Zithini iistroke ezine zenjini yestroke ezine?

Zithini iistroke ezine zenjini yestroke ezine?

Injini yebhayisekile enezitroko ezine yinjini yokutsha yangaphakathi esebenzisa imijikelo emine eyahlukeneyo yepiston (intake, icompression, amandla kunye ne-exhaust) ukugqiba umjikelo wokusebenza. Ipiston igqibezela imijikelo emibini epheleleyo kwisilinda ukugqiba umjikelo wokusebenza. Umjikelo omnye wokusebenza ufuna i-crankshaft ijikeleze kabini, oko kukuthi, i-720°.

Iinjini ze-four-stroke cycle zezona zixhaphakileyo Injini EncinciInjini ene-stroke ezine igqiba ii-stroke ezintlanu kumjikelo omnye wokusebenza, kubandakanya i-intake stroke, i-compression stroke, i-ignition stroke, i-power stroke kunye ne-exhaust stroke.

Istroke yokungenisa

Isiganeko sokungenisa sibhekisa kwixesha apho umxube we-air-fuel ungeniswa ukuze uzalise igumbi lokutsha. Isiganeko sokungenisa senzeka xa i-piston isuka kwiziko eliphezulu elifileyo iye kwiziko elisezantsi elifileyo kwaye i-intake valve ivuleka. Ukuhamba kwe-piston ukuya kwiziko elisezantsi elifileyo kudala uxinzelelo oluphantsi kwi-cylinder. Uxinzelelo oluphakathi lomoya lunyanzela umxube we-air-fuel ungene kwi-cylinder nge-open intake valve ukuze kugcwaliswe indawo ephantsi yoxinzelelo edalwe yintshukumo ye-piston. I-cylinder iyaqhubeka nokuzalisa kancinci ngaphaya kwe-bottom dead center njengoko umxube we-air-fuel uqhubeka nokuhamba nge-inertia yawo kwaye i-piston iqala ukutshintsha indlela. Emva kwe-BDC, i-intake valve ihlala ivuliwe kangangeedigri ezimbalwa zokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Kuxhomekeke kuyilo lwenjini. I-intake valve iyavalwa kwaye umxube we-air-fuel uvalwe ngaphakathi kwi-cylinder.

Ukubetheka koxinzelelo Ukubetheka koxinzelelo lixesha apho umxube womoya-fuel ovalelweyo ucinezelwa ngaphakathi kwesilinda. Igumbi lokutsha livaliwe ukuze kudalwe itshaja. Ukutshaja ngumthamo womxube womoya-fuel ocinezelweyo ngaphakathi kwigumbi lokutsha ulungele ukutshaja. Ukucinezela umxube womoya-fuel kukhupha amandla amaninzi ngexesha lokutshaja. Iivalvu zokungenisa kunye nezokukhupha umoya kufuneka zivalwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba isilinda ivaliwe ukuze kubonelelwe ngokucinezelwa. Ukucinezela yinkqubo yokunciphisa okanye ukucinezela itshaja kwigumbi lokutsha ukusuka kumthamo omkhulu ukuya kumthamo omncinci. Ivili elijikelezayo linceda ukugcina umfutho ofunekayo ukuze kucinezelwe itshaja.

Xa i-piston yenjini icinezela itshaja, ukwanda kwamandla oxinzelelo anikezelwa ngumsebenzi owenziwe yi-piston kubangela ukuvelisa ubushushu. Ukucinezelwa nokufudunyezwa komphunga womoya-fuel kwitshaja kubangela ukunyuka kobushushu betshaja kunye nokunyuka komoya wefutha. Ukunyuka kobushushu betshaja kwenzeka ngokulinganayo kulo lonke igumbi lokutshaja ukuze kuveliswe ukutshaja okukhawulezayo (i-oxidation yamafutha) emva kokutshaja.

Ukufuma kwepetroli kuyanda xa amathontsi amancinci epetroli ephuma ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yobushushu obuveliswayo. Ukwanda kwendawo yomphezulu wamathontsi abonakaliswe kwilangatye lokutsha kuvumela ukutsha okupheleleyo kwetshaja kwigumbi lokutsha. Ngumphunga wepetroli kuphela oya kutsha. Ukwanda kwendawo yomphezulu wamathontsi kubangela ukuba ipetroli ikhuphe umphunga omninzi endaweni yokuba ihlale ilulwelo.

Okukhona iimolekyuli zomphunga ezitshajiweyo zicinezelwa, kokukhona kufunyanwa amandla amaninzi kwinkqubo yokutsha. Amandla afunekayo ukucinezela itshaja angaphantsi kakhulu kunengeniso yamandla eveliswa ngexesha lokutsha. Umzekelo, kwinjini eqhelekileyo encinci, amandla afunekayo ukucinezela itshaja yikota enye kuphela yamandla aveliswa ngexesha lokutsha.

Umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwenjini kukuthelekisa umthamo wegumbi lokutsha xa i-piston ikwiziko elingaphantsi elifileyo nomthamo wegumbi lokutsha xa i-piston ikwiziko eliphezulu elifileyo. Le ndawo, idibene noyilo kunye nesitayile segumbi lokutsha, imisela umlinganiselo woxinzelelo. Injini yepetroliIi-s zihlala zine-compression ratio ye-6 ukuya kwi-1 ukuya kwi-10 ukuya kwi-1. Okukhona i-compression ratio iphezulu, kokukhona injini ikwazi ukonga amafutha. I-compression ratio ephezulu idla ngokunyusa kakhulu uxinzelelo lokutsha okanye amandla asebenza kwi-piston. Nangona kunjalo, i-compression ratio ephezulu inyusa umgudu ofunekayo kumqhubi ukuqala injini. Ezinye ii-injini ezincinci zineenkqubo ezinciphisa uxinzelelo ngexesha le-compression stroke ukunciphisa umgudu ofunekayo kumqhubi xa eqalisa injini.

Isiganeko sokutshaIsiganeko sokutsha (sokutsha) senzeka xa itshaja itshajwa kwaye itshiswe ngokukhawuleza ngempendulo yeekhemikhali ukuze kukhutshwe amandla obushushu. Ukutsha yimpendulo yeekhemikhali ekhawulezayo ye-oxidative apho amafutha adibana neekhemikhali neoksijini yomoya aze akhuphe amandla ngendlela yobushushu.

Ukutsha okufanelekileyo kubandakanya ixesha elifutshane kodwa elilinganiselweyo apho ilangatye lisasazeka kulo lonke igumbi lokutsha. Intlantsi ekwiplagi yentlantsi iqala ukutsha xa i-crankshaft ijikeleza malunga nama-20° ngaphambi kokuba ifike embindini ofileyo ophezulu. Ioksijini yomoya kunye nomphunga wamafutha zityiwa licala elingaphambili lelangatye elihamba phambili. Icala elingaphambili lelangatye ludonga olunomda olwahlula itshaja kwimveliso engaphantsi kokutsha. Icala elingaphambili lelangatye lidlula kwigumbi lokutsha de itshaja yonke itshiswe.

ukubethelwa kwamandla

I-power stroke yi-injini esebenza ngayo i-injini apho iigesi ezishushu ezikhulayo zinyanzela intloko ye-piston ukuba isuke kwi-cylinder head. Amandla e-piston kunye nentshukumo elandelayo idluliselwa ngentonga yokudibanisa ukuze kufakwe i-torque kwi-crankshaft. I-torque esetyenzisiweyo iqala ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Ubungakanani be-torque eveliswayo bumiselwa luxinzelelo kwi-piston, ubungakanani be-piston kunye ne-stroke yenjini. Ngexesha le-power stroke, zombini ii-valve ziyavalwa.

Uxinzelelo lokukhupha umoyaUxinzelelo lokukhupha umoya lwenzeka xa iigesi zokukhupha umoya zikhutshwa kwigumbi lokutsha zize zikhutshwe ziye emoyeni. Uxinzelelo lokukhupha umoya luxinzelelo lokugqibela kwaye lwenzeka xa ivalvu yokukhupha umoya ivuleka kwaye ivalvu yokungenisa umoya ivala. Ukuhamba kwepiston kukhupha iigesi zokukhupha umoya ziye emoyeni.

Xa i-piston ifikelela embindini ongasentla ngexesha lokubetha ngamandla, ukutsha kugqityiwe kwaye isilinda izaliswe ziigesi zokukhupha umoya. Ivalvu yokukhupha umoya iyavuleka, kwaye i-inertia ye-flywheel kunye nezinye iindawo ezihambayo zityhala i-piston ibuyele embindini ongasentla, nto leyo enyanzelisa iigesi zokukhupha umoya ukuba zikhutshwe ngevalvu yokukhupha umoya evulekileyo. Ekupheleni kokubetha kokukhupha umoya, i-piston ikwimbindini ongasentla kwaye umjikelo wokusebenza ugqityiwe.