Isikhokelo sokuSebenza ngoKhuseleko kwiimashini zokugawula imithi

Njengesixhobo esinzima kwimisebenzi yamahlathi nobunjineli, amandla amakhulu okusika nokuphatha oomatshini bokugawula athwala iingozi eziphezulu zokusebenza. Ngokwezibalo zoshishino, iingozi ezibandakanya oomatshini bokugawula ezibangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle zibangela ngaphezulu kwama-35% eengozi zizonke zamahlathi. Iziphumo zivela kumonakalo omncinci wezixhobo ukuya kwingozi enkulu. Ukunamathela kwimigaqo yokusebenza yokhuseleko lwesayensi yeyona nto iphambili ekuncitshisweni kweengozi nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi. Eli nqaku lichaza ngamanqaku aphambili okusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo koomatshini bokugawula ukusuka kwiinkalo ezintathu: ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokusebenza, imimiselo yokusebenza, kunye nokuphathwa ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaphambi kokusebenza: Ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo kunye novavanyo lokusingqongileyo
Ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo ngokupheleleyo
Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise umatshini wokufaka iingobozi, kufuneka kwenziwe uhlolo olucwangcisiweyo ukuze kususwe iingozi ezinokubakho. Gxila ekuhloleni ezi ndawo zilandelayo:
Inkqubo yamandla: Jonga inqanaba leoyile yenjini, ubungakanani bepetroli kunye nenqanaba le-coolant ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza. Emva kokuqalisa injini, mamela ukuba isandi esisebenzayo sigudile na nokuba zonke izalathisi ezikwiphaneli yesixhobo (ubushushu bamanzi, uxinzelelo lweoyile) zingaphakathi komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo (ubushushu bamanzi 60-90℃, uxinzelelo lweoyile 2.5-4bar).
Isixhobo esisebenzayo:Jonga uxinzelelo lwe Itsheyini yeSaw yeChain (kwanele ukutsala ityathanga eliyi-1-2cm), kunye nokuba amazinyo esarha onakele okanye aqhekekile. Jonga ukuba imibhobho yenkqubo ye-hydraulic indala okanye yonakele na, kunye nokuba inqanaba leoyile ye-hydraulic liyahlangabezana na nomgangatho. Emva kokuqala, vavanya ukuba ulwandiso kunye nokujikeleza kwengalo yomatshini zigudile na, ngaphandle kokuxinana okanye ingxolo engaqhelekanga.
Izixhobo zokhuseleko: Qinisekisa ukuba inethi yokukhusela ikhabhathi (ubukhulu obuyi-≥3mm) kunye nesakhelo sokungaqengqeleki (amandla okuchaphazela ayi-≥30kJ) azinakonakala kwaye azinakonakala. Jonga ukuba i-buckle yebhanti yesihlalo (ububanzi obuyi-≥50mm) iqinile na kwaye inokwandiswa kwaye irhoxe ngokukhululekileyo. Nokuba iqhosha lokumisa elingxamisekileyo libuthathaka na kwaye linokunqumla ngoko nangoko umbane emva kokuba ucinezelwe.

Uvavanyo lwemeko yokusebenza
Ubunzima bendawo ekwindawo leyo buyinto ebalulekileyo ebangela iingozi. Olu vavanyo lulandelayo kufuneka lugqitywe ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe:
Uphando lwendawo: Susa imiqobo (efana namatye kunye neziphunzi zemithi) kwindawo yokusebenza, phawula iindawo zemibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba (iintambo, imibhobho yamanzi), kwaye uqinisekise ukuba akukho thintelo ngaphakathi komgama wokuhamba kwengalo yerobhothi. Kwiindawo ezinethambeka elingaphezulu kwama-25°, kufuneka kubekwe iiMATS ezingatyibilikiyo okanye kusetyenziswe oomatshini bokugawula imithi abanjengoo-crawler endaweni yoko ukuthintela izixhobo ukuba zingaguquki.
Ukhuseleko olujikelezileyo: Khetha indawo yesilumkiso somsebenzi (i-radius ≥15 yeemitha), beka imiqondiso yesilumkiso (iikhowuni ezibonisa ukukhanya, imigca yesilumkiso), kwaye uthintele ngokungqongqo abasebenzi abangagunyaziswanga ukuba bangene. Ukuba usebenza ecaleni kwendlela, kufuneka kubekho umntu ozinikeleyo oza kukhokela izithuthi kwaye aphephe ukuphazamiseka kwezithuthi ezidlulayo.
Iimeko zemozulu: Imisebenzi ayivumelekanga xa kukho imozulu embi efana nemvula enkulu, umoya onamandla (isantya somoya ≥10m/s), inkungu engqindilili (ukubonakala

Ngexesha lomsebenzi: Imigaqo yokusebenza kunye nokuthintela umngcipheko kunye nokulawula
Izikhokelo eziSiseko zokusebenza
Xa umatshini wokugawula imithi usebenza, kuyimfuneko ukulandela ngokungqongqo iimpawu zoomatshini kunye nemigaqo ye-ergonomic ukuze kuthintelwe imisebenzi eyingozi.
Ukuqalisa nokuvala: Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise, qiniseka ukuba ingalo yerobhothi ibuyiselwe umva (nge-engile engadluli kwi-30° emzimbeni womatshini), kwaye i-chainsaw igcinwe kude nomhlaba nezinye izinto. Xa umisa umatshini, qala ubeke ingalo yomatshini emhlabeni, cima amandla esixhobo esisebenzayo, uze ucime injini, kwaye ekugqibeleni uqinise ibhuleki yokupaka.
Umsebenzi wokusika: Xa uphatha imithi, qala ulungise isiqu ngengalo yomatshini (amandla okubamba kufuneka alawulwe ngokuphindwe kayi-1.2 ubukhulu besiqu ukuze ungaqhekeki isiqu ngenxa yokuqina kakhulu), kwaye ulungise isantya se-chainsaw ngokwesixa sesiqu (sebenzisa isantya esiphakathi kwi-diameters ezingaphantsi kwama-30cm kunye nesantya esiphezulu kwi-diameters ezingaphezulu kwama-50cm). Icala lokusika kufuneka lihambelane necala lokuthambeka kwesiqu somthi. Ubuncinane iimitha ezi-3 zendawo ekhuselekileyo yokuthambeka kufuneka igcinwe. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukujongana nezakhiwo, iintambo okanye eminye imithi ngokuthe ngqo.
Ulawulo lomthwalo: Xa uphatha umthi osikiweyo, umthwalo omnye akufuneki udlule umthamo womthwalo olinganiselweyo wesixhobo (odla ngokuphawulwa kucango olusecaleni lwekhabhathi), kwaye ubude bomthi akufuneki budlule i-80% yomlinganiselo ophezulu wolwandiso lwengalo yerobhothi. Xa uphakamisa umthi, gcina umbindi womxhuzulane ngaphakathi komphezulu oxhasayo weetrekhi/amatayara esixhobo ukuze uphephe ukujika ngenxa yomthwalo ogqithisileyo kwelinye icala.

Ukuphepha iimeko ezinobungozi obukhulu
Kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo ezinokubangela iingozi, amanyathelo okuzikhusela ajoliswe kuzo kufuneka athathwe:
Ukujongana nemithi ethambekileyo: Kwimithi etyekele phezulu, i-engile engaphezulu kwe-15°, qala ngokumba umngxuma otsala uthuko ezantsi kwesiqu (kude necala lokuthambekela), onobunzulu obuyi-1/3 yobubanzi besiqu. Emva koko, yitsale kancinci ngengalo yomatshini uze uyinqumle ngesarha yentsimbi. Musa ukuyinqumla ngqo ingcambu ukuze ungathambeki ngequbuliso umthi.
Imisebenzi engaphezulu: Xa kuthenwa amasebe kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ukuphakama okuphezulu I-engile yengalo yerobhothi akufuneki idlule kwi-70°. Abaqhubi kufuneka babophe amabhanti abo okhuseleko kwaye bajonge iimeko zokuphakama okuphezulu ngeekhamera ezincedisayo ukuthintela i-chainsaw ekuchukumiseni iintambo (ingakumbi imigca ye-voltage ephezulu, enomgama wokhuseleko we-≥10 yeemitha).
Umsebenzi wokubambisana: Xa abantu abaninzi besebenzisana, kufuneka kusekwe inkqubo yemiqondiso ecacileyo (iintshukumo zomzimba, ii-walkie-talkies), kwaye umqhubi wengalo yerobhothi kufuneka ahlale umgama ongaphezulu kweemitha ezi-3 ukusuka kwisikhokelo somhlaba. Abasebenzi bomhlaba abavumelekanga ukuma ngaphakathi kwerediyasi yokujikeleza yengalo yerobhothi okanye kwiindlela apho imithi inokuwela khona.

Emva komsebenzi: Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuphathwa kwengxamiseko
Iinkcukacha zoLondolozo lweZixhobo
Ukugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi kunokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo kwaye kunciphise iingozi zokusetyenziswa kwaso kwakhona.
Ukucoca nokuhlola: Susa iziqwenga zomthi kunye ne-resin kwi-chainsaw uze ufake i-oyile yokulwa nomhlwa. Hlamba ukungcola kumphezulu wesixhobo kwaye ujonge ukuba iindawo zombhobho we-hydraulic zikhululekile na. Khupha amanzi kwi-fuel tank (ukuba ukufuma okungqongileyo kungaphezulu kwe-80%) uze wongeze i-fuel stabilizer.
Ukugcinwa kwecandelo: Thambisa iibheringi zelungu ngalinye lengalo yerobhothi veki nganye (usebenzisa igrisi esekwe kwi-lithium), tshintsha i-hydraulic oil filter element nyanga nganye, kwaye ujonge ukuguguleka kwe-chainsaw chain quarterly (tshintsha ukuba ukuguguleka kwe-sawtooth kungaphezulu kwe-2mm).
Iimfuneko zokugcina: Paka umatshini wokugawula imithi emhlabeni othe tyaba noqinileyo, ubuyisele ngokupheleleyo ingalo yoomatshini, uze wehlise isarha yetsheyini emhlabeni. Xa igcinwe ngaphandle, kufuneka igqunywe ngelaphu elingangeni mvula, iingcango kunye neefestile zekhabhathi yomqhubi kufuneka zivalwe, isitshixo kufuneka sisuswe kwaye sigcinwe kakuhle.

Inkqubo yokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka
Impendulo echanekileyo kwiimeko ezingalindelekanga inokunciphisa kakhulu ilahleko ebangelwa ziingozi
Ukusilela kwezixhobo: Kwimeko yokuxinana kwengalo ngoomatshini, ukwaphuka kwesarha yetsheyini okanye ezinye iimeko, cofa iqhosha lokumisa ngokukhawuleza ukuze ucime umbane. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukunyuka ukuze kulungiswe ngelixa izixhobo zisebenza. Linda de injini ime ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba ujonge iimpazamo.
Ukonzakala kwabasebenzi: Ukuba umlenze ubambekile, ucinezelekile okanye wenzakele, yima umatshini ngoko nangoko uze utsalele umnxeba kwinombolo yongxamiseko (efana ne-120). Kwangaxeshanye, thatha amanyathelo okuqala oncedo lokuqala afana nokuyeka ukopha (ukubopha i-tourniquet kufutshane nentliziyo yenxeba uze uyikhulule umzuzu omnye rhoqo emva kwemizuzu engama-30) kunye nokuthintela indawo ephukileyo (ukuyilungisa ngebhodi yomthi kunye nebhandishi) ukuze ungashukumisi umntu owenzakeleyo kwaye ubangele ukwenzakala kwesibini.
Ingozi yomlilo: Ukuba umlilo ubangelwa kukuvuza kwepetroli, khawuleza uye kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kwaye usebenzise isicima-mlilo somgubo owomileyo (umthamo ≥4kg) esinazo izixhobo ukucima umlilo. Musa ukusebenzisa amanzi ukucima umlilo wombane. Xa umlilo ungalawuleki, shiya izixhobo uze uhambe kude nendawo yesiganeko, uze utsalele umnxeba inombolo yesilumkiso somlilo.

Iziqinisekiso zabasebenzi kunye neemfuno zoqeqesho
Umsebenzisi we umatshini wokuloba kufuneka babe neemfaneleko zobungcali: babe nesatifikethi sokusebenza kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo (iKlasi N2) kwaye baphumelele uvavanyo lokusebenza olusekelwe kwithiyori nolusebenzayo. Bathathe inxaxheba kuqeqesho lokhuseleko olungaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-24 minyaka le ukuze baqhelane neempawu kunye neenkqubo zokujongana nongxamiseko zeemodeli ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini bokugawula. Abasebenzi abasandula ukuqeshwa kufuneka bagqibe ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-50 zomsebenzi emsebenzini phantsi kwesikhokelo sabasebenzi abanamava. Kuphela emva kokuphumelela uvavanyo apho banokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo.
Umgaqo oyintloko wokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo komatshini wokugawula imithi "kukuthintela ukusebenza kokuqala kunye nomgangatho omiselweyo". Ukususela ekuhlolweni kwezixhobo ukuya kuvavanyo lokusingqongileyo, ukusuka kwimigangatho yokusebenza ukuya kwimpendulo engxamisekileyo, ulawulo olucokisekileyo lweenkcukacha zonke kwikhonkco ngalinye lusebenza njengokhuselo oluqinileyo kwiingozi. Abaqhubi kufuneka bahlale bephaphile kwaye babandakanye ulwazi ngokhuseleko kuyo yonke inkqubo yokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba umatshini wokugawula imithi awupheleli nje ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa uhlala ukwimeko elawulekayo nekhuselekileyo ngamaxesha onke.