Inyigisho ku mikorere y'umutekano ku mashini zitema ibiti

Nk'igikoresho kinini mu bikorwa by'amashyamba n'ubuhanga, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo gutema no gucunga imashini itema ibiti bufite ingaruka zikomeye mu mikorere. Dukurikije imibare y'inganda, impanuka ziterwa n'imashini zitema ibiti ziterwa no gukora nabi zigize impanuka zirenga 35% by'impanuka zose zo mu mashyamba. Ingaruka zikomoka ku kwangirika guto kw'ibikoresho kugeza ku nkomere zikomeye. Gukurikiza amahame ya siyansi agenga umutekano ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu kugabanya ibyago no kurinda umutekano w'ibikorwa. Iyi ngingo isobanura ingingo z'ingenzi zo gukoresha imashini zitema ibiti mu mutekano uhereye ku bintu bitatu: gutegura mbere yo gukora, amahame agenga gukora, no gukemura ibibazo byihutirwa.

Mbere yo gukora: Igenzura ry'ibikoresho n'isuzuma ry'ibidukikije
Igenzura ryimbitse ry'ibikoresho
Mbere yo gutangiza imashini yo gutema ibiti, hagomba gukorwa igenzura ryimbitse kugira ngo hakurweho ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’ikosa. Hitamo kugenzura ibice bikurikira:
Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi: Genzura urwego rw'amavuta ya moteri, ingano ya lisansi n'urwego rw'ibikoresho bikonjesha kugira ngo urebe neza ko nta gusohoka kw'amazi. Nyuma yo gutangiza moteri, tega amatwi niba ijwi rikora neza kandi niba ibimenyetso byose biri ku gikoresho (ubushyuhe bw'amazi, umuvuduko w'amavuta) biri mu rugero rusanzwe (ubushyuhe bw'amazi 60-90℃, umuvuduko w'amavuta 2.5-4bar).
Igikoresho gikora:Genzura umuvuduko w'umwuka Umunyururu w'urusyo rw'iminyururu (bihagije gukurura umugozi wa cm 1-2), kandi niba amenyo y'inkero yangiritse cyangwa yaracitse. Reba niba imiyoboro ya sisitemu ya hydraulic ishaje cyangwa yangiritse, kandi niba urwego rwa peteroli ya hydraulic rwujuje ubuziranenge. Nyuma yo gutangira, gerageza niba kwagura no kuzunguruka kw'ukuboko kwa mashini byoroshye, nta gufungana cyangwa urusaku rudasanzwe.
Ibikoresho by'umutekano: Emeza ko umuyoboro w’uburinzi bw’akabati (ubunini bwa ≥3mm) n’agace karinda kuzunguruka (imbaraga z’ingaruka ≥30kJ) ntacyo byangiritse kandi nta cyangiritse. Reba niba umukandara w’umukandara (ubugari bwa ≥50mm) ukomeye kandi ushobora kwaguka no gusubira inyuma byoroheje. Niba buto yo guhagarara yihutirwa ishobora guhita ihagarika umuriro nyuma yo gukanda.

Isuzuma ry'aho akazi gakorerwa
Uburemere bw'ibidukikije biri aho hantu ni ikintu cy'ingenzi gitera impanuka. Isuzuma rikurikira rigomba gukorwa mbere yo gukora:
Iperereza ku kibanza: Kuraho inzitizi (nk'amabuye n'ibishishwa by'ibiti) mu gace gakorerwamo, shyira akamenyetso ku myanya y'imiyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka (insinga, imiyoboro y'amazi), kandi urebe neza ko nta mbogamizi iri mu ntera y'urugendo rw'ukuboko kwa roboti. Mu duce dufite ubuhaname burenga 25°, hagomba gushyirwaho MATS zirinda kunyerera cyangwa hagakoreshwa imashini zitema ibiti zo mu bwoko bwa crawler kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibikoresho bihinduka.
Umutekano ukikije: Shyiraho agace k'ububurira (intera iri hagati ya metero ≥15), shyiraho ibimenyetso by'ububurira (imirongo igarura urumuri, imirongo y'ububurira), kandi ubuze byimazeyo abakozi batabifitiye uburenganzira kwinjira. Niba ukorera ku nkengero z'umuhanda, umuntu wiyeguriye Imana agomba gutegurwa kugira ngo ayobore ibinyabiziga kandi yirinde ko ibinyabiziga binyura aho biri.
Imiterere y'ikirere: Ibikorwa birabujijwe mu gihe habaye ikirere kibi cyane nk'imvura nyinshi, umuyaga mwinshi (umuvuduko w'umuyaga ≥10m/s), igihu kinini (kugaragara

Mu gihe cyo gutanga akazi: Amahame agenga imikorere no gukumira no kugenzura ingaruka
Amabwiriza y'ibanze ku mikorere
Iyo imashini ikora ibiti ikora, ni ngombwa gukurikiza neza imiterere ya mekanike n'amahame agenga imikorere kugira ngo hirindwe imikorere iteje akaga.
Gutangiza no guhagarika: Mbere yo gutangira, menya neza ko ukuboko kwa roboti kwasubijwe inyuma (kufite inguni itarenze 30° ku gice cy'imashini), kandi ko umucanga wa chainsaw ushyizwe kure y'ubutaka n'ibindi bintu. Mu gihe uhagaritse imashini, banza ushyire ukuboko kwa mechanical hasi, uzimye imbaraga z'igikoresho gikora, hanyuma uzimye moteri, hanyuma ufunge feri yo guparika.
Igikorwa cyo gukata: Mu gihe ufata ibiti, banza ukoreshe igiti ukoresheje ukuboko kwa mashini (imbaraga zo gufata zigomba kugenzurwa inshuro 1.2 z'umurambararo w'igiti kugira ngo wirinde gusenyuka bitewe no gufunga cyane), kandi uhindure umuvuduko w'umucanga ukurikije umurambararo w'igiti (koresha umuvuduko uringaniye ku murambararo uri munsi ya cm 30 n'umuvuduko mwinshi ku murambararo uri hejuru ya cm 50). Icyerekezo cyo gutema kigomba kuba gihuye n'icyerekezo cy'igiti gihengamye. Nibura metero 3 z'umwanya wo kuhengamira mu buryo bwizewe ugomba kubikwa. Birabujijwe cyane kureba inyubako, insinga cyangwa ibindi biti mu buryo butaziguye.
Kugenzura imizigo: Mu gihe ukoresha ibiti byaciwe, umutwaro umwe ntugomba kurenza ubushobozi bw'ibikoresho (ubusanzwe biba byanditse ku muryango wo ku ruhande rw'akabati), kandi uburebure bw'ibiti ntibugomba kurenza 80% by'uburebure ntarengwa bw'ukuboko kwa roboti. Mu gihe uterura ibiti, shyira hagati y'imbaraga rukuruzi mu gice gishyigikira inzira/amapine y'ibikoresho kugira ngo wirinde kuguruka bitewe n'umutwaro mwinshi ku ruhande rumwe.

Kwirinda ibintu bishobora guteza akaga gakomeye
Ku bihe byihariye bishobora gutera impanuka, ingamba zo kwirinda zigomba gufatwa:
Guhangana n'ibiti birebire: Ku biti bifite aho birebera, Inguni irenga 15°, banza ucukure umwobo ufata umuyaga uri hepfo y'igiti (kure y'aho gihengamiye), ufite ubujyakuzimu bwa 1/3 cy'umurambararo w'igiti. Hanyuma, ukure buhoro buhoro ukoresheje ukuboko kwa mechanical hanyuma ukate ukoresheje chain carrow. Ntukate umuzi neza kugira ngo igiti kidahengamiye gitunguranye.
Ibikorwa byo gutwara abantu ku giti cyabo: Mu gihe ukata amashami ahantu hirengeye, uburebure ntarengwa bw'inguni y'ukuboko kwa roboti ntibugomba kurenza dogere 70. Abakoresha bagomba gufata imikandara yabo y'umutekano no kureba imiterere y'ubutumburuke bwo hejuru bakoresheje kamera z'inyongera kugira ngo wirinde ko umucanga ukora ku nsinga (cyane cyane imirongo ifite amashanyarazi menshi, ifite intera y'umutekano ya metero ≥10).
Umurimo w'ubufatanye: Iyo abantu benshi bafatanyije, hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo bw'ibimenyetso busobanutse (ibimenyetso by'umubiri, ama-walkie-talkies), kandi umukoresha w'ukuboko kwa robo agomba kugumana intera irenga metero 3 uvuye ku murongo w'ubutaka. Abakozi bo ku butaka ntibemerewe guhagarara mu gice cy'uruziga rw'ukuboko kwa robo cyangwa mu nzira ibiti bishobora kugwamo.

Nyuma y'akazi: Gusana ibikoresho no gukemura ibibazo byihutirwa
Ibisobanuro byo kubungabunga ibikoresho
Gufata neza nyuma yo kurangiza akazi bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho no kugabanya ibyago byo kubikoresha ubutaha.
Isuku n'igenzura: Kuraho ibiti byaciwe n'ubutare mu cyuma gisukwaho icyuma, ushyireho amavuta arwanya ingese. Kuraho umwanda ku gikoresho, urebe niba imiyoboro y'amazi idakora neza. Kura amazi mu kigega cya lisansi (niba ubushuhe buri hejuru ya 80%), hanyuma ushyiremo lisansi ihoraho.
Kubungabunga ibice: Siga amavuta ku miyoboro ya buri gice cy'ukuboko kwa roboti buri cyumweru (ukoresheje amavuta ashingiye kuri lithium), usimbuze icyuma gitunganya amavuta ya hydraulic buri kwezi, kandi urebe uko umugozi wa chainsaw wangiritse buri gihembwe (usimbuze niba umugozi wa sawtooth urenze 2mm).
Ibisabwa mu kubika: Shyira imashini ifata ibiti ku butaka buto kandi bukomeye, subiza inyuma ukuboko kwa mashini, hanyuma umanure umucanga w'imashini hasi. Iyo ubitse hanze, bigomba gupfukwa n'igitambaro kidapfa imvura, inzugi n'amadirishya by'inzu y'umushoferi bigomba gufungwa, urufunguzo rugakurwaho kandi rugabikwa neza.

Uburyo bwo gutabara mu gihe cy'ibiza
Igisubizo gikwiye mu bihe bitunguranye gishobora kugabanya igihombo giterwa n'impanuka ku rugero runini
Ibura ry'ibikoresho: Mu gihe habayeho gufungana kw'amaboko, kuvunika k'umunyururu cyangwa ibindi bibazo, kanda ako kanya buto yo guhagarika byihutirwa kugira ngo uhagarike umuriro. Birabujijwe cyane kuzamuka kugira ngo ukomeze gukoresha ibikoresho mu gihe bikora. Tegereza kugeza igihe moteri ihagaze burundu mbere yo gusuzuma niba hari amakosa.
Imvune ku bakozi: Mu gihe amaguru afashwe, agakandamizwa cyangwa ibindi bikomere, hita uhagarika imashini hanyuma uhamagare nimero y'ubutabazi bwihuse (nk'iyi 120). Muri icyo gihe, fata ingamba z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze nko guhagarika kuva amaraso (gupfuka tourniquet hafi y'umutima w'igikomere no kugirekura umunota 1 buri minota 30) no guhagarika aho imvune yavunitse (gusana n'ikibaho cy'imbaho ​​n'igitambaro) kugira ngo wirinde kwimura uwakomeretse no gutera ibindi bikomere.
Impanuka y'inkongi y'umuriro: Mu gihe habayeho inkongi y'umuriro iterwa n'amazi yavuye muri lisansi, hita wimuka ujye ahantu hizewe kandi ukoreshe ikizimyamwoto cy'ifu yumye (ubuso bwa ≥4kg) kirimo ibikoresho kugira ngo uzimye umuriro. Ntugakoreshe amazi mu kuzimya inkongi z'amashanyarazi. Iyo umuriro urenze ubushobozi bwawe, rekera ibikoresho hanyuma ugende kure y'aho byabereye, hanyuma uhamagare inomero y'intabaza y'umuriro.

Ibisabwa ku bakozi n'amahugurwa
Umukozi ushinzwe ibikorwa bya imashini yo gusarura ibiti agomba kuba afite impamyabumenyi z'umwuga: afite icyemezo cy'imikorere yihariye y'ibikoresho (Icyiciro cya N2) kandi agatsinda isuzumabumenyi n'isuzumabikorwa. Yitabira amahugurwa y'umutekano mu gihe kitari munsi y'amasaha 24 buri mwaka kugira ngo amenye imiterere n'uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo byihutirwa by'imashini zitandukanye zitema ibiti. Abakozi bashya bagomba kurangiza nibura amasaha 50 y'akazi bakora bayobowe n'abakoresha b'inararibonye. Nyuma yo gutsinda isuzumabumenyi ni bwo bashobora gukora ku giti cyabo.
Ihame ry'ingenzi ry'imikorere myiza y'imashini itema ibiti ni "gukumira imikorere ya mbere n'iy'ubuziranenge". Kuva ku igenzura ry'ibikoresho kugeza ku isuzuma ry'ibidukikije, kuva ku mahame agenga imikorere kugeza ku gutabara mu gihe cy'impanuka, kugenzura neza buri kantu kose kari muri buri sano bifasha mu kurinda ingaruka zikomeye. Abakoresha bagomba guhora bari maso kandi bagashyiramo ubukangurambaga ku mutekano mu gihe cyose cy'imikorere kugira ngo imashini itema ibiti idakomeza gukora neza gusa ahubwo igakomeza kuba mu buryo bugenzurwa kandi bufite umutekano igihe cyose.