Ndezvipi zvinoitwa nemotokari ina dzinofamba netsoka ina?

Ndezvipi zvinoitwa nemotokari ina dzinofamba netsoka ina?

Injini yemabhasikoro mana Injini yekupisa mukati inoshandisa mapiston strokes mana akasiyana (intake, compression, power uye exhaust) kuti ipedzise cycle yekushanda. Piston inopedzisa mapiston maviri akakwana mu cylinder kuti ipedzise cycle yekushanda. cycle imwe chete yekushanda inoda kuti crankshaft itenderere kaviri, kureva, 720°.

Injini dzema "four-stroke cycle" ndidzo dzinonyanya kushandiswa Injini DikiInjini ine mastroke mana inopedzisa mastroke mashanu muchikamu chimwe chete chekushanda, kusanganisira intake stroke, compression stroke, ignition stroke, power stroke uye exhaust stroke.

Kurohwa kwemushonga wekudya

Chiitiko chekupinza mweya chinoreva nguva iyo musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta unoiswa kuti uzadze imba yekubatidza. Chiitiko chekupinza mweya chinoitika kana piston ichifamba kubva pakati pepamusoro kuenda pakati pepasi uye vharuvhu yekupinza mweya inovhurwa. Kufamba kwepiston kuenda pakati pepasi kunoita kuti pave nekumanikidzwa kwakaderera mu cylinder. Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunomanikidza musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta kupinda mu cylinder kuburikidza nevharuvhu yekupinza mweya yakavhurika kuti izadze nzvimbo yekumanikidzwa kwakaderera inogadzirwa nekufamba kwepiston. Cylinder inoramba ichizadza zvishoma kupfuura pakati pepasi sezvo musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta uchiramba uchiyerera nekusashanda kwayo uye piston inotanga kuchinja divi. Mushure meBDC, vharuvhu yekupinza mweya inoramba yakavhurika kwemadigiri mashoma ekutenderera kwe crankshaft. Zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kweinjini. Vharuvhu yekupinza mweya inobva yavhara uye musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta unovharwa mukati me cylinder.

Kudzvanya kwesimba. Kudzvanya kwesimba inguva iyo musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta wakavharirwa unodzvanywa mukati mesilinda. Kamuri yekupisa inovharwa kuti pave nekuchaja. Kuchaja ihuwandu hwemusanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta wakamanikidzwa mukati mekamuri yekupisa wakagadzirira kubatidzwa. Kudzvanya musanganiswa wemhepo-mafuta kunoburitsa simba rakawanda panguva yekupisa. Mavharuvhu ekupinda neokubuda anofanira kuvharwa kuitira kuti silinda yavharwa kuti ipe kudzvanya. Kudzvanya inzira yekuderedza kana kudzvanya chaja mukamuri yekupisa kubva pahuwandu hukuru kuenda pahuwandu hudiki. Chivharo chemhepo chinobatsira kuchengetedza simba rinodiwa kuti kudzvanya chaja.

Kana piston yeinjini ikadzvanya chaji, kuwedzera kwesimba rekudzvanya rinopihwa nebasa rinoitwa nepiston kunoita kuti pave nekudziya. Kudzvanywa nekudziya kwemweya-mafuta muchaji kunoita kuti pave nekudziya kwechaji uye kuwedzera kwekupisa kwemafuta. Kuwedzera kwekupisa kwechaji kunoitika zvakaenzana mukamuri rese rekupisa kuti pave nekubvira nekukurumidza (fuel oxidation) mushure mekubatidzwa.

Kupfuta kwemafuta kunowedzera kana madonhwe madiki emafuta achipfuta zvizere nekuda kwekupisa kunogadzirwa. Kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yemadonhwe anopfuta kumurazvo wemoto kunobvumira kupiswa kwakakwana kwechaji mukamuri yekubatidza. Utsi hwepeturu chete ndihwo huchabatidza. Kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yemadonhwe emafuta kunoita kuti peturu ibudise utsi hwakawanda pachinzvimbo chekuti irambe iri mvura.

Kana mamorekuru emhepo yakachajwa akanyanya kumanikidzwa, simba rakawanda rinowanikwa kubva mukupisa. Simba rinodiwa kudzvanya chaji ishoma pane kuwedzera kuri kuitwa panguva yekutsva. Semuenzaniso, muinjini diki yakajairika, simba rinodiwa kudzvanya chaji ichikamu chimwe chete muzvina chesimba rinogadzirwa panguva yekutsva.

Chiyero chekumanikidzwa kweinjini kuenzanisa vhoriyamu yekamuri yekubatidza kana piston iri pakati pepasi nevhoriyamu yekamuri yekubatidza kana piston iri pakati pepamusoro. Nzvimbo iyi, pamwe chete nedhizaini uye maitiro ekamuri yekubatidza, ndiyo inosarudza chiyero chekumanikidzwa. Injini yePeturus inowanzova nechiyero chekudzvanywa kwe6 kusvika 1 kusvika 10 kusvika 1. Kana chiyero chekudzvanywa chakakwira, injini inoshandisa mafuta zvakanyanya. Chiyero chekudzvanywa chakakwira chinowanzo wedzera zvakanyanya kumanikidzwa kwekupiswa kana simba rinoshanda papiston. Zvisinei, chiyero chekudzvanywa chakakwira chinowedzera simba rinodiwa nemushandi kuti atange injini. Mamwe mainjini madiki ane masisitimu anoderedza kudzvanywa panguva yekudzvanywa kwesimba kuti aderedze simba rinodiwa nemushandi paanotanga injini.

Chiitiko chekubatidzaChiitiko chekubatidza (kupisa) chinoitika kana chaji yabatidzwa uye ikakurumidzirwa kuoxidized kuburikidza nekuita kwemakemikari kuti ibudise simba rinopisa. Kubatidza ichiitiko chemakemikari chinokurumidza kuoxidative umo mafuta anosangana neokisijeni yemumhepo uye anoburitsa simba muchimiro chekupisa.

Kupisa kwakakodzera kunosanganisira nguva pfupi asi yakaganhurirwa apo murazvo unopararira mukamuri rese rekupisa. Chinopenya chiri papuragi yekupisa chinotanga kupisa kana crankshaft ichitenderera anenge 20° pamberi penzvimbo yakafa yepamusoro. Okisijeni yemumhepo nehutsi hwemafuta zvinopedzwa nemberi kwemurazvo uri kumberi. Mberi kwemurazvo ndiwo madziro emuganhu anoparadzanisa chaji kubva kune zvinobuda mukupisa. Mberi kwemurazvo kunopfuura nepakati pekamuri rekupisa kusvika chaji yese yapiswa.

stroke yesimba

Simba remagetsi ndiro simba remagetsi rinoita kuti injini ishande apo magasi anopisa anomanikidza musoro wepiston kubva pamusoro wesilinda. Simba repiston nekufamba kunotevera zvinopfuudzwa netsvimbo yekubatanidza kuti ishandise simba remagetsi pa crankshaft. Simba remagetsi rinotanga kutenderera kwe crankshaft. Huwandu hwesimba rinogadzirwa hunoenderana nekumanikidzwa kuri papiston, saizi yepiston uye simba remagetsi reinjini. Munguva yesimba remagetsi, mavharuvhu ese ari maviri anovharwa.

Kurohwa neExhaust Kurohwa neExhaust kunoitika kana magasi eexhaust abudiswa mukamuri rekupisa obva aburitswa mumhepo. Kurohwa neExhaust ndiko kurohwa kwekupedzisira uye kunoitika kana vharuvhu yekubuda ichivhurwa uye vharuvhu yekupinza ichivharika. Kufamba kwepiston kunoburitsa magasi eexhaust mumhepo.

Kana piston yasvika pakati pepasi pemvura panguva yekushanda nesimba, kutsva kunenge kwapera uye silinda inozadzwa nemagasi eutsi. Vharuvhu yekubuda inovhurika, uye kusagadzikana kwevhiri remhepo nezvimwe zvikamu zvinofamba zvinosundira piston kumashure kunzvimbo yepamusoro yeutsi, zvichimanikidza magasi eutsi kuti abudiswe nevharuvhu yakavhurika. Pakupera kwekubuda, piston inenge iri pakati pepamusoro pemvura uye kutenderera kwebasa kunopera.