Kodi injini ya ma stroke anayi ndi iti?

Kodi injini ya ma stroke anayi ndi iti?

Injini ya njinga yamagetsi ya ma stroke anayi Ndi injini yoyaka mkati yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma piston strokes anayi osiyanasiyana (intake, compression, power ndi exhaust) kuti igwire ntchito. Piston imamaliza ma piston awiri athunthu mu silinda kuti igwire ntchito. Kugwira ntchito kamodzi kumafuna kuti crankshaft izungulire kawiri, kutanthauza, 720°.

Ma injini a ma cycle anayi ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri Injini Yaing'onoInjini ya ma stroke anayi imatha ma stroke asanu munthawi imodzi yogwira ntchito, kuphatikizapo intake stroke, compression stroke, ignition stroke, power stroke ndi exhaust stroke.

Kuukira kwa Intake

Chochitika cholowa chimatanthauza nthawi imene chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta chimalowetsedwa kuti chidzaze chipinda choyaka moto. Chochitika cholowa chimachitika pamene pisitoni imasuntha kuchokera pakati pamwamba kupita pakati pansi ndipo valavu yolowera imatsegulidwa. Kusuntha kwa pisitoni kupita pakati pansi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika kochepa mu silinda. Kupanikizika kwa mpweya komwe kumakhalapo kumakakamiza chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta kulowa mu silinda kudzera mu valavu yotseguka kuti idzaze malo otsika omwe amapangidwa ndi kuyenda kwa pisitoni. Silinda imapitirira kudzaza pang'ono kupitirira pakati pansi pamene chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta chikupitirira kuyenda ndi inertia yake ndipo pisitoni imayamba kusintha njira. Pambuyo pa BDC, valavu yolowera imakhalabe yotseguka kwa madigiri angapo a kuzungulira kwa crankshaft. Zimatengera kapangidwe ka injini. Valavu yolowera imatseka ndipo chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta chimatsekedwa mkati mwa silinda.

Kukanikiza kwa compression Kukanikiza kwa compression ndi nthawi yomwe chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta chogwidwa chimakanizidwa mkati mwa silinda. Chipinda choyaka chimatsekedwa kuti chipange chaji. Chaji ndi kuchuluka kwa chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta chopanikizika mkati mwa chipinda choyaka moto chokonzeka kuyaka. Kukanikiza chisakanizo cha mpweya ndi mafuta kumatulutsa mphamvu zambiri panthawi yoyatsa. Ma valve olowera ndi otulutsa mpweya ayenera kutsekedwa kuti atsimikizire kuti silinda yatsekedwa kuti ipereke kukanikiza. Kukanikiza ndi njira yochepetsera kapena kukanikiza chaji mu chipinda choyaka moto kuchokera pa voliyumu yayikulu kupita ku voliyumu yaying'ono. Chingwe chowulukira chimathandiza kusunga mphamvu yofunikira kuti chaji ikanikize.

Pamene pisitoni ya injini ikanikiza mphamvu ya injini, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ya injini yokanikiza yomwe imapezeka chifukwa cha ntchito yomwe pisitoni imachita kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha. Kukanikiza ndi kutentha kwa nthunzi ya mpweya ndi mafuta mu mphamvu ya injini kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kutentha kwa injini yokanikiza komanso kuti mafuta ayambe kufuka. Kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa injini yokanikiza kumachitika mofanana m'chipinda chonse choyaka moto kuti pakhale kuyaka mwachangu (kusungunuka kwa mafuta) pambuyo poyatsa moto.

Kutuluka kwa nthunzi ya mafuta kumawonjezeka pamene madontho ang'onoang'ono a mafuta amatuluka nthunzi kwathunthu chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kumapangidwa. Kuwonjezeka kwa malo a pamwamba pa madontho omwe amayatsidwa ndi lawi loyatsira moto kumalola kuyaka kwathunthu kwa mphamvu mu chipinda choyatsira moto. Nthunzi ya mafuta yokha ndi yomwe idzayatsa. Kuwonjezeka kwa malo a pamwamba pa madontho kumapangitsa kuti mafuta atulutse nthunzi yambiri m'malo mokhala madzi.

Pamene mamolekyu a nthunzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri amakanikizidwa, mphamvu zambiri zimapezeka kuchokera mu njira yoyaka. Mphamvu yomwe imafunika kuti ikanikize mphamvu ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yomwe imapezeka panthawi yoyaka. Mwachitsanzo, mu injini yaying'ono yamba, mphamvu yomwe imafunika kuti ikanikize mphamvu ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi okha a mphamvu yomwe imapangidwa panthawi yoyaka.

Chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwa injini ndi kuyerekeza kwa voliyumu ya chipinda choyaka moto pamene pisitoni ili pansi pakati pa dead ndi voliyumu ya chipinda choyaka moto pamene pisitoni ili pamwamba pakati pa dead. Dera ili, pamodzi ndi kapangidwe ndi kalembedwe ka chipinda choyaka moto, limasankha chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika. Injini ya PetroliKawirikawiri ma s amakhala ndi chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwa 6 mpaka 1 mpaka 10 mpaka 1. Chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika chikakhala chachikulu, injini imakhala yogwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwakukulu nthawi zambiri chimawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu yoyaka kapena mphamvu yogwira ntchito pa pistoni. Komabe, chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika kwakukulu chimawonjezera mphamvu yomwe woyendetsa galimoto amafunika kuti ayambitse injini. Mainjini ena ang'onoang'ono ali ndi machitidwe omwe amachepetsa kupsinjika panthawi ya kupsinjika kuti achepetse mphamvu yomwe woyendetsa galimoto amafunika poyambitsa injini.

Chochitika Choyatsira Moto Chochitika choyatsira moto (kuyatsa) chimachitika pamene mphamvu yayatsidwa ndikuwotchedwa mwachangu kudzera mu mankhwala kuti atulutse mphamvu yotentha. Kuyaka ndi njira yofulumira yoyatsira moto yomwe mafuta amaphatikizana ndi mpweya wa mumlengalenga ndi kutulutsa mphamvu mu mawonekedwe a kutentha.

Kuyaka koyenera kumaphatikizapo nthawi yochepa koma yochepa yomwe lawi limafalikira m'chipinda choyaka moto. Lawi lomwe lili pa plug ya spark limayamba kuyaka pamene crankshaft imazungulira pafupifupi 20° patsogolo pa malo oyaka moto. Mpweya wa mlengalenga ndi nthunzi ya mafuta zimadyedwa ndi lawi lopita patsogolo. Lawi lopita patsogolo ndi khoma lozungulira lomwe limalekanitsa mphamvu ndi zinthu zina zoyatsira moto. Lawi lopita patsogolo limadutsa m'chipinda choyaka moto mpaka mphamvu yonse itayaka.

kugwedezeka kwa mphamvu

Mphamvu yothamanga ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya injini pomwe mpweya wotentha womwe ukukulirakulira umakakamiza mutu wa pistoni kuchoka pa mutu wa silinda. Mphamvu ya pistoni ndi kayendetsedwe kake kamene kamatsatira zimatumizidwa kudzera mu ndodo yolumikizira kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu yothamanga ku crankshaft. Mphamvu yothamanga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito imayambitsa kuzungulira kwa crankshaft. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yothamanga komwe kumapangidwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kupanikizika kwa pistoni, kukula kwa pistoni ndi mphamvu yothamanga ya injini. Pa nthawi yothamanga, ma valve onse awiri amatsekedwa.

Kuthamanga kwa utsiKuthamanga kwa utsi kumachitika pamene mpweya wotulutsa utsi umatulutsidwa m'chipinda choyaka moto ndikutulutsidwa mumlengalenga. Kuthamanga kwa utsi ndi kutsika komaliza ndipo kumachitika pamene valavu yotulutsa utsi imatsegulidwa ndipo valavu yolowera imatsekedwa. Kusuntha kwa pisitoni kumatulutsa mpweya wotulutsa utsi mumlengalenga.

Pisitoni ikafika pakati pa pansi pa mpweya woipa panthawi ya mphamvu yogwira ntchito, kuyaka kumakhala kokwanira ndipo silinda imadzazidwa ndi mpweya woipa. Valavu yotulutsa mpweya imatsegulidwa, ndipo kufooka kwa flywheel ndi ziwalo zina zoyenda kumakankhira pisitoni kubwerera pakati pa pamwamba pa mpweya woipa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya woipa utuluke kudzera mu valavu yotseguka yogwira ntchito. Pamapeto pa mpweya woipa, pisitoni imakhala pakati pa pamwamba pa mpweya woipa ndipo nthawi yogwirira ntchito imatha.