Ziyini izikulufi zikagesi nokuthi ungazikhetha kanjani

Akukho clutch yokuphepha yanoma yiluphi uhlobo ku isikulufi sikagesi, ngakho-ke isakhiwo semishini silula, ukucubungula kulula, futhi izindleko ziphansi.

(1) Uhlobo lokulawula okungeyona i-torque

Leli ithuluzi lokucima ugesi elingelona ele-othomathikhi. Ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwentambo kuqediwe noma cha kunqunywa ngumuntu osebenzayo. Umsebenzisi kufanele agxile ekubukeni inqubo yokusebenza. Nakuba umsebenzi unzima futhi udinga umsebenzi omningi, ikhwalithi yokuhlanganiswa ayinakuqinisekiswa. Lapho umsebenzi eqinisekisa ngumuntu osebenzayo ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kuqediwe, unqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla ukuze aqedele umsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomthelela wamandla okujikeleza ngemva kokuphela kukagesi, umsele noma imbobo ewelayo ivame ukulimala; uma umsebenzi enganakile, kulula ukuthi imoto ibhuleki isikhathi eside, okunciphisa impilo yemoto kanye neswishi yethuluzi. Lolu hlobo lwethuluzi lwalusetshenziselwa izikulufo zokhuni ezinokusabalala okukhulu ezinsukwini zokuqala, futhi ijubane le-spindle akufanele libe phezulu. Muva nje, alisetshenziswanga ngokuyisisekelo. Izinto zokugcwalisa isikhwama sokulala

Nakuba izinto zokugcwalisa zezikhwama zokulala zifaka phakathi i-down kanye nekotini, ngokombono wokugcina ukushisa, i-down inokugcina ukushisa okungcono, ilula, kulula ukuyigoqa nokuyigcina, futhi ihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngakho-ke lapha sethula kakhulu izinto zokubeka phansi.

I-Down iseseyizinto zokuvikela ezingcono kakhulu zezikhwama zokulala kuze kube manje. Izinto eziphansi ngokuvamile (ezimpunga, ezimhlophe) i-goose down noma i-duck down (ngokuvamile, i-goose down ingcono kune-duck down). Ukusebenza kwayo kuncike ohlotsheni kanye nophahla lwe-down esetshenzisiwe.

Ngesikhathi socwaningo, sithole ukuthi abanye abasebenzisi abanganaki ikhwalithi basebenzisa i- Umshini Wokubhoboza Ugesi nge-spiral bit yokuhlanganisa izikulufo zokhuni ezinsizakalweni zebhasi. Nakuba izindleko zaleli thuluzi ziphansi, ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa ayikwazi ukulawulwa ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu se-drill kagesi, okwaholela emikhiqizweni engcolile. Impindiselo yabonakala ngokushesha: amakhanda ezikulufo agqwala ngokushesha (ngoba ungqimba lomsele lonakaliswe yi-screwdriver); izingubo zabagibeli zanqunywa amakhanda ezikulufo (ngoba amanye amakhanda ezikulufo ayengahleli ngokuphelele futhi ayephakeme kune-workpiece); imichilo yensimbi yokuhlobisa yagxuma Noma iyawa (amanye ama-screw aqiniswe kakhulu futhi uxhumano luyahluleka); i-handle lever ikhululekile noma ivuleka (okunye uxhumano luyahluleka). Konke lokhu kubonwa ngabantu abavame ukugibela amabhasi namabhasi.

(2) Uhlobo lokulawula i-torque yebhuleki

Futhi iyithuluzi elingawunqamuli ngokuzenzakalelayo ugesi. I-voltage iphezulu, ugesi wokubhuleka mkhulu, kanye ne-torque yokubhuleka nayo inkulu. Ngemva kokuba igiya selinciphile, i-torque yokuhlanganisa okuphumayo nayo inkulu, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Umqondo wokuklama we .Lolu hlobo lwe-screwdriver kagesi luwukusebenzisa i-step-down transformer ukusetha ama-tap amaningi nokulungisa i-voltage ukulungisa i-torque yokuhlanganisa. Lo mkhiqizo usakhiqizwa ngaphakathi ezweni. Izizathu ezilandelayo zibonisa ukuthi uyimodeli ebuyela emuva futhi engathandeki.

① Ku-voltage ethile, i-torque yokubhuleka yemoto ayiguquki. Kunezizathu ezimbili. Esinye ukuthi ukugoqa kwemoto kuyanda ngokushisa. Ngaphansi kokubhuleka kwesikhathi esifushane okuphindaphindiwe, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kokugoqa kushintsha kakhulu, ngakho-ke ugesi wokubhuleka nawo uhlukile kakhulu, futhi i-torque yokubhuleka nayo ihlukile; esesibili ukuthi ukugoqa kwemoto kuyanda ngokushisa. Yi-torque yokubhuleka yemoto ye-commutator ehlobene nesimo se-rotor ngesikhathi sokubhuleka. Uma ibhulashi liphakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili ze-commutator, into eyodwa yokugoqa ifinyezwa yibhulashi futhi akukho torque ekhiqizwayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma kungekho sigaba se-commutator esifinyezwa yibhulashi, zonke izinto zokugoqa zisebenza ukukhiqiza i-torque. Ngakho-ke, kungabonakala ukuthi uma amapuleti e-commutator amaningi emoto, kulapho umthelela wezikhundla ezahlukene ze-rotor ku-torque yokubhuleka ngesikhathi sokubhuleka uba mncane khona. Ngeshwa, ama-screwdriver kagesi ngokuvamile asebenzisa ama-motor amancane e-DC ahlala njalo. I-rotor ayikwazi ukuba nezikhala eziningi futhi isebenzisa ama-commutator blades amaningi (izikhala ezintathu nama-blades amathathu kwasetshenziswa ezinsukwini zokuqala, kanti izikhala ezinhlanu nama-blades amahlanu kwasetshenziswa kamuva. Namuhla, izikhala eziyisikhombisa nama-blades ayisikhombisa asetshenziswa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. , kunezikhala eziyisikhombisa nezingcezu eziyishumi nane zokunciphisa ukushaya kwe-torque). Kuhambisana nokubekezelelana kwama-voltage angu-10% kwamatekisi kagesi ezimboni, kunzima kakhulu ukulawula i-torque engaguquki ngale ndlela, okungukuthi, ukunemba kokulawula i-torque kubi kakhulu.

② Ukubhuleka njalo akusona isimo esijwayelekile sokusebenza kwama-motor amancane e-DC ahlala njalo asebenza njalo. Kuzobangela ukushisa okungajwayelekile kwemoto futhi kufinyeze impilo yayo. Ikakhulukazi uma umqhubi enweba isikhathi sokubhuleka ngamabomu noma ngokungahlosile, umthelela uzoba mubi kakhulu. ③ Ukunqamula inkinobho yamandla lapho injini ibhuleka kuzofinyeza kakhulu impilo yenkinobho. Ngenxa yokuthi ugesi mkhulu ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, amandla kazibuthe agcinwe ku-inductor ejikelezayo makhulu. Uma enqanyuliwe, la mandla akhishwa phakathi koxhumana nabo ngesimo se-arc. Phuma, susa oxhumana nabo, bese ubancibilikisa ezimweni ezinzima.

④ Njengoba injini isebenza ngesivinini esiphansi kakhulu ngaphambi nje kokubhuleka, ukusebenza kahle kwalolu hlobo lwe-screwdriver kagesi ngokuvamile kuphansi. Lolu hlobo lwe-screwdriver kagesi lungasetshenziswa ezicini zokuxhuma zohlobo A, B, C kanye no-E ezingenzima. I-couplet yohlobo D ku-Mc》INtaba

Izakhiwo zokuxhuma nazo ziyatholakala.

(3) Isikulufi sikagesi esilawulwayo samanje

Iyithuluzi elinqamula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunikezwa kwamandla. Ngokusekelwe ebuhlotsheni obuhambisanayo phakathi kwe-torque kagesi yemoto kanye nogesi wemoto, kwakhiwa indlela yokulawula ukulawula i-torque yokuhlanganisa ye-screwdriver kagesi ngokubeka inani lamanje lemoto. Lolu hlobo lwe-screwdriver kagesi lwaluwumkhiqizo oyinhloko wokuqala eShayina, kodwa cishe alusakhiqizwa muva nje ngoba umsebenzi walo wokulawula mubi kakhulu. Abantu abakwazi ukuzibamba kodwa bazibuze: Kungani le ndlela yokulawula iwusizo kangaka kuma-wrenches e-torque aqinile? Lo mkhiqizo ukhiqizwe futhi wasetshenziswa, futhi ukunemba kokulawula i-torque kungafinyelela ±5% FS; kungani izikulufi zikagesi ezisanda kungeniswa nazo ziluhlobo lokulawula lwamanje. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi isihluthulelo siseqinisweni lokuthi ngemva kokuphela kukagesi, umsebenzi wesistimu ejikelezayo yesikulufi sikagesi uguqulwa ube yi-torque eyengeziwe engalawuleki, ebangela ingxenye enkulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, isilinganiso sejubane sesinciphisi sesikulufi sikagesi sincane, futhi ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-torque ethile yokuqinisa, amandla enjini ahlobene awakwazi ukuba mancane kakhulu (ngemuva kokuguqulwa, i-1500N·I-wrench ye-torque egxilile engu-m idinga kuphela amandla alinganiselwe angu-0.3W, kuyilapho i-screwdriver kagesi ye-M4 idinga amandla alinganiselwe angu-8W ukuze ikhiqize i-IN·i-torque engu-m). Ngakho-ke, amandla ajwayelekile okujikeleza athwalwa yi-unit assembly moment makhulu, ngakho-ke i-torque eyengeziwe engalawuleki nayo inkulu. Isixazululo ukufaka ngokushesha ibhuleki elisebenzisa amandla elisheshayo ku-motor ngemva kokuba i-torque ifinyelele iphuzu bese inqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-motor isebenza njenge- Ijeneretha, ukuguqula iningi lamandla e-kinetic ohlelo olujikelezayo abe amandla kagesi futhi asetshenziswe ekushiseni kwe-resistor, ngaleyo ndlela kwenza ukulawula kungalawuleki. Ukulawula i-torque eyengeziwe kuthuthukisa ububanzi bokulawula kanye nokunemba kokulawula. Eqinisweni, izikulufi zikagesi ezilawulwa ngogesi ze-Daniker (kufaka phakathi izikulufi zikagesi ezizimisayo zokuphepha eziphezulu okukhulunywe ngazo kamuva) zithatha lesi sinyathelo ukuze zifinyelele izici ezinhle zokulawula umhlangano. Lesi sikulufi sikagesi esilawulwa ngogesi esithuthukisiwe sinebanga lokulawula elibanzi ngokushesha kanye nokunemba okuphezulu kokulawula ngokushesha. Sifanele izici zokuhlanganisa izikulufi ze-A, B, C, kanye ne-E ezinezidingo eziphakeme, futhi sifanelekile nezikulufi ezihambisana ne-Mc》Izici zokuhlanganiswa kohlobo lwe-Mt D.

Uhlobo lwe-clutch yokuphepha

Ngokuvamile kufakwa indlela yokubopha i-safety clutch ekugcineni kwesivinini esiphansi se-electric screwdriver transmission chain. Uma i-transmission torque (okungukuthi i-assembly torque) idlula inani layo lokusetha, i-clutch izokhubeka. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-safety clutch, kufaka phakathi ama-friction clutches afaneleka izikulufi zikagesi (ezazisetshenziswa ezinsukwini zokuqala, kodwa manje azivamile ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuguga okulula, ukushisa, kanye nokusebenza okungazinzile), ama-clutch okuphepha ohlobo lwamazinyo, ama-clutch okuphepha ohlobo lwebhola, kanye nama-clutch okuphepha ohlobo lwe-roller. i-clutch. Ngenxa yezidingo kanye nentuthuko yomklamo wesakhiwo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-screwdriver kagesi (isibonelo, amanye awabeki i-clutch ku-shaft kodwa egiyeni lendandatho yangaphakathi, futhi asebenzisa i-torque yokusabela ukuze afeze umsebenzi we-clutch yokuphepha), futhi maningi kakhulu okushiwo. . Kodwa isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa esijwayelekile ukwenziwa kube yi-miniaturization, ukulula, ukucwenga kanye nokwandisa inani lamazinyo e-meshing (amabhola, ama-rollers) ukunciphisa i-torque eyengeziwe yomthelela, ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuhlanganiswa, ukwandisa impilo ye-clutch, kanye nokunciphisa ukudlidliza endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi komqhubi kanye nekhanda lamathuluzi okusebenza. . Eminye imikhiqizo iza ngezingcezu ezingafika ku-24, okuzokwandisa umthwalo wokusebenza. Amathuluzi anjalo angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo ngokuya ngezimiso zawo, imisebenzi, kanye nesici sawo.s

(1) Uhlobo lwe-clutch oluphoqelelwe

Iyithuluzi lokuvala ugesi elingeyona ezenzakalelayo. Ingcindezi ephakathi kwezingxenye ze-clutch ezisebenzayo neziqhutshwayo ingcindezi ye-axial ekhishwa yi-opharetha ku-screwdriver kagesi. Ngakho-ke, uma ingcindezi ye-axial esetshenziswayo inkulu, i-torque yokugoba ye-clutch izoba nkulu, kanti i-torque yokugoba ye-screw nayo izoba nkulu. Okuphambene nalokho. Kufanele kuphawulwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi lapho ingcindezi ye-axial ingasuswa ngemva kokugoba futhi ukunikezwa kwamandla kunganqanyulwa, i-clutch izohlangana futhi igobe futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, okuholela ekuthintekeni kanye nezici ezengeziwe ze-torque zokuqinisa. Ngakho-ke, umphumela wokuhlanganiswa uncike ngokuphelele kumakhono omqhubi, ngakho-ke ifanelekela kuphela izici zokuhlanganiswa kohlobo lwe-A, B, C, E ngaphandle kwezidingo zokunemba. Kodwa-ke, ngezici zokuhlanganiswa kohlobo lwe-D kanye nohlobo lwe-F lwe-Mt > Mc, inqobo nje uma i-opharetha inolwazi olwanele kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo, lolu hlobo lwethuluzi luyisinqumo esifanele.

(2) Uhlobo lwe-clutch ye-buffer elungisekayo

Iyithuluzi lokuvala ugesi elingelona elenza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isakhiwo sisebenzisa ingcindezi yesipilingi sokucindezela esilungisekayo ukuze sithathe indawo yengcindezi ye-axial eshiwo ngenhla ekhishwa yi-opharetha, ngakho-ke kungatholakala i-torque eguquguqukayo egobayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuphindaphindwa kwe-torque yayo egobayo kanye nokulungiswa kwayo kungcono kakhulu kune-clutch ephoqelelwe, futhi ayibangeli ukudlidliza okunamandla kwe-axial kwethuluzi lapho ligobayo. Ayinciphisi nje kuphela amandla okusebenza o-opharetha, kodwa futhi inciphisa umonakalo wesikhala noma i-cross slot kanye nokugqoka kwayo ngenxa yokudlidliza kwekhanda le-screwdriver. Ngakho-ke, uma nje u-opharetha emisa imoto lapho i-clutch igobayo futhi inciphisa umthelela we-torque eyengeziwe yokuthinta ye-clutch, i-torque yokuhlangana engaguquki eseduze ne-torque egobayo ingatholakala. Ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziswa ekuhlanganisweni kwentambo yohlobo lwe-A, B, C, kanye ne-E enezidingo ezithile zokunemba kwe-torque yokuhlangana. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukunemba kwe-torque egobayo kanye ne-torque yokuhlangana akuxhomekile kuphela kumapharamitha wokuklama wethuluzi kodwa futhi nasezingeni lokusebenza lo-opharetha. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisile ukuthi uma ithuluzi ligcinwa ngamabomu esimweni sokubamba okuphindaphindiwe isikhathi eside, i-torque yokuhlanganisa ingafinyelela i-torque ephindwe kabili kuya kathathu kune-torque yokukhubeka. Ngakho-ke, ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa incike kakhulu ekhonweni lomqhubi. Abaqhubi bezinga eliphezulu bangahlanganisa nezici zokuhlanganisa zohlobo lwe-D ze-Mc>Mt, futhi bangasebenzisa nokuhlukaniswa okuphindaphindiwe.

Kuhlanganiswe nokwenyuka kwesikhashana okwengeziwe ukuhlanganisa amalunga anezimpawu zohlobo F. Vele, ukuguguleka kwe-clutch kuzosheshiswa futhi ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganisa kuzoncishiswa.

Lolu hlobo lwe-screwdriver kagesi lungahlukaniswa ngohlobo lokulungisa lwangaphakathi nohlobo lokulungisa lwangaphandle ngokwendlela yokulungisa ingcindezi yentwasahlobo. Uhlobo lokulungisa lwangaphakathi lulula kakhulu, kodwa kunzima ukuvula ingxenye yesembozo sendlela yokusebenza lapho ulungisa ingcindezi yentwasahlobo, ngakho-ke manje ayisasetshenziswa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sakhiwo sisasetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-screwdriver kagesi akhiqizwa ekhaya anesigaba esisodwa. I-nut yokulungisa intwasahlobo yohlobo lokulungisa lwangaphandle ingaphandle kwesembozo, futhi umqhubi angayiguqula kalula ukuze ashintshe ingcindezi yentwasahlobo ukuze ashintshe i-torque ekhubekayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-screwdriver kagesi ahlala njalo akhiqizwa ekhaya, ikakhulukazi ama-screwdriver kagesi akhiqizwa ngobuningi, ngokuvamile asebenzisa lolu hlobo.

Uhlobo lwe-clutch olulungisekayo lokuvala amandla

Iyithuluzi elinqamula ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunikezwa kwamandla. Ngokusekelwe ku-clutch ye-buffer elungisekayo eshiwo ngenhla, ama-position detectors afana nokushintsha komkhawulo kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-photoelectric Ama-Hall transformers asetshenziselwa ukuthola ukufuduka kwe-axial kwe-clutch ngesikhathi sokukhubeka bese eyiguqula ibe yizimpawu zikagesi, okwenza isekethe esebenzayo inqume injini. Nikeza amandla kagesi, futhi wenze ukubhuleka okudla amandla ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-clutch ayikhiqizi i-torque eyengeziwe ebangelwa yimithelela ye-clutch ephindaphindwayo, ukuze i-torque yokuhlanganisa ilingane ngokunembile ne-torque yokukhubeka, futhi ukuphindaphindwa kwe-torque yokuhlanganisa kufinyelele ku-±3% kuya ku-±5%. Ngakho-ke, ifanele izici zokuhlanganisa ze-A, B, C, D (Mc> Mt), E kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezintambo ezinezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, amasekethe asebenzayo angenhla ayesebenzisa kakhulu amasekethe alula okudlulisa. Muva nje, amasekethe kagesi anamandla asetshenzisiwe. Lesi sakamuva sinesikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo futhi asinazo izixhumanisi, ngakho-ke sisebenza kahle futhi sithembekile kakhulu.

Indlela yokwenza khetha isikulufi sikagesi

Ngenxa yokwehlukahluka kwezikhathi zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinto zokusebenza, kunqunywe ukuthi izikulufo zikagesi kufanele zibe nezinhlobo ezahlukene zesakhiwo ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukene. Lena inkinga yokukhetha enkambisweni yokuthuthukiswa kwezikulufo zikagesi okufanele ixazululwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kumsebenzisi othile, indlela yokuthenga ngokunengqondo amathuluzi akhe okuhlanganisa ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezahlukene zezikulufo zikagesi kusukela ekutholakaleni, ezomnotho, okunengqondo, njll., ngokusekelwe endaweni yakhe yokusebenza kanye nezici zezingxenye ezizohlanganiswa, idinga ukukhethwa.

Uma ubheka isakhiwo kanye nezici zomsebenzi, kanye nezikhathi zokusetshenziswa komsebenzisi, izikulufo zikagesi zohlobo lwebhethri zivame ukusetshenziselwa izindawo zasekhaya nezezimboni ezingenawo ugesi; kuma-screwdriver kagesi anamandla amakhulu kanye ne-torque enkulu, akhiwe ngama-motor ochungechunge, ngenani elikhulu. Ukuze kusetshenziswe phakathi, sebenzisa isikulufo sikagesi esinogesi ophansi esinokunikezwa kwamandla okuphakathi. Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokuhlakazeka, sebenzisa isikulufo sikagesi esinogesi ophansi esisebenza ngawodwana noma isikulufo sikagesi "esinogesi ophakeme". Ukukhetha imodeli kubaluleke kakhulu ocwaningweni, ekuklameni kanye nakubakhiqizi. Ukukhetha imodeli okunengqondo kungahlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi abaningi abahlukene abanezinhlobo ezimbalwa zemikhiqizo, futhi kuzuze izinzuzo eziphezulu zomnotho nezenhlalo; Ngokuphambene nalokho, kubalulekile kakhulu kubasebenzisi ukukhetha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezikulufo zikagesi ngokwezikhathi zabo zokusetshenziswa kanye nezici zokuhlanganiswa kwezikulufo. Ukuthenga okungalungile kuzoholela ekutheni utshalomali lungafinyeleli umphumela ofiselekayo, noma luchithwe ngoba alukwazi ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, akudingeki nje kuphela ukuklama imikhiqizo ngokwezimpawu zokuhlanganiswa kwentambo ezahlukene, kodwa futhi nokuqinisa ukuthandwa kolwazi lomsebenzisi kule ndawo.