Yiziphi izinhlobo ezine zenjini enezinhlungu ezine?

Yiziphi izinhlobo ezine zenjini enezinhlungu ezine?

Injini yamabhayisikili anezigiya ezine iyinjini yokushisa yangaphakathi esebenzisa imivimbo emine ehlukene ye-piston (ukungenisa, ukucindezela, amandla kanye nokukhipha umoya) ukuqedela umjikelezo wokusebenza. I-piston iqedela imivimbo emibili ephelele ku-cylinder ukuqedela umjikelezo wokusebenza. Umjikelezo owodwa wokusebenza udinga ukuthi i-crankshaft ijikeleze kabili, okungukuthi, ama-720°.

Izinjini ze-four-stroke cycle ziwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe- Injini Encanes. Injini enezinhlungu ezine iqeda izinhlungu ezinhlanu ngomjikelezo owodwa wokusebenza, okuhlanganisa i-intake stroke, i-compression stroke, i-ignition stroke, i-power stroke kanye ne-exhaust stroke.

I-stroke yokungenisa

Umcimbi wokungenisa ubhekisela esikhathini lapho ingxube yomoya-fuel ifakwa khona ukuze igcwalise igumbi lomlilo. Umcimbi wokungenisa uyenzeka lapho i-piston isuka esikhungweni esifile esiphezulu iye esikhungweni esifile phansi bese i-valve yokungenisa ivuleka. Ukuhamba kwe-piston kuya esikhungweni esifile phansi kudala ingcindezi ephansi kusilinda. Ingcindezi yomoya ephakathi iphoqa ingxube yomoya-fuel ingene kwisilinda nge-valve yokungenisa evulekile ukuze igcwalise indawo enengcindezi ephansi edalwe ukunyakaza kwe-piston. Isilinda iyaqhubeka nokugcwalisa kancane ngale kwesikhungo esifile phansi njengoba ingxube yomoya-fuel iqhubeka nokugeleza nge-inertia yayo futhi i-piston iqala ukushintsha indlela. Ngemuva kwe-BDC, i-valve yokungenisa ihlala ivulekile amazinga ambalwa okujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Kuye ngomklamo wenjini. I-valve yokungenisa ivala bese ingxube yomoya-fuel ivalwa ngaphakathi kwesilinda.

Ukushaya kokucindezelaUkushaya kokucindezela yisikhathi lapho ingxube yomoya-fuel ebambekile icindezelwa ngaphakathi kwesilinda. Igumbi lokusha livaliwe ukuze kudalwe ukushaja. Ukushaja yivolumu yengxube yomoya-fuel ecindezelwe ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokusha elungele ukushaja. Ukucindezela ingxube yomoya-fuel kukhipha amandla engeziwe ngesikhathi sokushaja. Ama-valve okungenisa kanye nawokukhipha umoya kumele avalwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isilinda ivaliwe ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukucindezelwa. Ukucindezela yinqubo yokunciphisa noma ukucindezela ukushaja ekamelweni lokushaja kusuka kuvolumu enkulu kuya kuvolumu encane. I-flywheel isiza ukugcina umfutho odingekayo ukuze kucindezelwe ukushaja.

Uma i-piston yenjini icindezela ukushaja, ukwanda kwamandla okucindezela anikezwa umsebenzi owenziwe yi-piston kuholela ekukhiqizeni ukushisa. Ukucindezela nokushisa komphunga womoya-kaphethiloli ekushajeni kuholela ekushiseni okukhulu kanye nokwanda kokuhwamuka kukaphethiloli. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa lokushaja kwenzeka ngokulinganayo kulo lonke igumbi lokushaja ukuze kukhiqizwe ukushaja okusheshayo (ukushiswa kukaphethiloli) ngemva kokushaja.

Ukuhwamuka kukaphethiloli kuyanda lapho amaconsi amancane kaphethiloli ehwamuka ngokuphelele ngenxa yokushisa okukhiqizwayo. Indawo ekhulayo yobuso bamaconsi abonakala elangeni lokushisa ivumela ukushaja okuphelele ekamelweni lokushisa. Umhwamuko kaphethiloli kuphela ozovutha. Indawo ekhulayo yobuso bamaconsi ibangela ukuthi uphethiloli ukhiphe umhwamuko omningi esikhundleni sokuhlala uketshezi.

Uma ama-molecule omhwamuko ashajiwe ecindezelwa kakhulu, kulapho kutholakala khona amandla amaningi enkambisweni yokusha. Amandla adingekayo ukucindezela ishaja aphansi kakhulu kunokwanda kwamandla akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha. Isibonelo, enjinini encane evamile, amandla adingekayo ukucindezela ishaja ayikota kuphela yamandla akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusha.

Isilinganiso sokucindezela senjini siwukuqhathanisa ivolumu yegumbi lokushiswa lapho i-piston iphansi maphakathi nevolumu yegumbi lokushiswa lapho i-piston iphezulu maphakathi nephezulu. Le ndawo, kuhlanganiswe nomklamo kanye nesitayela segumbi lokushiswa, inquma i-compression ratio. Injini KaphethiloliI-s ngokuvamile inesilinganiso sokucindezela esingu-6 kuya ku-1 kuya ku-10 kuya ku-1. Uma isilinganiso sokucindezela siphakeme, injini iyonga kakhulu uphethiloli. Isilinganiso sokucindezela esiphezulu sivame ukwandisa kakhulu ingcindezi yokushisa noma amandla asebenza episton. Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso sokucindezela esiphezulu sandisa umzamo odingwa umqhubi ukuze aqalise injini. Ezinye izinjini ezincane zinezinhlelo ezinciphisa ingcindezi ngesikhathi sokucindezela ukuze zinciphise umzamo odingwa umqhubi lapho eqala injini.

Umcimbi wokushisa Umcimbi wokushisa (wokushisa) wenzeka lapho ishaja ivuthelwa futhi ivuthelwa ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ukuze kukhishwe amandla okushisa. Ukushisa kuyindlela yokusabela kwamakhemikhali okusheshayo kwe-oxidative lapho uphethiloli uhlangana ngamakhemikhali nomoya-mpilo womkhathi bese ukhipha amandla ngesimo sokushisa.

Ukushisa okufanele kuhilela isikhathi esifushane kodwa esilinganiselwe lapho ilangabi lisakazeka kulo lonke igumbi lokushisa. Inhlansi epulakini yenhlansi iqala ukusha lapho i-crankshaft ijikeleza cishe ngo-20° ngaphambi kwesikhungo esifile phezulu. I-oksijini yomoya kanye nomhwamuko kaphethiloli kudliwa yingaphambili lelangabi elihamba phambili. Ingaphambili lelangabi ludonga olusemngceleni oluhlukanisa ishaja nemikhiqizo engaphansi kokusha. Ingaphambili lelangabi lidlula ekamelweni lokushisa kuze kube yilapho lonke ishaja selishisiwe.

ukushaya kwamandla

I-power stroke yi-stroke yokusebenza kwenjini lapho amagesi ashisayo andayo ephoqa khona ikhanda le-piston kude nekhanda lesilinda. Amandla e-piston kanye nokunyakaza okulandelayo kudluliselwa ngenduku yokuxhuma ukuze kufakwe i-torque ku-crankshaft. I-torque esetshenzisiwe iqala ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Inani le-torque ekhiqizwayo linqunywa yingcindezi episton, usayizi we-piston kanye ne-stroke yenjini. Ngesikhathi se-power stroke, womabili ama-valve ayavalwa.

Ukushaya komoya ophumayoUkushaya komoya ophumayo kwenzeka lapho amagesi okukhipha umoya ekhishwa ekamelweni lokushisa bese ekhishwa aye emkhathini. Ukushaya komoya ophumayo kuyisifo sokugcina futhi kwenzeka lapho ivalvu yokukhipha umoya ivuleka futhi ivalvu yokungenisa ivala. Ukunyakaza kwepiston kukhipha amagesi okukhipha umoya emkhathini.

Uma i-piston ifika enkabeni efile engezansi ngesikhathi sokushaya ngamandla, ukushisa kuphelile futhi isilinda igcwele amagesi okukhipha. I-valve yokukhipha iyavuleka, bese i-inertia ye-flywheel nezinye izingxenye ezihambayo isunduza i-piston emuva enkabeni efile ephezulu, okuphoqa amagesi okukhipha ukuthi akhishwe nge-valve yokukhipha evulekile. Ekupheleni kokushaya kokukhipha, i-piston isendaweni efile ephezulu futhi umjikelezo wokusebenza uyaqedwa.