Kodi ma screwdriver amagetsi ndi chiyani ndipo mungawasankhe bwanji?

Palibe chitetezo chamtundu uliwonse mu screwdriver yamagetsi, kotero kapangidwe ka makina ndi kosavuta, kukonza ndikosavuta, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika.

(1) Mtundu wosalamulira ma torque

Ichi ndi chida chozimitsira magetsi chomwe sichimangodziyimira chokha. Kaya kulumikiza ulusi kwatha kapena ayi, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo amatsimikiza payekhapayekha. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwona momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Ngakhale kuti ntchitoyo ndi yovuta komanso yofuna ntchito yambiri, ubwino wa kulumikiza sungatsimikizidwe. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akatsimikizira kuti kulumikiza kwatha, amadula magetsi kuti amalize ntchitoyo. Komabe, chifukwa cha mphamvu yozungulira pambuyo pa kuzima kwa magetsi, mbewa kapena malo olumikizirana nthawi zambiri amawonongeka; ngati wogwiritsa ntchitoyo sasamala, zimakhala zosavuta kuti mota igwire mabuleki kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimachepetsa moyo wa mota ndi switch ya chidacho. Mtundu uwu wa chida unkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zomangira zamatabwa zomwe zinali ndi kufalikira kwakukulu m'masiku oyambirira, ndipo liwiro la spindle siliyenera kukhala lalikulu. Posachedwapa, sichinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwenikweni. Zipangizo zodzaza thumba logona

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zodzazira za matumba ogona zimaphatikizapo thonje ndi pansi, poganizira za kusunga kutentha, pansi imakhala ndi kusunga kutentha bwino, ndi yopepuka, yosavuta kupindika ndikusunga, ndipo ndi yolimba kwambiri. Chifukwa chake apa tikuwonetsa makamaka zinthu zotsika.

Mpaka pano, pansi ndiye chinthu chabwino kwambiri chotetezera matumba ogona. Zinthu zomwe zili pansi nthawi zambiri zimakhala (imvi, yoyera) goose pansi kapena duck down (nthawi zambiri, goose down ndi yabwino kuposa duck down). Kagwiridwe kake kamadalira mtundu ndi kutalika kwa pansi komwe kagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pa kafukufukuyu, tinapeza kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ena omwe salabadira ubwino wawo amagwiritsa ntchito Kubowola kwamagetsi ndi chozungulira cholumikizira zomangira zamatabwa pazowonjezera za basi. Ngakhale mtengo wa chidacho ndi wotsika, mtundu wa kusonkhanako sungalamuliridwe chifukwa cha liwiro lalikulu la chobowolera chamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zinyalala ziwonongeke. Kubwezera kunaonekera mwachangu: mitu ya zomangira inachita dzimbiri mwachangu (chifukwa chophimba cha groove chinawonongeka ndi screwdriver); zovala za okwera zidadulidwa ndi mitu ya zomangira (chifukwa mitu ina ya zomangira sinali yokhazikika mokwanira ndipo inali yayitali kuposa ntchito); zingwe zokongoletsera zachitsulo zidagumuka Kapena zimagwa (zomangira zina zimamangiriridwa kwambiri ndipo kulumikizana kumalephera); chogwiriracho chimakhala chomasuka kapena chotseguka (zomangira zina zimalephera). Zonsezi zimachitika ndi anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amakwera mabasi ndi mabasi.

(2) Mtundu wowongolera mphamvu ya mabuleki

Ndi chida chomwe sichimadula magetsi okha. Voltage ndi yokwera, mphamvu ya braking ndi yayikulu, ndipo mphamvu ya braking nayonso ndi yayikulu. Giya ikachepa, mphamvu ya output assembly nayonso imakhala yayikulu, ndipo mosemphanitsa. Lingaliro la kapangidwe ka paMtundu uwu wa screwdriver wamagetsi umagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito step-down transformer kuti ikhazikitse matepi ambiri ndikukonza magetsi kuti asinthe mphamvu ya assembly. Chogulitsachi chimapangidwabe m'dziko muno. Zifukwa zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti ndi chitsanzo chobwerera m'mbuyo komanso chosafunikira.

① Pa voltage inayake, mphamvu ya braking ya mota si yokhazikika. Pali zifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba ndi chakuti kuzunguliza kwa mota kumawonjezeka ndi kutentha. Pakuzunguliza kwakanthawi kochepa mobwerezabwereza, kutentha kwa kuzunguliza kumasintha kwambiri, kotero mphamvu ya braking nayonso ndi yosiyana kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu ya braking nayonso ndi yosiyana; chachiwiri ndi chakuti kuzunguliza kwa mota kumawonjezeka ndi kutentha. Ndi mphamvu ya braking ya mota ya commutator yomwe imagwirizana ndi malo a rotor panthawi ya braking. Pamene burashi ili pakati pa magawo awiri a commutator, chinthu chimodzi chozunguliza chimafupikitsidwa ndi burashi ndipo palibe mphamvu yomwe imapangidwa. M'malo mwake, pamene palibe gawo la commutator lomwe limafupikitsidwa ndi burashi, zinthu zonse zozunguliza zimagwira ntchito yopanga mphamvu. Chifukwa chake, zitha kuwoneka kuti mbale zambiri za commutator za mota, mphamvu ya malo osiyanasiyana a rotor pa mphamvu ya braking panthawi ya braking imachepa. Tsoka ilo, ma screwdriver amagetsi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma magnet micro motors okhazikika a DC. Rotor silingakhale ndi mipata yambiri ndipo limagwiritsa ntchito masamba ambiri oyendera (mipata itatu ndi masamba atatu idagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku oyambirira, ndipo mipata isanu ndi masamba asanu idagwiritsidwanso ntchito pambuyo pake. Masiku ano, mipata isanu ndi iwiri ndi masamba asanu ndi awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunja. , palinso mipata isanu ndi iwiri ndi zidutswa khumi ndi zinayi kuti muchepetse torque pulsation). Kuphatikiza ndi kulekerera kwa 10% kwa ma taxi amagetsi a mafakitale, ndikovuta kwambiri kuwongolera torque yokhazikika ndi njira iyi, ndiko kuti, kulondola kwa torque ndi koipa kwambiri.

② Kutseka mabuleki pafupipafupi si njira yachizolowezi yogwirira ntchito ya maginito okhazikika a DC. Kungayambitse kutentha kosazolowereka kwa mota ndikufupikitsa moyo wake. Makamaka ngati woyendetsa galimotoyo mwadala kapena mosadziwa awonjezera nthawi yotseka mabuleki, kuvulalako kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri. ③ Kuchotsa switch yamagetsi pamene injini ikutseka kudzachepetsa kwambiri moyo wa switch. Chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yayikulu panthawi yotseka, mphamvu yamaginito yomwe imasungidwa mu inductor yozungulira imakhala yayikulu. Ikatsekedwa, mphamvu iyi imatulutsidwa pakati pa zolumikizira mu mawonekedwe a arc. Tulukani, yeretsani zolumikizira, ndikuzisungunula pazochitika zoopsa.

④ Popeza injini imayenda mofulumira kwambiri isanatseke mabuleki, mphamvu ya screwdriver yamagetsi yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imakhala yotsika. Mtundu uwu wa screwdriver yamagetsi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zosavuta zolumikizira zamtundu wa A, B, C ndi E. Cholumikizira chamtundu wa D mu Mc》Mt

Makhalidwe olumikizirana amapezekanso.

(3) Skuruvu yamagetsi yoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi

Ndi chida chomwe chimadula magetsi okha. Kutengera ubale wofanana pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi ya mota ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya mota, njira yowongolera imakhazikitsidwa kuti ilamulire mphamvu yolumikizira ya screwdriver yamagetsi poika mtengo wa mphamvu yamagetsi ya mota. Mtundu uwu wa screwdriver yamagetsi unali chinthu chachikulu choyambirira ku China, koma sichinapangidwenso posachedwapa chifukwa ntchito yake yowongolera ndi yoipa kwambiri. Anthu sangalephere kudzifunsa kuti: Nchifukwa chiyani njira yowongolera iyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri pa ma wrench a torque okhazikika? Chogulitsachi chapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kulondola kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumatha kufika ±5% FS; chifukwa chiyani ma screwdriver amagetsi omwe angobwera kumene ndi amtundu wowongolera womwe ulipo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti chinsinsi chili mu mfundo yakuti pambuyo pa kuzimitsa kwa magetsi, ntchito ya makina ozungulira a screwdriver yamagetsi imasinthidwa kukhala torque yowonjezera yosalamulirika, yomwe imapanga gawo lalikulu. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kuti zitsimikizire kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, chiŵerengero cha liwiro la chochepetsera screwdriver yamagetsi ndi chochepa, ndipo kuti zitsimikizire kuti torque yomangika ndi yolimba, mphamvu ya mota yoyerekeza siyingakhale yochepa kwambiri (pambuyo pa kusintha, 1500N·Wrench yokhazikika ya m imangofunika mphamvu yovomerezeka ya 0.3W, pomwe screwdriver yamagetsi ya M4 imafuna mphamvu yovomerezeka ya 8W kuti ipange IN·m torque). Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yozungulira yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi nthawi yolumikizira ya unit ndi yayikulu, kotero torque yowonjezera yosalamulirika nayonso ndi yayikulu. Yankho lake ndikuyika nthawi yomweyo braking yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ku mota pambuyo poti torque yafika pamalopo ndikudula magetsi. Pakadali pano, mota imagwira ntchito ngati Jenereta, kusintha mphamvu zambiri za kinetic za dongosolo lozungulira kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa resistor, motero zimapangitsa kuti chowongoleracho chisalamulirike. Kulamulira mphamvu yowonjezera kumawongolera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zowongolera ndi kulondola kwa mphamvu zowongolera. Ndipotu, ma screwdriver amagetsi olamulidwa ndi Daniker (kuphatikizapo ma screwdriver amagetsi odziyimira okha omwe atchulidwa pambuyo pake) amatenga izi kuti akwaniritse mawonekedwe abwino owongolera kusonkhana. Screwdriver yamagetsi yokonzedwanso iyi ili ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu owongolera nthawi yomweyo komanso kulondola kwakukulu kowongolera nthawi yomweyo. Ndi yoyenera mawonekedwe a kusonkhana kwa ma screws A, B, C, ndi E omwe ali ndi zofunikira zapamwamba, ndipo ndi yoyeneranso ma screws omwe amagwirizana ndi Mc》Makhalidwe a msonkhano wa mtundu wa Mt D.

Mtundu wa chitetezo

Kawirikawiri makina otetezera clutch amayikidwa kumapeto kwa liwiro lotsika la unyolo wotumizira wamagetsi wa screwdriver. Pamene mphamvu yotumizira (monga mphamvu yolumikizira) ipitirira mtengo wake woyikira, clutch imagwa. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma clutch otetezeka, kuphatikizapo ma clutch okangana oyenera screwdriver zamagetsi (zomwe zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku oyambirira, koma tsopano sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kosavuta, kutentha, komanso magwiridwe antchito osakhazikika), ma clutch otetezeka amtundu wa dzino, ma clutch otetezeka amtundu wa mpira, ndi ma clutch otetezeka amtundu wa roller. clutch. Chifukwa cha zosowa ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kapangidwe kake, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma screwdriver enieni amagetsi (mwachitsanzo, ena sayika clutch pa shaft koma pa giya lamkati la mphete, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito torque yochitira kuti akwaniritse ntchito ya clutch yotetezeka), ndipo pali zambiri zoti titchule. . Koma njira yonse yopangira ndi miniaturization, kuphweka, kukonza ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mano omangirira (mipira, ma rollers) kuti achepetse torque yowonjezera, kukonza kulondola kwa msonkhano, kuwonjezera moyo wa clutch, ndikuchepetsa kugwedezeka pamalo olumikizirana pakati pa wogwiritsa ntchito ndi mutu wa chida chogwirira ntchito. . Zogulitsa zina zimabwera ndi zidutswa zokwana 24, zomwe zidzawonjezera ntchito yokonza. Zida zotere zitha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa malinga ndi mfundo zawo, ntchito, ndi mawonekedwe awo.s

(1) Mtundu wa clutch wokakamizidwa

Ndi chida chozimitsa magetsi chosadzipangira chokha. Kupanikizika pakati pa magawo a clutch yogwira ntchito ndi yoyendetsedwa ndi kuthamanga kwa axial komwe wogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito pa screwdriver yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, ngati kuthamanga kwa axial komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuli kwakukulu, mphamvu yodumpha ya clutch idzakhala yayikulu, ndipo mphamvu yodumpha ya screw idzakhalanso yayikulu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ziyenera kudziwika kuti pamene kuthamanga kwa axial sikuchotsedwa pambuyo podumpha ndipo magetsi sanadulidwe, clutch imagwirira ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi ndikugundanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvuyo ikhale yolimba komanso yowonjezera. Chifukwa chake, zotsatira za kusonkhana zimadalira luso la wogwiritsa ntchito, kotero ndizoyenera kokha mawonekedwe a kusonkhana kwa A, B, C, E popanda zofunikira zenizeni. Komabe, pa makhalidwe a kusonkhana kwa D-type ndi F-type a Mt > Mc, bola ngati wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso udindo, chida chamtunduwu ndi chisankho choyenera.

(2) Mtundu wosinthika wa cholumikizira cholumikizira

Ndi chida chozimitsa magetsi chosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zokha. Kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kasupe wosinthika kuti kalowe m'malo mwa mphamvu ya axial yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito, kotero kuti mphamvu yosinthika yokhota ikhoza kupezeka. Komabe, kubwerezabwereza kwa mphamvu yake yokhota komanso kusinthika kwake kuli bwino kwambiri kuposa kwa clutch yokakamizidwa, ndipo sikuyambitsa kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa axial kwa chidacho chikakhota. Sikuti imangochepetsa mphamvu ya wogwiritsa ntchito, komanso imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa malo olowera kapena malo olumikizirana ndi zokutira zake chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa mutu wa screwdriver. Chifukwa chake, bola wogwiritsa ntchito ayimitsa galimotoyo clutch ikakhota ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya mphamvu yowonjezera ya clutch, mphamvu yokhazikika yolumikizirana yomwe ili pafupi ndi mphamvu yokhota ingapezeke. Chifukwa chake, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa A, B, C, ndi E-type thread assembly ... Mayesero asonyeza kuti ngati chidacho chisungidwa mwadala mu clutch mobwerezabwereza kwa nthawi yayitali, mphamvu ya assembly imatha kufika kuwirikiza kawiri kapena katatu mphamvu ya crapping. Chifukwa chake, ubwino wa assembly umadalira kwambiri luso la wogwiritsa ntchito. Ogwiritsa ntchito apamwamba amathanso kusonkhanitsa mawonekedwe a assembly a mtundu wa D a Mc>Mt, ndipo amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wolekanitsa mobwerezabwereza.

Kuphatikiza ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti musonkhanitse zolumikizira zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu wa F. Zachidziwikire, kuvala kwa clutch kudzafulumizitsidwa ndipo kugwira ntchito bwino kwa cholumikizira kudzachepa.

Mtundu uwu wa screwdriver yamagetsi ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: mtundu wosinthira mkati ndi mtundu wosinthira kunja malinga ndi njira yosinthira ya pressure ya masika. Mtundu wosinthira mkati ndi wosavuta kugwira ntchito, koma zimakhala zovuta kutsegula gawo la chivundikiro cha makina ogwirira ntchito posintha pressure ya masika, kotero tsopano sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Komabe, kapangidwe kameneka kamagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri mu screwdriver yamagetsi yopangidwa m'nyumba imodzi. Nati yosinthira masika ya mtundu wosinthira wakunja ili kunja kwa chivundikiro, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyitembenuza mosavuta kuti asinthe pressure ya masika kuti asinthe torque yokhotakhota. M'zaka zaposachedwa, screwdriver yamagetsi yokhazikika yopangidwa m'nyumba, makamaka screwdriver yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi batri yambiri, nthawi zambiri yagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu.

Mtundu wolumikizira wosinthika wa mphamvu

Ndi chida chomwe chimadula magetsi okha. Pogwiritsa ntchito clutch yosinthika ya buffer yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa, zowunikira malo monga limit switches ndi photoelectric conversion Hall transformers zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kusuntha kwa axial kwa clutch panthawi yogunda ndikuisintha kukhala zizindikiro zamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti functional circuit idule mota. Perekani mphamvu, ndipo braking imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwachangu kuti muwonetsetse kuti clutch siyipanga torque yowonjezera yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha clutch impacts yobwerezabwereza, kotero kuti assembly torque ikhale yofanana ndi torque yogunda, ndipo kubwerezabwereza kwa assembly torque kufika ±3% mpaka ±5%. Chifukwa chake, ndiyoyenera mawonekedwe a assembly a A, B, C, D (Mc> Mt), E ndi mitundu ina ya ulusi yokhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri. M'masiku oyambirira, ma functional circuits omwe ali pamwambapa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma relay circuits osavuta. Posachedwapa, ma power electronic circuits agwiritsidwa ntchito. Yomalizayi ili ndi nthawi yoyankha mwachangu komanso yopanda ma contacts, kotero ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso yodalirika kwambiri.

Momwe mungachitire sankhani screwdriver yamagetsi

Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa nthawi zogwiritsira ntchito ndi zida zogwirira ntchito, zaganiziridwa kuti ma screwdriver amagetsi azikhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kapangidwe kake kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana. Ili ndiye vuto losankha pakupanga ma screwdriver amagetsi lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa. M'malo mwake, kwa wogwiritsa ntchito wina, momwe angagulire zida zake zosonkhanitsira kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma screwdriver amagetsi kuchokera ku malingaliro a kupezeka, ndalama, kulingalira, ndi zina zotero, kutengera malo ake antchito ndi mawonekedwe a zigawo zomwe zikuyenera kupangidwa, zimafuna kusankha.

Poganizira kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a workpiece, komanso nthawi zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito, ma screwdriver amagetsi amtundu wa batri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba ndi m'mafakitale opanda magetsi; pa ma screwdriver amagetsi okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso torque yayikulu, omwe amapangidwa ndi ma motors angapo, ambiri. Pakugwiritsa ntchito pakati, gwiritsani ntchito screwdriver yamagetsi yokhala ndi mphamvu yochepa yokhala ndi magetsi apakati. Pakugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, gwiritsani ntchito screwdriver yamagetsi yokhala ndi mphamvu yochepa kapena screwdriver yamagetsi "yamphamvu kwambiri". Kusankha chitsanzo ndikofunikira kwambiri pa kafukufuku, kapangidwe ndi opanga. Kusankha bwino kwa chitsanzo kumatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mitundu yochepa ya zinthu, ndikupeza zabwino zachuma komanso zachikhalidwe; M'malo mwake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ogwiritsa ntchito asankhe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma screwdriver amagetsi malinga ndi nthawi yawo yogwiritsira ntchito komanso mawonekedwe a workpiece. Kugula kosayenera kudzapangitsa kuti ndalama zisakwaniritse zomwe mukufuna, kapena kutayika chifukwa sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zake zokha. Pachifukwa ichi, sikuti kungopanga zinthu malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a ulusi, komanso kulimbikitsa kufalikira kwa chidziwitso cha ogwiritsa ntchito m'derali.