikoresheje bateri zibasha kongera gukoreshwa nk'isoko y'amashanyarazi, imashini ikata ubwatsi ntabwo igifite imipaka y'amashanyarazi, bigatuma ikora neza kandi ikagira ubwisanzure. Muri icyo gihe, urusaku rurushaho kugabanuka.

Iyo ikoreshwa, uretse kubungabunga ubukana bw'inkoni z'icyuma gikata ubwatsi, ni ngombwa kandi kwita ku buzima bwa batiri kugira ngo ikoreshwe igihe kirekire kandi byoroshye.

c. Imashini yo guca ubusitani ikoresha intoki
Iyi ni yo shusho yoroshye cyane y'icyuma gikata ubwatsi. Gisunikwa imbere n'amaboko kandi ibyuma bizunguruka. Ntigikumirwa n'isoko ry'ingufu iyo ari yo yose, ni icyuma cyoroheje, cyoroshye gukoresha, kandi cyoroshye kubika kitafashe umwanya munini.

Ariko, imbaraga zisanzwe zizaba nke cyane, bityo bikaba bikwiye gukoreshwa mu gusana imirima mito ya buri munsi cyangwa mu gusana imirima y'ubusitani mu gihe gito nyuma yo gukatwa n'icyuma gikata ubusitani gifite imbaraga nyinshi.