He Aratohu Whakahaere Haumaru mō ngā Mīhini Taka Rākau

Hei taputapu taumaha i roto i ngā mahi ngahere me te miihini, he nui ngā mōrearea mahi nā te kaha o te tapahi me te whakahaere o te mīhini rakau. E ai ki ngā tatauranga ahumahi, neke atu i te 35% o ngā aituā ngahere katoa e pā ana ki ngā mīhini rakau i puta mai i te mahi hē. Ko ngā hua mai i te kino iti o ngā taputapu ki ngā mate kino. Ko te piri ki ngā tikanga haumaru mahi pūtaiao te mea matua hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea me te whakarite i te haumaru o ngā mahi. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā kaupapa matua o te whakahaere haumaru o ngā mīhini rakau mai i ngā taha e toru: te whakarite i mua i te mahi, ngā tikanga i roto i te mahi, me te whakahaere ohorere.

I mua i te whakamahinga: Te tirotiro taputapu me te aromatawai taiao
Arotakenga taputapu whānui
I mua i te tīmatanga o te mīhini rākau, me whakahaere he tirotiro pūnaha hei whakakore i ngā tūponotanga kino. Kia arotahi ki te tirotiro i ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei:
Pūnaha hiko: Tirohia te taumata hinu miihini, te nui o te wahie me te taumata whakamatao kia kore ai he turuturu. I muri i te tīmatanga o te miihini, whakarongo ki te tangi o te oma, me te mea kei roto i te awhe noa ngā tohu katoa i runga i te papa taputapu (te pāmahana wai, te pēhanga hinu) (te pāmahana wai 60-90℃, te pēhanga hinu 2.5-4bar).
Pūrere mahi:Tirohia te taumahatanga o te Mekameka Kani (he nui hei kukume i te mekameka 1-2cm), me te mea kua pakaru, kua ngatata rānei ngā niho kani. Tirohia mēnā kua tawhito, kua pakaru rānei ngā paipa pūnaha waipēhi, ā, mēnā kua tutuki te taumata hinu waipēhi i te paerewa. I muri i te tīmatanga, whakamātauria mēnā he maeneene te toronga me te hurihanga o te ringa mīhini, kāore he aukati, he haruru rerekē rānei.
Ngā taputapu haumaru: Kia mōhio kei te ora tonu te kupenga tiaki o te kāpata (matotoru ≥3mm) me te anga ārai-hurihuri (kaha pānga ≥30kJ) ā, kāore he pakaru. Tirohia mēnā he pakari te whitiki o te whitiki nohoanga (whānui ≥50mm) ā, ka taea te toro me te hoki noa. Mēnā he tairongo te pātene aukati ohorere, ā, ka taea te tapahi tonu i te putanga hiko i muri i te pēhitanga.

Aromatawai i te taiao mahi
Ko te uaua o te taiao o te papa mahi he mea nui e pā ana ki ngā aituā. Me whakaoti ēnei aromatawai i mua i te whakamahinga:
Te rangahau o te pae: Tangohia ngā arai (pērā i ngā kōhatu me ngā tumu rākau) i roto i te wāhi mahi, tohua ngā tūranga o ngā paipa raro whenua (ngā taura, ngā paipa wai), ā, kia kore he arai i roto i te whānuitanga o te nekehanga o te ringa karetao. I ngā wāhi he nui ake i te 25° te pari, me whakatakoto he WHĀRIKI ārai-paheke, me whakamahi rānei i ngā mīhini rakau momo ngokingoki hei ārai i te hurihanga o ngā taputapu.
Te haumaru o te taiao: Whakatūria he wāhi whakatūpato mahi (te whānui ≥15 mita), whakatūria he tohu whakatūpato (ngā koeko whakaata, ngā rārangi whakatūpato), ā, āraia rawatia ngā kaimahi kāore i whakamanahia kia tomo mai. Mena kei te taha o te rori te mahi, me whakarite he tangata motuhake hei ārahi i ngā waka me te karo i te pokanoa mai i ngā waka e haere ana.
Ngā āhuatanga o te rangi: Kāore e whakaaetia ngā mahi ina he kino te rangi pērā i te ua nui, te hau kaha (te tere o te hau ≥10m/s), te kohu matotoru (te tirohanga

I te wā o te mahi: Ngā tikanga whakahaere me te aukati me te whakahaere mōrearea
Ngā aratohu whakahaere taketake
I te wā e whakahaerehia ana te mīhini tapahi rakau, me tino whai i ngā āhuatanga miihini me ngā mātāpono ergonomic kia kore ai e mahi kino.
Te tīmatanga me te whakaweto: I mua i te tīmatanga, kia tino hoki whakamuri te ringa karetao (kia kaua e neke atu i te 30° te koki ki te tinana o te mīhini), ā, kia matara atu te kani mekameka i te whenua me ētahi atu mea. Ina whakamutua te mīhini, whakatakotoria te ringa miihini ki runga i te whenua, whakawetohia te mana o te taputapu mahi, kātahi ka whakawetohia te mīhini, ā, hei whakamutunga, whakakahangia te pēki tū.
Te mahi tapahi: I te wā e pupuri ana i ngā rākau, me whakapiri tuatahi te take ki te ringa mīhini (me whakahaere te kaha kume ki te 1.2 ngā wā o te whānui o te take kia kore ai e pakaru te take nā te tino piri), ā, me whakarite te tere o te kani mekameka kia rite ki te whānui o te take (whakamahia te tere waenga mō ngā whānui iti iho i te 30cm, me te tere teitei mō ngā whānui neke atu i te 50cm). Me rite te ahunga tapahi ki te ahunga e piko ana te take. Me waiho kia 3 mita te iti rawa o te wāhi piko haumaru. Kāore e whakaaetia kia anga tika atu ki ngā whare, ki ngā taura, ki ētahi atu rākau rānei.
Mana whakahaere kawenga: I te wā e hapai ana i te rakau kua tapahia, kaua te kawenga kotahi e neke ake i te kaha kawenga kua whakatauhia o te taputapu (e tohuhia ana i te tatau taha o te kāpata), ā, kaua te roa o te rakau e neke ake i te 80% o te radius toronga mōrahi o te ringa karetao. I te wā e hiki ana i te rakau, kia mau te pokapū o te taumaha ki roto i te mata tautoko o ngā ara/pōtae o te taputapu kia kore ai e takahuri i te nui rawa o te kawenga i tetahi taha.

Te karo i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea nui
Mō ngā āhuatanga motuhake e pāngia ana e ngā aituā, me mahi ngā mahi tiaki kua whakaritea:
Te whakatau i ngā rākau piko: Mō ngā rākau he koki piko neke atu i te 15°, tuatahi keria he awaawa mimiti-oho ki raro i te pūtake (kia matara atu i te ahunga piko), me te hohonutanga o te 1/3 o te whānui o te pūtake. Kātahi ka tōia mārire ki te ringa mīhini, ka tapahia ki te kani mekameka. Kaua e tapahia tika te pūtake kia kore ai e piko ohorere te rākau.
Ngā mahi whakahaere: Ina tapahia ngā manga i ngā teitei, kaua te koki teitei mōrahi o te ringa karetao e neke ake i te 70°. Me here e ngā kaiwhakahaere ō rātou whitiki haumaru, me te tirotiro hoki i ngā āhuatanga o te teitei mā roto i ngā kāmera āwhina hei ārai i te kani mekameka kei pā ki ngā taura (ina koa ko ngā raina ngaohiko teitei, me te tawhiti haumaru ≥10 mita).
Mahi tahi: Ina mahi tahi te tini o te tangata, me whakatū he pūnaha tohu mārama (ngā tohu, ngā waea kōrero), ā, me pupuri e te kaiwhakahaere ringa karetao te tawhiti neke atu i te 3 mita mai i te kaiārahi whenua. Kāore e whakaaetia ngā kaimahi whenua ki te tū i roto i te radius hurihuri o te ringa karetao, i runga rānei i ngā ara ka hinga pea ngā rākau.

I muri i te mahi: Te tiaki taputapu me te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga ohorere
Ngā Whakatakotoranga Tiaki Taputapu
Mā te tiaki tika i muri i te otinga o te mahi ka roa ake te ora o te taputapu me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea o tōna whakamahinga e whai ake nei.
Te horoi me te tirotiro: Tangohia ngā kongakonga rakau me te kapia mai i te kani mekameka, ka pania he hinu ārai-waikura. Horoia te paru i te mata o te taputapu, tirohia mēnā he wetekina ngā hononga paipa waipēhi. Ringihia te wai mai i te tāke wahie (mēnā he nui ake te haumākū o te taiao i te 80%), ka tāpirihia he whakaū wahie.
Te tiaki i ngā wāhanga: Whakahinuhinuhia ngā peera o ia hononga o te ringa karetao ia wiki (mā te whakamahi i te hinu lithium), whakakapia te wae tātari hinu waipēhi ia marama, ā, tirohia te pakaru o te mekameka kani ia toru marama (whakakapia mēnā he nui ake te pakaru o te niho kani i te 2mm).
Ngā whakaritenga rokiroki: Whakatūria te mīhini rākau ki runga i te whenua papatahi, mārō hoki, whakahokia rawatia te ringa mīhini, ka tukua te kani mekameka ki raro. Ina rongoatia ki waho, me hipoki ki te kakahu ārai ua, me kati ngā tatau me ngā matapihi o te kāpini o te taraiwa, me tango te kī, ā, me pupuri tika.

Te tukanga urupare ohorere
Mā te urupare tika i ngā āhuatanga ohorere ka taea te whakaiti i ngā mate i puta mai i ngā aituā ki te taumata teitei rawa atu.
Te rahunga o ngā taputapu: Mēnā ka mau te ringa mīhini, ka whati te kani mekameka, ka pēhi tonu i te pātene mutu ohorere hei momotu i te hiko. Kāore e whakaaetia kia piki ki te mahi tiaki i te wā e whakamahia ana te taputapu. Taria kia mutu rawa te mīhini i mua i te tirotiro mēnā he hapa.
Whara ki ngā kaimahi: Mēnā ka mau te waewae, ka pēhia, ka whara rānei, kati tonu te mīhini ka waea atu ki te nama āwhina (pēnei i te 120). I taua wā anō, me mahi ngā mahi āwhina tuatahi pēnei i te whakamutu i te toto (herea he tourniquet ki te ngākau o te patunga, ka tukuna mō te 1 meneti i ia 30 meneti) me te whakaū i te wāhi whati (whakamau ki te papa rakau me te takai) kia kore ai e nekehia te tangata whara, kia kore ai hoki e whara tuarua.
Aituā ahi: Mēnā ka puta he ahi nā te turuturu wahie, me tere tonu ki tētahi wāhi haumaru, ā, whakamahia te tinei ahi paura maroke (rahinga ≥4kg) i whakaratohia me ngā taputapu hei tinei i te ahi. Kaua e whakamahia te wai hei tinei i ngā ahi hiko. Ina kore e taea te whakahaere i te ahi, whakarērea ngā taputapu, ka neke atu i te wāhi, kātahi ka waea atu ki te nama whakaoho ahi.

Ngā tohu mātauranga me ngā whakaritenga whakangungu mō ngā kaimahi
Ko te kaiwhakahaere o te mīhini tārai rakau Me whai tohu ngaio: me pupuri he tiwhikete whakahaere taputapu motuhake (Akomanga N2) ā, me whiwhi i ngā aromatawai whakahaere ariā me ngā aromatawai mahi. Me whai wāhi atu ki te whakangungu haumaru i te iti rawa i te 24 hāora ia tau kia mōhio ai ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā tikanga whakahaere ohorere o ngā tauira rerekē o ngā mīhini rakau. Me whakaoti e ngā kaimahi hou te iti rawa i te 50 hāora o te mahi i te mahi i raro i te arataki a ngā kaiwhakahaere mohio. Kia whiwhi i te aromatawai ka taea e rātou te mahi takitahi.
Ko te kaupapa matua o te whakahaere haumaru o te mīhini rākau ko te "ārai i te tuatahi me te whakahaere paerewa". Mai i te tirotiro taputapu ki te aromatawai taiao, mai i ngā tikanga whakahaere ki te urupare ohorere, ko te whakahaere tupato o ia taipitopito o ia hononga he parenga pakari ki ngā mōrearea. Me noho mataara tonu ngā kaiwhakahaere me te whakauru i te mōhiotanga haumaru puta noa i te tukanga whakahaere katoa kia pai ai te mahi a te mīhini rākau, kia noho tonu ai hoki i roto i te āhua haumaru me te whakahaere i ngā wā katoa.