Malangizo Oyendetsera Chitetezo cha Makina Odula Mitengo

Monga chida cholemera kwambiri pa ntchito za nkhalango ndi uinjiniya, luso lamphamvu lodulira ndi kusamalira makina odulira mitengo limakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri zogwirira ntchito. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za makampani, ngozi zokhudzana ndi makina odulira mitengo zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusagwira bwino ntchito zimachititsa ngozi zoposa 35% za ngozi zonse za nkhalango. Zotsatira zake zimayambira kuwonongeka pang'ono kwa zida mpaka kuvulala kwakukulu. Kutsatira malamulo asayansi okhudza chitetezo ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pochepetsa zoopsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ndi yotetezeka. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mfundo zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito makina odulira mitengo mosamala kuchokera mbali zitatu: kukonzekera ntchito isanayambe, malamulo ogwirira ntchito, ndi kusamalira zadzidzidzi.

Asanayambe ntchito: Kuyang'anira zida ndi kuwunika chilengedwe
Kuyang'anira zida zonse
Musanayambe makina odulira mitengo, muyenera kuwunika mosamala kuti mupewe ngozi zomwe zingachitike. Yang'anani kwambiri madera otsatirawa:
Dongosolo lamagetsi: Yang'anani mulingo wa mafuta a injini, kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi mulingo wa choziziritsira kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe kutuluka kwa madzi. Mukayatsa injini, mvetserani ngati phokoso lake lili losalala komanso ngati zizindikiro zonse zomwe zili pa chida (kutentha kwa madzi, kuthamanga kwa mafuta) zili mkati mwa mulingo woyenera (kutentha kwa madzi 60-90℃, kuthamanga kwa mafuta 2.5-4bar).
Chipangizo chogwirira ntchito:Chongani kupsinjika kwa Unyolo Woona Unyolo (zokwanira kukoka unyolo 1-2cm), komanso ngati mano odulira awonongeka kapena asweka. Onani ngati mapaipi a hydraulic system ndi akale kapena awonongeka, komanso ngati mulingo wa mafuta a hydraulic ukukwaniritsa muyezo. Mukayamba, yesani ngati kutambasula ndi kuzungulira kwa mkono wamakina kuli kosalala, popanda kugwedezeka kapena phokoso losazolowereka.
Zipangizo zotetezera: Tsimikizirani kuti ukonde woteteza kabati (makulidwe ≥3mm) ndi chimango choletsa kugwedezeka (mphamvu ya kugwedezeka ≥30kJ) zili bwino komanso sizikuwonongeka. Onetsetsani ngati chomangira cha lamba wa mpando (m'lifupi ≥50mm) chili cholimba ndipo chingatambasulidwe ndikubwerera m'mbuyo momasuka. Ngati batani loyimitsa mwadzidzidzi ndi lothandiza ndipo lingadule mphamvu nthawi yomweyo mutakanikiza.

Kuwunika malo ogwirira ntchito
Kuvuta kwa malo omwe ali pamalopo ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimayambitsa ngozi. Kuwunika kotsatiraku kuyenera kumalizidwa ntchito isanayambe:
Kufufuza malo: Chotsani zopinga (monga miyala ndi zitsa za mitengo) mkati mwa malo ogwirira ntchito, lembani malo a mapaipi apansi panthaka (zingwe, mapaipi amadzi), ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe chopinga mkati mwa mtunda wa kuyenda kwa mkono wa roboti. M'malo omwe ali ndi malo otsetsereka opitirira 25°, MAPA oletsa kutsetsereka ayenera kuyikidwa kapena makina odulira mitengo a mtundu wa crawler ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake kuti aletse zidazo kuti zisagwedezeke.
Chitetezo chozungulira: Sankhani malo ochenjeza anthu (ma radius ≥15 metres), ikani zizindikiro zochenjeza (ma cone owunikira, mizere yochenjeza), ndipo letsani anthu osaloledwa kulowa. Ngati akugwira ntchito m'mbali mwa msewu, munthu wodzipereka ayenera kukonzedwa kuti atsogolere magalimoto ndikupewa kusokonezedwa ndi magalimoto odutsa.
Nyengo: Ntchito siziloledwa ngati nyengo yamvula yamphamvu monga mvula yamphamvu, mphepo yamphamvu (liwiro la mphepo ≥10m/s), chifunga cholimba (kuonekera

Pa nthawi yogwira ntchito: Malamulo oyendetsera ntchito ndi kupewa zoopsa ndi kuwongolera
Malangizo Oyambira Ogwirira Ntchito
Makina odulira mitengo akamagwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa makhalidwe a makina ndi mfundo za ergonomic kuti mupewe ntchito zoopsa.
Kuyambitsa ndi kutseka: Musanayambe, onetsetsani kuti mkono wa roboti wabwerera m'mbuyo (ndi ngodya yosapitirira 30° ku thupi la makina), komanso kuti chotsukira cha unyolo sichili kutali ndi pansi ndi zinthu zina. Mukayimitsa makina, choyamba ikani mkono wa makina pansi, zimitsani mphamvu ya chipangizo chogwirira ntchito, kenako zimitsani injini, ndipo potsiriza limbitsani buleki yoyimitsa galimoto.
Kudula ntchito: Mukagwira mitengo, choyamba konzani thunthu ndi mkono wamakina (mphamvu yolumikizira iyenera kulamulidwa ndi 1.2 kuchulukitsa kukula kwa thunthu kuti musaswe thunthu chifukwa cha kulimba kwambiri), ndipo sinthani liwiro la chainsaw malinga ndi kukula kwa thunthu (gwiritsani ntchito liwiro lapakati pa mainchesi osakwana 30cm ndi liwiro lalikulu pa mainchesi opitilira 50cm). Njira yodulira iyenera kugwirizana ndi njira yomwe thunthu la mtengo likupendekera. Malo osachepera mamita atatu otetezedwa ayenera kusungidwa. Ndikoletsedwa kuyang'ana nyumba, zingwe kapena mitengo ina mwachindunji.
Kulamulira katundu: Pogwira matabwa odulidwa, katundu mmodzi sayenera kupitirira mphamvu yokwanira ya zida (nthawi zambiri imalembedwa pachitseko cha m'mbali mwa kabati), ndipo kutalika kwa matabwa sikuyenera kupitirira 80% ya kutalika kwakukulu kwa mkono wa robotic. Mukanyamula matabwa, sungani pakati pa mphamvu yokoka mkati mwa malo othandizira matayala/matayala a zida kuti musagwedezeke chifukwa cha katundu wochuluka mbali imodzi.

Kupewa zochitika zoopsa kwambiri
Pazochitika zapadera zomwe zingachitike ngozi, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kutengedwa:
Kuthana ndi mitengo yokhotakhota: Pa mitengo yomwe ili ndi ngodya yopitirira 15°, choyamba imbani mpata woyamwa kugunda pansi pa thunthu (kutali ndi komwe likupendekera), wokhala ndi kuya kwa 1/3 ya thunthu. Kenako, pang'onopang'ono ukoke ndi mkono wamakina ndikudula ndi macheka. Musadule mizu mwachindunji kuti mtengowo usapendekere mwadzidzidzi.
Ntchito zogwirira ntchito: Mukadula nthambi pamalo okwera kwambiri, kutalika kwakukulu kwa mkono wa roboti sikuyenera kupitirira 70°. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kumangirira malamba awo otetezera ndikuwona momwe zinthu zilili pamalo okwera kwambiri kudzera m'makamera othandizira kuti chainsaw isakhudze zingwe (makamaka mizere yamagetsi apamwamba, yokhala ndi mtunda wotetezeka wa ≥10 metres).
Ntchito yogwirizana: Anthu ambiri akagwirizana, payenera kukhala njira yodziwira bwino zizindikiro (ma gestures, walkie-talkies), ndipo woyendetsa mkono wa robotic ayenera kukhala patali kuposa mamita atatu kuchokera pa chitsogozo cha pansi. Ogwira ntchito pansi saloledwa kuyima mkati mwa dera lozungulira la mkono wa robotic kapena m'njira zomwe mitengo ingagwere.

Pambuyo pa ntchito: Kukonza zida ndi kusamalira zinthu zadzidzidzi
Zofunikira pa Kukonza Zipangizo
Kusamalira bwino ntchito ikatha kungathandize kuti chipangizocho chikhale ndi moyo wautali komanso kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake mtsogolo.
Kuyeretsa ndi kuyang'anira: Chotsani zitsulo zamatabwa ndi utomoni kuchokera ku chainsaw ndipo pakani mafuta oletsa dzimbiri. Tsukani dothi pamwamba pa chipangizocho ndipo onani ngati malo olumikizira mapaipi a hydraulic ndi otayirira. Tulutsani madzi kuchokera mu thanki yamafuta (ngati chinyezi chozungulira chili choposa 80%) ndikuyika chokhazikika chamafuta.
Kusamalira zinthu: Pakani mafuta pa mabearing a cholumikizira chilichonse cha mkono wa robotic sabata iliyonse (pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochokera ku lithiamu), sinthani chinthu choyezera mafuta cha hydraulic mwezi uliwonse, ndipo yang'anani kuwonongeka kwa unyolo wa chainsaw kotala lililonse (sinthani ngati kuwonongeka kwa sawtooth kuli kokulirapo kuposa 2mm).
Zofunikira pakusungira: Ikani makina odulira mitengo pa nthaka yosalala komanso yolimba, tembenuzani mkono wonse wa makinawo, ndikutsitsa choduliracho pansi. Mukachisunga panja, chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi nsalu yosagwa mvula, zitseko ndi mawindo a chipinda cha dalaivala ziyenera kutsekedwa, kiyi iyenera kuchotsedwa ndikusungidwa bwino.

Njira yothanirana ndi mavuto mwadzidzidzi
Kuyankha kolondola pazochitika zosayembekezereka kungachepetse kwambiri kutayika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ngozi
Kulephera kwa zida: Ngati mkono wa makina wasweka, macheka a unyolo asweka kapena zinthu zina, dinani batani loyimitsa mwadzidzidzi kuti mudule magetsi. N'koletsedwa kukwera kuti mukonze pamene chipangizocho chikugwira ntchito. Yembekezerani mpaka injini itasiya kugwira ntchito musanayang'ane ngati pali zolakwika.
Kuvulala kwa ogwira ntchito: Ngati mwendo wagwidwa, kupanikizika kapena kuvulala kwina, imitsani makina nthawi yomweyo ndipo imbani nambala yadzidzidzi (monga 120). Nthawi yomweyo, chitanipo kanthu koyamba kothandiza monga kuletsa kutuluka magazi (kumanga tourniquet pafupi ndi mtima wa bala ndikulitulutsa kwa mphindi imodzi mphindi 30 zilizonse) ndikuletsa malo osweka (kukonza ndi bolodi lamatabwa ndi bandeji) kuti musamasunthe munthu wovulalayo ndikuyambitsa kuvulala kwina.
Ngozi ya moto: Ngati moto wayamba chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa mafuta, tulukani nthawi yomweyo kupita kumalo otetezeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito chozimitsira moto cha ufa wouma (cholemera ≥4kg) chomwe chili ndi zida zozimitsira moto. Musagwiritse ntchito madzi kuzimitsa moto wamagetsi. Moto ukatha, siyani zidazo ndipo chokani pamalopo, kenako imbani nambala ya alamu ya moto.

Ziyeneretso za ogwira ntchito ndi zofunikira pa maphunziro
Woyendetsa ntchito wa makina odulira mitengo ayenera kukhala ndi ziyeneretso zaukadaulo: kukhala ndi satifiketi yogwiritsira ntchito zida zapadera (Kalasi N2) ndikupambana mayeso aukadaulo ndi ogwirira ntchito. Kutenga nawo mbali pamaphunziro achitetezo osapitirira maola 24 chaka chilichonse kuti adziwe bwino mawonekedwe ndi njira zothanirana ndi ngozi za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makina odulira mitengo. Antchito atsopano ayenera kumaliza maola osachepera 50 ogwira ntchito kuntchito motsogozedwa ndi ogwira ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito. Pokhapokha atapambana mayesowo ndi pomwe angagwire ntchito pawokha.
Mfundo yaikulu yogwiritsira ntchito makina odulira mitengo mosamala ndi "kupewa koyamba ndi koyenera". Kuyambira kuyang'anira zida mpaka kuwunika chilengedwe, kuyambira malamulo ogwirira ntchito mpaka kuyankha mwadzidzidzi, kuwongolera mosamala chilichonse chomwe chili mu ulalo uliwonse kumathandiza kwambiri ku zoopsa. Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kukhala maso nthawi zonse ndikuyika chidziwitso chachitetezo panthawi yonse yogwirira ntchito kuti awonetsetse kuti makina odulira mitengo samangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito komanso amakhala otetezeka nthawi zonse.