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TSATANETSATANE WA ZINTHU
Mafotokozedwe Akatundu
Injini ya petulo ya chainsaw ikagwira ntchito, petulo imayaka mkati mwa silinda ndipo mpweya wotulutsa utsi umatuluka mu injini kudzera mu chitoliro chotulutsa utsi. Mpweya wabwinobwino wotulutsa utsi suoneka ndi maso. Pamene mafuta sanatenthedwe kwathunthu kapena injini sikugwira ntchito bwino, padzakhala ma hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, ndi tinthu ta carbon mu mpweya wotulutsa utsi, ndipo mpweya wotulutsa utsi udzawoneka woyera kwambiri, wakuda, kapena wabuluu. Tikhoza kuweruza kuyaka kwa petulo kutengera mtundu wa utsi wa injini ndikutenga njira zoyenera zothetsera mavuto.
Injini ya petulo ikagwira ntchito, petulo imayaka mkati mwa silinda ndipo mpweya wotulutsa utsi umatuluka mu injini kudzera mu chitoliro chotulutsa utsi. Mpweya wotulutsa utsi umakhala ndi nthunzi ya madzi, carbon dioxide, ndi nayitrogeni. Mpweya wabwinobwino wotulutsa utsi sungawonekere ndi maso.
Mafuta akapanda kuyaka kwathunthu kapena injini sikugwira ntchito bwino, padzakhala ma hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ndi tinthu ta carbon mu mpweya wotulutsa utsi, ndipo mpweya wotulutsa utsi udzawoneka woyera kwambiri, wakuda, kapena wabuluu. Tikhoza kuweruza kuyaka kwa mafuta kutengera mtundu wa utsi wa injini ndikutenga njira zoyenera zothetsera mavuto.
1, Kutulutsa utsi woyera
Utsi woyera womwe uli mu utsi umakhala makamaka ndi tinthu ta mafuta kapena nthunzi ya madzi zomwe sizinasinthidwe ndi kuyaka kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, vuto lililonse lomwe lingapangitse kuti mafuta asasinthidwe mokwanira kapena madzi kulowa mu silinda limapangitsa kuti utsi utuluke utsi woyera.
Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe utsi woyera umachokera ku injini za petulo za chainsaw ndi izi:
1. Kutentha kuli kotsika ndipo kuthamanga kwa silinda sikukwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafuta asawonongeke, makamaka panthawi yozizira kwambiri pamene utsi woyera umatuluka mu utsi;
2. Madzi olowera mu chidebe chotseka;
3. Madzi ambiri mu mafuta, ndi zina zotero.
Pamene chotsukira utsi chiyamba kuzizira, utsi umatulutsa utsi woyera. Ngati utsi woyera utatha injini ikatentha, uyenera kuonedwa ngati wabwinobwino. Ngati injini ya chotsukira utsi ikadali kutulutsa utsi woyera panthawi yogwira ntchito bwino, ndi vuto. Vutoli liyenera kuthetsedwa poyeretsa madzi omwe ali mu chotsukira utsi, kusintha mafuta, ndi njira zina.
2, Kutulutsa utsi wabuluu
Utsi wabuluu womwe uli mu utsi umachokera makamaka ku mafuta ochulukirapo omwe amalowa mu chipinda choyaka moto ndikutenga nawo mbali pakuyaka. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chilichonse chomwe chimayambitsa mafuta kulowa mu chipinda choyaka moto chimayambitsa utsi wabuluu wochokera mu utsi.
Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe utsi wabuluu umatuluka ndi injini za chainsaw ndi izi:
1. Kusweka kwa mphete za pistoni, kusweka kwa mphete za pistoni, ndi kuzungulira kwa mipata ya mphete za pistoni pamodzi;
2. Kusakhazikika bwino kapena kulephera kukalamba kwa zisindikizo za mafuta a valavu, kutayika kwa ntchito yotseka;
3. Kuwonongeka kwa chitsogozo cha mavavu;
4. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ma pistoni ndi makoma a silinda;
5. Injini yoyikidwa mbali kapena yozungulira;
6. Kutsekeka kwa mpweya wopumira;
7. Mtundu wa mafuta si wolondola;
8. Mafuta ochulukirapo owonjezeredwa.
Ngati injini yawonongeka ndi utsi wabuluu, choyamba muyenera kuwona ngati mafuta omwe ali mu chainsaw adzazidwa kwambiri. Kenako, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kusokoneza ndikuyang'ana makinawo kuti mudziwe chomwe chikuyambitsa ndikupeza njira yothetsera vutoli.
3, Kutulutsa utsi wakuda
Ngati chitoliro chotulutsa utsi cha chainsaw chitulutsa utsi wakuda, ndi chifukwa chakuti mafuta sanatenthedwe mokwanira ndipo utsi wa injini uli ndi tinthu takuda ta kaboni.
Kuyaka kwathunthu kwa mafuta kumafuna chiŵerengero china cha mafuta ndi mpweya kuti chisungidwe mu chipinda choyaka moto. Ngati chiŵerengero cha mpweya mu chipinda choyaka moto chili chotsika kwambiri kapena chapamwamba kwambiri, chingapangitse injini kutulutsa utsi wakuda. Chifukwa chake, zifukwa zazikulu zomwe injini zazing'ono za petulo za chainsaw zimatulutsa utsi wakuda ndi izi:
1. Nozzle yaikulu ya carburetor yatha;
2. Fyuluta ya mpweya imanyowa kapena kutsekedwa ndi fumbi lalikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya usalowe bwino komanso kuti mpweya usalowe mokwanira;
3. Kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa injini;
4. Nozzle yaikulu ya carburetor yasankhidwa molakwika. Mwachitsanzo, injini ikagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo okwera kwambiri, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mpweya mumlengalenga, nozzle yayikulu yapadera ya malo okwera kwambiri iyenera kusankhidwa, apo ayi ikhoza kuyambitsa utsi wakuda.
Pa injini za petulo zomwe zimatulutsa utsi wakuda, kuwunika ndi kuthetsa mavuto kungachitike mwa kusintha fyuluta ya mpweya, kusintha nozzle yayikulu, ndikutsimikizira ngati injiniyo yadzaza kwambiri.