He aha ngā tīwiri hiko me te pehea te whiriwhiri i a rātou

Kāore he momo mamau haumaru i roto i te tīwiri hiko, nō reira he māmā te hanganga mīhini, he watea te tukatuka, ā, he iti te utu.

(1) Momo whakahaere kore-taipana

He taputapu whakaweto aunoa tēnei. Ko te kaiwhakahaere anake te tangata e whakatau ana mēnā kua oti te huihuinga miro, ahakoa kāore. Me aro te kaiwhakahaere ki te tirotiro i te tukanga whakahaere. Ahakoa he uaua, he nui hoki te mahi, kāore e taea te kī taurangi te kounga o te huihuinga. Ina whakaū te kaiwhakahaere kua oti te huihuinga, ka momotuhia e ia te hiko hei whakaoti i te mahi. Heoi, nā te pānga o te kaha hurihuri i muri i te motuhanga hiko, ka pakaru pinepine te awaawa whakawhiti, te mokowā rānei; ki te kore te kaiwhakahaere e tupato, ka ngāwari te pēhi i te motuka mō te wā roa, ka whakaiti i te roa o te ora o te motuka me te pana o te taputapu. I whakamahia tēnei momo taputapu mō ngā tīwiri rakau he nui te horapa i ngā rā o mua, ā, kaua e tere te porowhita. Nō nā tata nei, kāore i te whakamahia. Rauemi whakakī pēke moe

Ahakoa ko ngā rauemi whakakī o ngā pēke moe ko te huruhuru hipi me te miro, mai i te tirohanga o te pupuri mahana, he pai ake te pupuri mahana o te huruhuru hipi, he mama, he ngāwari ki te whakapiko me te penapena, ā, koia te mea tino pakari. Nō reira, i konei ka whakauruhia e mātou ngā rauemi huruhuru hipi.

Ko te huruhuru hipi tonu te rauemi pai rawa atu mō ngā pēke moe tae noa ki tēnei wā. Ko te huruhuru hipi te nuinga o te wā (hina, mā), he huruhuru hipi kūtai, he huruhuru parera rānei (i te nuinga o te wā, he pai ake te huruhuru hipi kūtai i te huruhuru parera). Ko tōna mahi ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo me te tuanui o te huruhuru hipi e whakamahia ana.

I roto i te rangahau, i kitea e mātou ko ētahi kaiwhakamahi kāore e aro ki te kounga e whakamahi ana i tētahi Wiri Hiko me te mata porowhita hei whakakotahi i ngā tīwiri rakau i runga i ngā taputapu pahi. Ahakoa he iti te utu o te taputapu, kāore e taea te whakahaere i te kounga o te huihuinga nā te tere rawa o te wiri hiko, ka hua ake he para. I tere te puta o te rapu utu: i tere te waikura o ngā pane tīwiri (nā te mea i pakaru te paninga awaawa i te tīwiri); i tapahia ngā kākahu o ngā pāhihi e ngā pane tīwiri (nā te mea kāore ētahi pane tīwiri i tino noho, ā, he teitei ake i te mea mahi); i peke atu ngā rīpene whakapaipai whakarewa, i taka atu rānei (kua tino kuiti ētahi tīwiri, ā, ka pakaru te hononga); kua wetekina te rīpene kakau, kua tuwhera rānei (ka pakaru ētahi hononga). Ka pāngia ēnei e te hunga e eke pahi ana me ngā pahi iti.

(2) Momo whakahaere taipana aukati

He taputapu anō hoki tēnei e kore e momotu aunoa i te pūtake hiko. He teitei te ngaohiko, he nui te ia aukati, ā, he nui anō hoki te taipana aukati. I muri i te whakahekenga o te taputapu, he nui anō hoki te taipana huihuinga putanga, ā, he rite tonu. Ko te whakaaro hoahoa o 'Ko te tikanga o tēnei momo tīwiri hiko he whakamahi i tētahi whakawhiti hiko whakaheke-whakaheke hei whakatū i ētahi atu taputapu me te whakarite i te ngaohiko hei whakarite i te taipana huihuinga. Kei te hangaia tonutia tēnei hua i roto i te motu. Ko ngā take e whai ake nei e whakaatu ana he tauira tawhito, kāore hoki i te hiahiatia.

① I tētahi ngaohiko motuhake, kāore te taipana aukati o te motuka e pumau. E rua ngā take. Ko te tuatahi, ka piki te takai o te motuka me te pāmahana. I raro i te aukati poto-wā, ka nui te pikinga o te pāmahana o te takai, nō reira he tino rerekē te ia aukati, ā, he rerekē hoki te taipana aukati; ko te tuarua, ka piki te takai o te motuka me te pāmahana. Ko te taipana aukati o te motuka whakawhitiwhiti e pā ana ki te tūranga rotor i te wā e aukati ana. Ina kei waenganui i ngā wāhanga whakawhitiwhiti e rua te paraihe, ka porowhitahia tetahi wāhanga takai e te paraihe, ā, kāore he taipana e puta. Engari, ina kāore he wāhanga whakawhitiwhiti e porowhitahia ana e te paraihe, ka mahi ngā wāhanga takai katoa ki te whakaputa taipana. Nō reira, ka kitea ko te maha o ngā pereti whakawhitiwhiti o te motuka, ka iti ake te pānga o ngā tūranga rotor rerekē ki te taipana aukati i te wā e aukati ana. Engari, ko ngā tīwiri hiko te tikanga he motuka iti DC aukume tuturu. Kāore e taea e te rotor te whai i ngā mokowā maha, ā, he maha ngā mata commutator e whakamahia ana (e toru ngā mokowā me ngā mata e toru i whakamahia i ngā rā o mua, ā, e rima ngā mokowā me ngā mata e rima i whakamahia i muri mai. I ēnei rā, e whitu ngā mokowā me ngā mata e whitu e whakamahia ana i tāwāhi. , e whitu ngā mokowā me ngā wāhanga tekau mā whā hei whakaiti i te pao o te taipana). Tāpiri atu ki te manawanui ngaohiko 10% o ngā taxi hiko ahumahi, he tino uaua ki te whakahaere i te taipana pumau me tēnei tikanga, arā, he tino ngoikore te tika o te whakahaere taipana.

② Ehara te auau o te aukati i te āhua mahi noa o ngā motuka iti aukume tuturu DC. Ka puta he wera rerekē o te motuka, ā, ka whakapoto i tōna ora. Ina koa mēnā ka roa te wā aukati e te kaiwhakahaere, ka nui ake te pānga. ③ Mā te momotu i te pana hiko i te wā e pēhi ana te motuka ka tino whakapoto i te roa o te wā o te pana. Nā te nui o te iahiko i te wā e pēhi ana, he nui te kaha aukume e rongoa ana i roto i te inductor takai. Ina momotuhia, ka tukuna tēnei kaha i waenga i ngā hononga hei pewa. Puta mai, wetekina ngā hononga, ka whakarewahia i ngā wā tino kino.

④ Nā te mea he tino iti te tere o te motuka i mua tata tonu o te aukati, he iti te whai huatanga o tēnei momo tīwiri hiko. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei momo tīwiri hiko mō ngā āhuatanga hononga momo A, B, C me E kāore i te tino uaua. He momo hononga D i roto i te Mc》Maunga

Kei te wātea hoki ngā āhuatanga hononga.

(3) Tīwiri hiko e whakahaeretia ana e te au

He taputapu tēnei e momotu aunoa ana i te pūtake hiko. I runga i te whanaungatanga e rite ana i waenga i te taipana hikohiko o te motuka me te ia o te motuka, ka whakatūria he tikanga whakahaere hei whakahaere i te taipana huihuinga o te tīwiri hiko mā te whakatakoto i te uara ia o te motuka. Ko tēnei momo tīwiri hiko te hua matua o mua i Haina, engari kua tata kore e hangaia i ēnei rā nā te mea he tino ngoikore tana mahi whakahaere. Kāore e taea e te tangata te kore e whakaaro: He aha i tino whai hua ai tēnei tikanga whakahaere mō ngā kī taipana pumau? Kua hangaia, kua whakamahia hoki tēnei hua, ā, ka taea e te tika o te whakahaere taipana te eke ki ±5% FS; he aha ngā tīwiri hiko kua kawemaihia mai nei he momo whakahaere anō hoki o nāianei. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ko te mea nui ko te mea i muri i te motuhanga hiko, ka hurihia te mahi a te pūnaha hurihuri o te tīwiri hiko hei taipana tāpiri kāore e taea te whakahaere, e whai wāhi nui ana ki tēnei. Nā te mea kia pai ake ai te mahi, he iti te ōwehenga tere o te whakaiti o te tīwiri hiko, ā, kia pai ai te whakakaha i tētahi taipana, kaua e iti rawa te mana o te motuka (i muri i te huringa, he 1500N·Ko te mana whakatauranga o te kī taipana pumau m e hiahiatia ana he tata ki te 0.3W, ko te tīwiri hiko M4 ia e hiahiatia ana he tata ki te 8W hei whakaputa i te IN·(m taipana). Nō reira, he nui te kaha hurihuri toharite e mau ana i te wā huihuinga waeine, nō reira he nui anō hoki te taipana kāore e taea te whakahaere. Ko te otinga ko te whakamahi tonu i te aukati tere e pau ana te kaha ki te motuka i muri i te taenga o te taipana ki te pūwāhi me te tapahi i te pūtake hiko. I tēnei wā, ka mahi te motuka hei Pūkaha, ka huri i te nuinga o te kaha nekeneke o te pūnaha hurihuri ki te kaha hiko, ā, ka pau i te whakamahana o te ātete, ka kore e taea te whakahaere i te mana. Mā te whakahaere i te taipana tāpiri ka whakapai ake i te whānuitanga whakahaere me te tika o te whakahaere. Inaa, ka whakamahia e ngā tīwiri hiko whakahaere-auau a Daniker (tae atu ki ngā tīwiri hiko aukati-aunoa mamau haumaru tino tika kua whakahuatia i muri mai) tēnei mahi hei whakatutuki i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere huihuinga pai. He whānui ake te whānuitanga whakahaere tata o tēnei tīwiri hiko whakahaere-auau kua whakapaitia, ā, he nui ake te tika o te whakahaere tata. He pai mō ngā āhuatanga huihuinga o ngā tīwiri A, B, C, me E me ngā whakaritenga teitei ake, ā, he pai hoki mō ngā tīwiri e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga Mc》Ngā āhuatanga o te huihuinga momo-Mt D.

Momo mamau haumaru

I te nuinga o te wā ka tāutahia he tikanga mamau haumaru ki te pito tere-iti o te mekameka tuku hiko. Ina nui ake te taipana tuku (arā, te taipana huihuinga) i tōna uara tautuhinga, ka whati te mamau. He maha ngā momo mamau haumaru, tae atu ki ngā mamau waku e tika ana mō tīwiri hiko (i whakamahia i ngā rā o mua, engari kua onge te whakamahinga i ēnei rā nā te ngāwari o te mau, te wera, me te mahi kore pumau), ngā mamau haumaru momo-niho, ngā mamau haumaru momo-pōro, me ngā mamau haumaru momo-roera. mamau. Nā ngā hiahia me te ahunga whakamua o te hoahoa hanganga, he maha ngā momo tīwiri hiko tūturu (hei tauira, ko ētahi kāore e whakanoho i te mamau ki runga i te pou engari ki runga i te taputapu mowhiti o roto, ā, ka whakamahia te taipana tauhohenga hei whakatutuki i te mahi mamau haumaru), ā, he maha rawa ngā mea hei whakahua. . Engari ko te ahunga whanaketanga whānui ko te whakaiti, te whakangawari, te whakapai ake me te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā niho whatunga (pōro, roera) hei whakaiti i te taipana pānga tāpiri, te whakapai ake i te tika o te huihuinga, te whakanui ake i te roa o te mamau, me te whakaiti i te wiri i te pūwāhi pa i waenga i te kaiwhakahaere me te pane taputapu mahi. . Ko ētahi hua e tae atu ana ki te 24 ngā wahi, ā, ko te tikanga ka whakanui ake i te kawenga mahi tukatuka. Ka taea te wehewehe i aua taputapu ki ngā kāwai e whai ake nei i runga i ō rātou mātāpono, mahi, me ngā āhuatangangā

(1) Momo mamau āki

He taputapu whakaweto hiko kore-aunoa. Ko te pēhanga i waenga i ngā haurua mamau hohe me ngā haurua mamau taraiwa ko te pēhanga tuaka e tukuna ana e te kaiwhakahaere ki te tīwiri hiko. Nō reira, ki te nui te pēhanga tuaka e whakamahia ana, ka nui te taipana takahuri mamau, ā, ka nui hoki te taipana huihuinga tīwiri. Waihoki. Me tino mōhio, ina kore te pēhanga tuaka e tangohia i muri i te takahuri, ā, kāore te pūtake hiko e motuhia, ka mau tonu te mamau, ka takahuri anō, ka hua ake he pānga me ngā āhuatanga taipana whakakīkī tāpiri. Nō reira, ko te hua o te huihuinga e whakawhirinaki katoa ana ki ngā pūkenga o te kaiwhakahaere, nō reira he pai anake mō ngā āhuatanga huihuinga momo A, B, C, E me te kore e hiahiatia he whakaritenga tika. Heoi, mō ngā āhuatanga huihuinga momo-D me te momo-F o Mt > Mc, mena he nui te wheako me te kawenga o te kaiwhakahaere, he pai tēnei momo taputapu.

(2) Momo mamau ārai whakarerekētanga

He taputapu whakaweto hiko kore-aunoa. Ka whakamahia e te hanganga te pēhanga o te puna pēhanga whakarerekē hei whakakapi i te pēhanga tuaka kua whakahuatia ake nei e te kaiwhakahaere, kia taea ai te whiwhi i te taipana whakataka whakarerekē. Heoi, he pai ake te auau me te whakarerekētanga o tōna taipana whakataka i ērā o te mamau ā-kaha, ā, kāore e puta he wiri tuaka kaha o te taputapu i te wā e whakataka ana. Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te kaha o te mahi a te kaiwhakahaere, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te kino ki te mokowā, ki te mokowā whakawhiti rānei me tōna paninga nā te wiri o te pane tīwiri. Nō reira, mena ka mutu te waka e te kaiwhakahaere i te wā e whakataka ana te mamau, ā, ka whakaitihia te pānga o te taipana pānga tāpiri o te mamau, ka taea te whiwhi i te taipana huihuinga pumau e tata ana ki te taipana whakataka. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi mō te huihuinga miro momo-A, B, C, me te E me ētahi whakaritenga tika o te taipana huihuinga. Me mārama ko te tika o te taipana whakataka me te taipana huihuinga e whakawhirinaki ana ehara i te mea ki ngā tawhā hoahoa o te taputapu anake engari ki te taumata whakahaere a te kaiwhakahaere. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau mēnā ka puritia te taputapu i roto i te āhua mau pūmau mō te wā roa, ka taea e te taipana huihuinga te eke ki te 2-3 ngā wā o te taipana takahuri. Nō reira, ko te kounga o te huihuinga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūkenga o te kaiwhakahaere. Ka taea hoki e ngā kaiwhakahaere taumata teitei te huihui i ngā āhuatanga huihuinga momo-D o Mc>Mt, ā, ka taea hoki e rātou te whakamahi i te wehenga auau.

Ka honoa ki ngā pikinga wā tāpiri hei whakakotahi i ngā hononga me ngā āhuatanga momo F. ​​Ko te tikanga, ka tere ake te mau o te mamau, ā, ka whakaitihia te whai huatanga o te huihuinga.

Ka taea te wehewehe i tēnei momo tīwiri hiko ki te momo whakatikatika ā-roto me te momo whakatikatika ā-waho e ai ki te tikanga whakatikatika o te pēhanga puna. He tino māmā te momo whakatikatika ā-roto, engari he uaua ki te whakatuwhera i tētahi wāhanga o te taupoki o te mīhini mahi i te wā e whakatikatika ana i te pēhanga puna, nō reira kua onge te whakamahinga. Heoi, kei te whakamahia whānuitia tonutia tēnei hanganga i roto i ngā tīwiri hiko kotahi-wāhanga i hangaia i te motu. Kei waho o te taupoki te nati whakatikatika puna o te momo whakatikatika o waho, ā, ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere te huri ngāwari hei whakarerekē i te pēhanga puna hei whakarerekē i te taipana takahuri. I ngā tau tata nei, ko ngā tīwiri hiko aukume tuturu i hangaia i te motu, inā koa ko ngā tīwiri hiko pākahiko i hangaia nuitia, kua whakamahia whānuitia tēnei momo.

Momo mamau whakaweto mana whakarerekē

He taputapu tēnei e momotu aunoa ana i te pūtake hiko. I runga i te mamau ārai whakarerekētanga kua whakahuatia ake nei, ka whakamahia ngā pūoko tūnga pēnei i ngā pana rohe me ngā whakawhiti Hall whakawhiti hiko whakaahua hei kite i te nekehanga tuaka o te mamau i te wā e tūtuki ana, ā, ka hurihia hei tohu hiko, ka akiaki i te ara iahiko mahi kia motuhia te motuka. Tukuna te iahiko, ā, tere te aukati i te pūngao kia kore ai te mamau e whakaputa taipana tāpiri i puta mai i ngā pānga mamau maha, kia rite tonu te taipana huihuinga ki te taipana tūtuki, ā, ka eke te auautanga o te taipana huihuinga ki te ±3% ki te ±5%. Nō reira, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga huihuinga o A, B, C, D (Mc> Mt), E me ētahi atu momo miro me ngā whakaritenga tino tika. I ngā rā o mua, ko ngā ara iahiko mahi o runga ake nei te nuinga o te wā i whakamahi i ngā ara iahiko whakawhiti māmā. Nō nā tata nei, kua whakamahia ngā ara iahiko hiko mana. He tere te wā urupare o tēnei whakamutunga, kāore he hononga, nō reira he pai te mahi me te pono teitei.

Me pēhea te whiriwhiria he tīwiri hiko

Nā te kanorau o ngā wā whakamahinga me ngā wāhanga mahi, kua whakatauhia kia rerekē ngā momo hanganga o ngā tīwiri hiko hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rerekē. Koinei te raruraru whiriwhiri i roto i te tukanga whakawhanake i ngā tīwiri hiko me whakatau. Engari, mō tētahi kaiwhakamahi motuhake, me whiriwhiri me pēhea te hoko tika i āna ake taputapu huihuinga mai i ngā momo tīwiri hiko rerekē mai i ngā tirohanga o te wātea, te ohanga, te whaitake, me ētahi atu, i runga i tana ake wāhi mahi me ngā āhuatanga o ngā wāhanga hei huihui.

I runga i te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi mahi, tae atu ki ngā wā whakamahinga a te kaiwhakamahi, ko ngā tīwiri hiko momo pākahiko te tikanga e whakamahia ana mō ngā wāhi kāinga me ngā wāhi ahumahi kāore he hiko; mō ngā tīwiri hiko he nui ake te mana me te taipana nui ake, he mea tito mai i ngā motuka raupapa, mō te maha o ngā. Mō te whakamahinga pokapū, whakamahia he tīwiri hiko iti-ngaohiko me te pūtake hiko pokapū. Mō te whakamahinga marara, whakamahia he tīwiri hiko iti-ngaohiko takitahi, he tīwiri hiko "ngaohiko teitei" rānei. He mea tino nui te whiriwhiri tauira mō te rangahau, te hoahoa me ngā kaihanga. Mā te whiriwhiri tauira tika ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaiwhakamahi rerekē me te iti ake o ngā momo hua, ā, ka eke ki ngā painga ōhanga me te pāpori teitei ake; Engari, he mea tino tika kia whiriwhiria e ngā kaiwhakamahi ngā momo tīwiri hiko rerekē kia rite ki ō rātou ake wā whakamahinga me ngā āhuatanga huihuinga rauemi mahi. Mā te hoko hē ka kore e tutuki te haumi i te hua e hiahiatia ana, ka maumauria rānei nā te mea kāore e taea te whakamahi i runga i ōna ake wāhanga. Hei whakatutuki i tēnei, ehara i te mea me hoahoa noa ngā hua kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga huihuinga miro rerekē, engari me whakapakari hoki i te rongonui o te mōhiotanga kaiwhakamahi i tēnei mara.